Cognitivism
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Cognitivism is a learning theory that focuses on mental processes like memory, problem-solving, and language processing. It views learning as involving the acquisition or reorganization of the cognitive structures through which humans process and store information. Cognitivism has four main foundations: Gestalt theory, information processing models, artificial intelligence research, and linguistics. The goal of cognitivism is to understand how people can learn through their mental mechanisms to adapt their behavior in different situations.
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Introducing cognitivism as a learning theory
The document introduces cognitivism as a learning theory that emerged in the 1960s to replace behaviorism. Cognitivism focuses on understanding mental processes like thinking, memory, and problem-solving rather than just external responses. It views learning as involving how mental constructs are encoded and organized in memory. The document outlines key concepts in cognitivism and contributors to the cognitive model of learning like Piaget, Gagne, and Kolb. It also notes some criticisms of reducing cognition to information processing and debates that emerged around cognitivism.
COGNITIVISM THEORY
Cognitivism theory examines how people think and gain knowledge through learning, memory, problem solving, and intelligence. It views the mind as a "black box" where learning occurs through recalling and making sense of stored information. Key factors that influence learning according to cognitivism include a person's existing schemas and previous experiences. Memory plays an important role through encoding, storing, and retrieving information. Learning theories best explained by cognitivism include reasoning, problem solving, and learning with clear objectives. Major theorists in cognitivism include Piaget with his cognitive development theory and Ausubel with his meaningful learning theory.
Cognitive learning theory
Presentation deals with the factors that impact on the learning process as posited by Piaget, Bloom, Bruner and Ausubel
Cognitivism
This document discusses several cognitive theories of learning:
1) Gestalt psychology which emphasizes the whole of human experience and informed cognitive theories.
2) Cognitive theories focus on internal mental processes like thinking, versus behaviorism which views learning as reaction to stimuli.
3) Key cognitive instruction theories include Piaget's stages of cognitive development, Bruner's discovery learning theory, and Ausubel's meaningful learning theory which stresses relating new knowledge to prior knowledge.
4) Theories can be applied to understand individuals at a coffee shop based on their view of learning and locus and purpose of education.
Cognitivism
This document discusses cognitivism as a learning theory that focuses on cognitive processes like comprehension and problem solving rather than observable behaviors. It outlines some of the major cognitive theorists like Lewin, Gagne, Bloom, and Anderson and their contributions. The implications for the classroom are that teachers should facilitate problem-based learning and inquiry to stimulate students' cognitive skills. Technology can be used as an "attention getter" and to present material interactively on whiteboards. Students are encouraged to work collaboratively in groups and use technology to express their own ideas. The goal is for students to learn how to teach themselves efficiently using their cognitive abilities.
Cognitivism theory
Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development posits four stages of development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. Piaget believed that children progress through these stages as they interact with their environment. According to Piaget, children construct an understanding of the world through physical experiences in the sensorimotor stage and begin to use symbols and language in the preoperational stage. In the concrete operational stage, children can think logically about concrete objects and events. Finally, in the formal operational stage, adolescents can think abstractly and hypothetically. While Piaget emphasized self-discovery, Vygotsky argued that social learning plays an important role in cognitive development.
Cognitivism
Cognitivism rejects behaviorism and instead focuses on internal mental processes like thinking, memory, and problem solving. It views learning as involving the formation of mental representations and associations rather than just stimulus-response behaviors. Cognitivism sees humans as actively generating knowledge through cognitive processes like recognizing, analyzing, and evaluating information, rather than just passively responding to environmental conditions. Cognitive theories emphasize understanding over rote memorization and see the teacher's role as facilitating meaningful learning by helping students relate new concepts to their prior knowledge.
Models of curriculum
This document provides an overview of curriculum models and ideologies. It explores the product, process, situational, problem-centered, and expressive models of curriculum. The product model focuses on measurable objectives and outcomes, while the process model emphasizes teacher and learner activities and the learning environment. Different curriculum ideologies like liberal humanism, academicism, instrumentalism, progressivism, and reconstructivism are also discussed. Learners research assigned models and evaluate which ideology underpins their own curriculum.
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Introducing cognitivism as a learning theory
The document introduces cognitivism as a learning theory that emerged in the 1960s to replace behaviorism. Cognitivism focuses on understanding mental processes like thinking, memory, and problem-solving rather than just external responses. It views learning as involving how mental constructs are encoded and organized in memory. The document outlines key concepts in cognitivism and contributors to the cognitive model of learning like Piaget, Gagne, and Kolb. It also notes some criticisms of reducing cognition to information processing and debates that emerged around cognitivism.
COGNITIVISM THEORY
Cognitivism theory examines how people think and gain knowledge through learning, memory, problem solving, and intelligence. It views the mind as a "black box" where learning occurs through recalling and making sense of stored information. Key factors that influence learning according to cognitivism include a person's existing schemas and previous experiences. Memory plays an important role through encoding, storing, and retrieving information. Learning theories best explained by cognitivism include reasoning, problem solving, and learning with clear objectives. Major theorists in cognitivism include Piaget with his cognitive development theory and Ausubel with his meaningful learning theory.
Cognitive learning theory
Presentation deals with the factors that impact on the learning process as posited by Piaget, Bloom, Bruner and Ausubel
Cognitivism
This document discusses several cognitive theories of learning:
1) Gestalt psychology which emphasizes the whole of human experience and informed cognitive theories.
2) Cognitive theories focus on internal mental processes like thinking, versus behaviorism which views learning as reaction to stimuli.
3) Key cognitive instruction theories include Piaget's stages of cognitive development, Bruner's discovery learning theory, and Ausubel's meaningful learning theory which stresses relating new knowledge to prior knowledge.
4) Theories can be applied to understand individuals at a coffee shop based on their view of learning and locus and purpose of education.
Cognitivism
This document discusses cognitivism as a learning theory that focuses on cognitive processes like comprehension and problem solving rather than observable behaviors. It outlines some of the major cognitive theorists like Lewin, Gagne, Bloom, and Anderson and their contributions. The implications for the classroom are that teachers should facilitate problem-based learning and inquiry to stimulate students' cognitive skills. Technology can be used as an "attention getter" and to present material interactively on whiteboards. Students are encouraged to work collaboratively in groups and use technology to express their own ideas. The goal is for students to learn how to teach themselves efficiently using their cognitive abilities.
Cognitivism theory
Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development posits four stages of development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. Piaget believed that children progress through these stages as they interact with their environment. According to Piaget, children construct an understanding of the world through physical experiences in the sensorimotor stage and begin to use symbols and language in the preoperational stage. In the concrete operational stage, children can think logically about concrete objects and events. Finally, in the formal operational stage, adolescents can think abstractly and hypothetically. While Piaget emphasized self-discovery, Vygotsky argued that social learning plays an important role in cognitive development.
Cognitivism
Cognitivism rejects behaviorism and instead focuses on internal mental processes like thinking, memory, and problem solving. It views learning as involving the formation of mental representations and associations rather than just stimulus-response behaviors. Cognitivism sees humans as actively generating knowledge through cognitive processes like recognizing, analyzing, and evaluating information, rather than just passively responding to environmental conditions. Cognitive theories emphasize understanding over rote memorization and see the teacher's role as facilitating meaningful learning by helping students relate new concepts to their prior knowledge.
Models of curriculum
This document provides an overview of curriculum models and ideologies. It explores the product, process, situational, problem-centered, and expressive models of curriculum. The product model focuses on measurable objectives and outcomes, while the process model emphasizes teacher and learner activities and the learning environment. Different curriculum ideologies like liberal humanism, academicism, instrumentalism, progressivism, and reconstructivism are also discussed. Learners research assigned models and evaluate which ideology underpins their own curriculum.
The Cognitive Theory
The Cognitive Theory focuses on how humans think and process information to learn. It views learning as involving mental processes like remembering, problem solving, and decision making, rather than just changes in observable behavior. Key people associated with the theory include Allan Paivio, Robert Gagne, Howard Gardner, and Benjamin Bloom. Under the Cognitive Theory, teachers stimulate recall, present lessons, provide guidance and feedback, while students engage in knowledge comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. The theory emphasizes that students must actively participate in learning for it to be effective.
Cognitive Constructivism of Jean Piaget
Cognitive Constructivism of Jean Piaget - Cognitive levels and cognitive process - Education Psychology
Cognitivism
Cognitivism focuses on internal mental processes of learning rather than outward behaviors. It developed in reaction to behaviorism which ignored thinking. Theorists like Paivio, Gagne, and Gardner contributed key concepts - Paivio's dual coding theory emphasized visual and verbal learning; Gagne identified five types of learning and principles for instruction; Gardner proposed multiple intelligences. Under cognitivism, teachers should create engaging environments, ask questions, and use varied teaching methods while students think deeply to develop understanding.
Cognitive Learning Theory
Cognitive learning theory explains how the brain processes and interprets information during learning. Key cognitive learning models include:
- Gestalt model which views thinking as proceeding from the whole to parts.
- Ausubel model which focuses on verbal learning and meaning-making.
- Gagne model which identifies 5 types of learning and 9 levels of instruction.
- Bruner model which sees learning progressing from physical actions to images to symbolic thought.
Constructivism views learning as a self-regulated process where learners build on prior knowledge through active participation and social interaction. It encourages learner-centered activities and collaborative work.
Behaviorism theory of learning
Behaviorism theory proposes that all learning is based on conditioning responses to external stimuli. Key founders include John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov, and B.F. Skinner. Their work established that learning occurs through reinforcement or punishment in response to stimuli, without consideration of internal mental processes. Teachers can apply behaviorism by using positive and negative reinforcement, testing specific skills, and focusing on individual work over group learning.
Social Constructivism by Lev Vygotsky
Lev Vygotsky's social constructivist theory posits that culture provides cognitive tools like language and social context that influence cognitive development. According to this view, knowledge is constructed through social interactions and cultural influences. Effective social constructivist teaching strategies include collaborative learning, situated or anchored learning activities, and problem-solving approaches that engage students in realistic scenarios.
Cognitivism ( Piaget and Vigotsky)
Piaget's theory of cognitive development consists of 4 stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. Children progress through these stages as they develop new cognitive abilities like object permanence, language skills, logic, and hypothetical thinking. Piaget believed cognitive development occurs through assimilation and accommodation as children interact with the world. Vygotsky emphasized the social aspects of learning and proposed the zone of proximal development, describing what children can achieve with guidance versus alone. Both theorists contributed to understanding how children's thinking develops through interacting with their environment.
Cognitive learning theory
Cognitive learning theory views learning as an active internal process involving how information is processed, stored, and retrieved. It focuses on how students think, process information, and apply knowledge. Key aspects include starting lessons with prior knowledge, relating new ideas to existing understanding, using visual aids, and giving students opportunities to actively problem solve. Strengths are improving problem solving and motivation, while weaknesses include difficulty measuring cognitive awareness in individual students. Cognitive classrooms emphasize comprehension, group work, vocabulary over pronunciation, and using the native language to facilitate fluency.
Comparison between behaviorist theory and cognitivist theory
Behaviorism sees learning as the acquisition of behaviors through environmental conditioning and reinforcement. Cognitivism views learning as a conscious process involving mental strategies and reasoning. Behaviorism focuses on observable behaviors while Cognitivism examines internal mental processes. Both theories emphasize the role of environmental factors and practice with feedback in facilitating learning, though they differ in their level of analysis of the learning process.
Cognitive learning
Cognitive learning theory focuses on how people think and process information. Key aspects include that learning is an active process where learners construct their own understanding, and that mental processes like observing and categorizing are important. Theorists discussed include Piaget, who identified stages of cognitive development, Bruner, who described modes of thinking, and Ausubel, who emphasized meaningful learning by relating new concepts to prior knowledge. The theory emphasizes giving learners opportunities to actively engage with and make sense of new information.
Jerome bruner learning theory
1. Jerome Bruner was an influential American psychologist who developed theories of cognitive development and learning.
2. Bruner believed that learning is an active process where learners construct new ideas based on existing knowledge through a spiral curriculum.
3. He proposed three stages of cognitive development - enactive (learning by doing), iconic (learning by representing), and symbolic (learning through abstract thinking) - and recommended instruction use a combination of concrete, pictorial, and symbolic representations.
Cognitive Theory
Cognitive theory views thinking, decision making, and remembering as underlying behaviors. It focuses on how people think, understand, and acquire knowledge. Key cognitive theorists discussed include Paivio with his dual coding theory of verbal and nonverbal processing, Gagne with his learning hierarchies and instruction model, Gardner with his theory of multiple intelligences, and Bloom with his taxonomy of learning domains. Teachers can apply cognitive theory through expository teaching, meaningful learning connections, and dual coding with text and images. Students use memory and existing knowledge to organize and retain new information.
B.f.skinner behaviorist theory
B.F. Skinner was an influential American psychologist who developed the theory of behaviorism. Behaviorism views human behavior as responses to environmental stimuli and is learned through reinforcement or punishment. Skinner argued that behavior is shaped by consequences and that understanding behavior means examining relationships between actions and their effects. Key aspects of Skinner's theory included operant conditioning, the use of reinforcement to increase behaviors, and the view that language is learned through parental positive reinforcement of children's vocalizations. While behaviorism was influential, Skinner's theories were also criticized for overgeneralizing from limited experiments and not explaining more complex behaviors.
Cognitivism
Cognitivism views learning as involving mental processes and symbolic mental constructs. Key figures who contributed to cognitivism include Piaget, who studied child development in stages, and Vygotsky, who believed concepts are formed socially then individually and that culture determines development. Cognitivism holds that learning is measured by what learners know rather than what they do, and that memory plays a key role in organizing and retrieving information for learning to occur.
Constructivism
Constructivism is a learning theory that suggests people actively construct their own understanding and knowledge through experiences and reflecting on those experiences. Key founders of constructivism include Jean Piaget and John Dewey. According to constructivism, learning involves a process of assimilation of new information and accommodation or adjustment of existing knowledge. Constructivism emphasizes hands-on, active learning and problem solving over rote memorization. It suggests learning occurs through collaboration and social interaction.
Gagne learning theory
Robert Gagné was an educational psychologist known for his theory of instruction called the "Conditions of Learning". He studied how learning objectives relate to instructional design. Gagné identified 9 types or levels of learning - signal learning, stimulus-response learning, chaining, verbal association, discrimination learning, concept learning, rule learning, problem solving, and attitudes. Each type of learning requires different instructional events and conditions to be effectively taught.
Behaviorism Theory of Learning
The document discusses the behaviorist theory of learning. [1] Behaviorism assumes that learning is influenced by environmental stimuli and responses are reinforced through positive and negative consequences. [2] Important behaviorist theorists include Ivan Pavlov, who studied classical conditioning in dogs, and B.F. Skinner, who developed operant conditioning using reinforcement and punishment. [3] Teachers can apply behaviorist principles by breaking tasks into small steps, providing clear instructions, and using positive reinforcement.
The cognitivist theory
The Cognitivist Theory views learning as an active process that occurs in the mind. It sees the mind as operating like a computer, where information is processed, leading to outcomes. Key aspects of the theory include:
- Learning involves inner mental activities like thinking, memory, and knowing.
- Knowledge is constructed based on personal experiences and mental processing of information.
- Prominent cognitivists who contributed to the theory include Howard Gardner, Benjamin Bloom, Allan Paivio, and Robert Gagne.
Jerome Bruner and Constructivism
Jerome Bruner was an American psychologist born in 1915 who received his PhD from Harvard. He is known for developing discovery learning and constructivist learning theories. Some key principles of Bruner's theory include that any subject can be taught effectively in some form to any learner, and that learning should involve active engagement through different modes of representation including enactive, iconic, and symbolic. Bruner believed learning is an active process in which students construct new ideas based upon their current and past knowledge through discovery and interaction.
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Cognitive approach in learning.pptx
The document discusses cognitive approaches to learning, including:
1) Cognitivism focuses on internal mental processes like thinking, memory, and perception in learning. Learning involves organizing and reorganizing knowledge.
2) Information processing theory views learning as input, storage, and retrieval of information, divided into attending, acquiring, and transferring phases.
3) Piaget's theory of cognitive development involves a cycle of assimilating new information into schemas, accommodating schemas based on new information, and achieving equilibrium between the two. His four stages of development are described.
4) Bruner advocated for active, discovery-based learning where students construct their own understandings and learn in a progressive, challenging way
Instructional design theories summaries
The document discusses several learning theories and instructional design theories. It summarizes the information processing theory which proposes that the human mind processes information similarly to a computer. It also summarizes Dale's Cone of Learning which classifies learning experiences from active to passive. Finally, it provides overviews of Bruner's educational theory, Bandura's social learning theory, Gagne's nine events of instruction, and Vygotsky's social development theory.
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The Cognitive Theory focuses on how humans think and process information to learn. It views learning as involving mental processes like remembering, problem solving, and decision making, rather than just changes in observable behavior. Key people associated with the theory include Allan Paivio, Robert Gagne, Howard Gardner, and Benjamin Bloom. Under the Cognitive Theory, teachers stimulate recall, present lessons, provide guidance and feedback, while students engage in knowledge comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. The theory emphasizes that students must actively participate in learning for it to be effective.
Cognitive Constructivism of Jean Piaget
Cognitive Constructivism of Jean Piaget - Cognitive levels and cognitive process - Education Psychology
Cognitivism
Cognitivism focuses on internal mental processes of learning rather than outward behaviors. It developed in reaction to behaviorism which ignored thinking. Theorists like Paivio, Gagne, and Gardner contributed key concepts - Paivio's dual coding theory emphasized visual and verbal learning; Gagne identified five types of learning and principles for instruction; Gardner proposed multiple intelligences. Under cognitivism, teachers should create engaging environments, ask questions, and use varied teaching methods while students think deeply to develop understanding.
Cognitive Learning Theory
Cognitive learning theory explains how the brain processes and interprets information during learning. Key cognitive learning models include:
- Gestalt model which views thinking as proceeding from the whole to parts.
- Ausubel model which focuses on verbal learning and meaning-making.
- Gagne model which identifies 5 types of learning and 9 levels of instruction.
- Bruner model which sees learning progressing from physical actions to images to symbolic thought.
Constructivism views learning as a self-regulated process where learners build on prior knowledge through active participation and social interaction. It encourages learner-centered activities and collaborative work.
Behaviorism theory of learning
Behaviorism theory proposes that all learning is based on conditioning responses to external stimuli. Key founders include John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov, and B.F. Skinner. Their work established that learning occurs through reinforcement or punishment in response to stimuli, without consideration of internal mental processes. Teachers can apply behaviorism by using positive and negative reinforcement, testing specific skills, and focusing on individual work over group learning.
Social Constructivism by Lev Vygotsky
Lev Vygotsky's social constructivist theory posits that culture provides cognitive tools like language and social context that influence cognitive development. According to this view, knowledge is constructed through social interactions and cultural influences. Effective social constructivist teaching strategies include collaborative learning, situated or anchored learning activities, and problem-solving approaches that engage students in realistic scenarios.
Cognitivism ( Piaget and Vigotsky)
Piaget's theory of cognitive development consists of 4 stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. Children progress through these stages as they develop new cognitive abilities like object permanence, language skills, logic, and hypothetical thinking. Piaget believed cognitive development occurs through assimilation and accommodation as children interact with the world. Vygotsky emphasized the social aspects of learning and proposed the zone of proximal development, describing what children can achieve with guidance versus alone. Both theorists contributed to understanding how children's thinking develops through interacting with their environment.
Cognitive learning theory
Cognitive learning theory views learning as an active internal process involving how information is processed, stored, and retrieved. It focuses on how students think, process information, and apply knowledge. Key aspects include starting lessons with prior knowledge, relating new ideas to existing understanding, using visual aids, and giving students opportunities to actively problem solve. Strengths are improving problem solving and motivation, while weaknesses include difficulty measuring cognitive awareness in individual students. Cognitive classrooms emphasize comprehension, group work, vocabulary over pronunciation, and using the native language to facilitate fluency.
Comparison between behaviorist theory and cognitivist theory
Behaviorism sees learning as the acquisition of behaviors through environmental conditioning and reinforcement. Cognitivism views learning as a conscious process involving mental strategies and reasoning. Behaviorism focuses on observable behaviors while Cognitivism examines internal mental processes. Both theories emphasize the role of environmental factors and practice with feedback in facilitating learning, though they differ in their level of analysis of the learning process.
Cognitive learning
Cognitive learning theory focuses on how people think and process information. Key aspects include that learning is an active process where learners construct their own understanding, and that mental processes like observing and categorizing are important. Theorists discussed include Piaget, who identified stages of cognitive development, Bruner, who described modes of thinking, and Ausubel, who emphasized meaningful learning by relating new concepts to prior knowledge. The theory emphasizes giving learners opportunities to actively engage with and make sense of new information.
Jerome bruner learning theory
1. Jerome Bruner was an influential American psychologist who developed theories of cognitive development and learning.
2. Bruner believed that learning is an active process where learners construct new ideas based on existing knowledge through a spiral curriculum.
3. He proposed three stages of cognitive development - enactive (learning by doing), iconic (learning by representing), and symbolic (learning through abstract thinking) - and recommended instruction use a combination of concrete, pictorial, and symbolic representations.
Cognitive Theory
Cognitive theory views thinking, decision making, and remembering as underlying behaviors. It focuses on how people think, understand, and acquire knowledge. Key cognitive theorists discussed include Paivio with his dual coding theory of verbal and nonverbal processing, Gagne with his learning hierarchies and instruction model, Gardner with his theory of multiple intelligences, and Bloom with his taxonomy of learning domains. Teachers can apply cognitive theory through expository teaching, meaningful learning connections, and dual coding with text and images. Students use memory and existing knowledge to organize and retain new information.
B.f.skinner behaviorist theory
B.F. Skinner was an influential American psychologist who developed the theory of behaviorism. Behaviorism views human behavior as responses to environmental stimuli and is learned through reinforcement or punishment. Skinner argued that behavior is shaped by consequences and that understanding behavior means examining relationships between actions and their effects. Key aspects of Skinner's theory included operant conditioning, the use of reinforcement to increase behaviors, and the view that language is learned through parental positive reinforcement of children's vocalizations. While behaviorism was influential, Skinner's theories were also criticized for overgeneralizing from limited experiments and not explaining more complex behaviors.
Cognitivism
Cognitivism views learning as involving mental processes and symbolic mental constructs. Key figures who contributed to cognitivism include Piaget, who studied child development in stages, and Vygotsky, who believed concepts are formed socially then individually and that culture determines development. Cognitivism holds that learning is measured by what learners know rather than what they do, and that memory plays a key role in organizing and retrieving information for learning to occur.
Constructivism
Constructivism is a learning theory that suggests people actively construct their own understanding and knowledge through experiences and reflecting on those experiences. Key founders of constructivism include Jean Piaget and John Dewey. According to constructivism, learning involves a process of assimilation of new information and accommodation or adjustment of existing knowledge. Constructivism emphasizes hands-on, active learning and problem solving over rote memorization. It suggests learning occurs through collaboration and social interaction.
Gagne learning theory
Robert Gagné was an educational psychologist known for his theory of instruction called the "Conditions of Learning". He studied how learning objectives relate to instructional design. Gagné identified 9 types or levels of learning - signal learning, stimulus-response learning, chaining, verbal association, discrimination learning, concept learning, rule learning, problem solving, and attitudes. Each type of learning requires different instructional events and conditions to be effectively taught.
Behaviorism Theory of Learning
The document discusses the behaviorist theory of learning. [1] Behaviorism assumes that learning is influenced by environmental stimuli and responses are reinforced through positive and negative consequences. [2] Important behaviorist theorists include Ivan Pavlov, who studied classical conditioning in dogs, and B.F. Skinner, who developed operant conditioning using reinforcement and punishment. [3] Teachers can apply behaviorist principles by breaking tasks into small steps, providing clear instructions, and using positive reinforcement.
The cognitivist theory
The Cognitivist Theory views learning as an active process that occurs in the mind. It sees the mind as operating like a computer, where information is processed, leading to outcomes. Key aspects of the theory include:
- Learning involves inner mental activities like thinking, memory, and knowing.
- Knowledge is constructed based on personal experiences and mental processing of information.
- Prominent cognitivists who contributed to the theory include Howard Gardner, Benjamin Bloom, Allan Paivio, and Robert Gagne.
Jerome Bruner and Constructivism
Jerome Bruner was an American psychologist born in 1915 who received his PhD from Harvard. He is known for developing discovery learning and constructivist learning theories. Some key principles of Bruner's theory include that any subject can be taught effectively in some form to any learner, and that learning should involve active engagement through different modes of representation including enactive, iconic, and symbolic. Bruner believed learning is an active process in which students construct new ideas based upon their current and past knowledge through discovery and interaction.
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Comparison between behaviorist theory and cognitivist theory
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Theory of learning
Teaching and learning involve complex processes. The document discusses several theories that have influenced views of language acquisition, including behaviorism, cognitive theory, Gestalt psychology, the Monitor Model, and Information Processing Model. It also outlines key aspects of each theory, such as the role of reinforcement, imitation, internal mental processes, holistic perception, and the differences between acquisition and learning.
theories of learning PPT very nice good amazing excellent beautiful
This PPT is about theories of learning.
Week 9 LIN101
1. The document discusses different learning theories including behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism.
2. Behaviorism views learning as occurring through reinforcement and punishment, cognitivism sees it as information processing and storage, and constructivism considers learning as constructing knowledge based on experiences.
3. Different learning theories inform different approaches to teaching, with behaviorism using reinforcement, cognitivism focusing on rehearsal, and constructivism emphasizing group collaboration and exploration.
theories of learning.ppt
Here is a draft writeup on learning theories following your suggested outline:
Year:
The major learning theories discussed and developed from the late 19th century to present.
Propounders:
Behaviorism - Ivan Pavlov, Edward Thorndike, B.F. Skinner
Cognitivism - Jerome Bruner, Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky
Constructivism - Jerome Bruner, Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky, John Dewey
Humanism - Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers
Connectivism - George Siemens, Stephen Downes
Transformative Learning - Jack Mezirow
Social Learning Theory - Albert Bandura
Experiential Learning Theory
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Cognitivism
- 1. COGNITIVISM or ‘our learning style is equivalent to our age’ FALL 2011 M.C. Rafael Alberto Velasco Argente
- 2. Definition Cognitivism is a theory who follows and completes Behaviorism. It is based on the idea that not only the experience is necessary for learning, but the mental processes are a primary concern, too. There are 4 foundations for Cognitivism: ◦ Gestalt’s Theory ◦ Broadbents’information processing model ◦ Artifitial Intelligence by Newell and Simon ◦ Linguistics by Noam Chomsky
- 3. Foundation Gestalt’s: ◦ Learning is regular and constant by means of trial-error. Broadbents’: ◦ Three main stages in which the information is operated on: sensory memory, short-term memory (temporary working memory), and long-term memory
- 5. Foundation Linguistics
- 6. Foundation Piagets’ ◦ Assimilation ◦ Accomodation ◦ Equilibration Stages of Skill Acquisition (ACT-R Model) ◦ Cognitive ◦ Associative ◦ Autonomous
- 7. Foundation--Schemas Characteristics of schema Rumelhart and Norman (1983) list five characteristics of schema: ◦ Schema represents knowledge of all kinds from simple to complex. ◦ Schema can be linked together into related systems. ◦ A schema has slots which may be filled with fixed, compulsory values or with variable, optional values. ◦ Schema incorporates all the different kinds of knowledge we have accumulated, including both generalizations derived from our personal experience and facts we have been taught. ◦ Various schemata at different levels may be activity engaged in reorganizing and interpreting new inputs. Winn and Snyder (1996) also described the characteristics of a schema as follows: ◦ Schema as Memory Structure ◦ Schema as Abstraction ◦ Schema as Network ◦ Schema as Context
- 9. Objectives Goal: ◦ The main goal of Cognitivism, is to create an individual who learns through mental mechanisms who ables him to recreate and adapt their behaviour in different situations. Purpose: ◦ The students are able to use their mental processes to apply previously stored and modified knowledge into situations who will be at the same time input and, therefore, learning.
- 10. Approach As Cognitivism is a complement of behaviorism, the mechanistic, or organicist approaches might be used for this theory, with the same advantages and disadvantages mentioned in the behaviorism. The main change is that the approaches are not based on the behavior but in the mental systems of learning.
- 11. Role of the Teacher and the Students Teacher: ◦ Teacher must be careful with all the input he decides to use in the class. Every action he makes has to be thought in matters in how this will be stored in the mind of the student and how it will affect the future learning of the individual. Students: ◦ The role of the students starts with full attention on the teacher, the materials and other peers to create schemas and associations.
- 12. Role of the materials. Materials: ◦ Input ◦ Constant (unconsciously repetitive) ◦ They must create an impact ◦ They have to follow a sequence ◦ They have to be realistic