The document summarizes the history, chemical structure, biosynthesis, functions, disease treatments, efficacy data, recommended dosages, forms, and regulations of coenzyme Q10. It was first isolated in 1957 and its structure determined in 1958. It plays a key role in ATP synthesis as an antioxidant, and research shows benefits for heart disease, hypertension, and Parkinson's. Doses range from 30-100mg depending on the condition. It is considered a dietary supplement under DSHEA and cannot claim to treat or cure diseases.
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a vitamin-like substance present in cells that is involved in energy production. It was first discovered in 1957 and plays a key role in the electron transport chain in mitochondria to generate energy in the form of ATP. CoQ10 levels can decrease with age or with statin use, and taking CoQ10 supplements along with statins may reduce side effects while maintaining cardio protection. Clinical studies have shown improvements in cardiac function and symptoms in heart failure patients taking CoQ10 supplements.
Coenzyme Q10, also known as ubiquinone, is an essential cofactor in the body's electron transport chain and is important for energy production. It exists in three forms - oxidized, semiquinone, and reduced - and functions as an antioxidant. Dietary sources include meats, soybean oil, and broccoli. CoQ10 levels are reduced in many diseases and it has shown benefits for heart health, hypertension, and gum disease. Absorption is enhanced when taken with fat and statin drugs can lower CoQ10 levels. While it has an excellent safety profile, it may interact with warfarin and anthracyclines. Typical supplemental dosages range from 100-200mg daily
Coenzyme Q10 (COQ10) is an essential vitamin-like substance that has important antioxidant and energy-producing properties. It supports cardiovascular and organ health. COQ10 fights free radicals, aids heart health, and increases energy. Good sources of COQ10 include meats like beef and fish. Vegetables such as broccoli and spinach also contain COQ10. If dietary sources are not enough, supplements provide an effective way to increase COQ10 intake.
Coenzyme Q10 is a lipid-soluble antioxidant that is synthesized in the body and functions as a cofactor in ATP synthesis. It accepts and donates electrons during oxidative phosphorylation and also acts as an antioxidant. Due to its roles in energy production and antioxidant properties, Coenzyme Q10 supplementation has shown promise in treating cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and diabetes, though more research is still needed to validate its therapeutic benefits.
A STUDY ON QOL & EFFECTOF COQ10 IN PCOSHeena Parveen
The document summarizes a study on quality of life and the effect of CoQ10 in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. It describes the objectives, methodology, and results of the study. The study involved 40 PCOS patients divided into two groups - one treated with standard medication and the other treated with CoQ10. Various quality of life and clinical parameters were assessed before and after treatment and compared between the two groups. The results suggest CoQ10 may help improve quality of life and clinical outcomes in PCOS patients.
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a naturally occurring substance in the body that acts as an antioxidant. It is involved in energy production for cells and protects cells from damage. Research shows CoQ10 may help treat conditions like heart disease and Parkinson's disease by improving heart and immune function. Typical doses range from 100-200mg per day, though higher doses may be needed for certain conditions. CoQ10 supplements are commonly used in pets for heart health. Sources listed numerous studies on CoQ10's benefits for conditions like heart failure and its ability to slow progression of Parkinson's disease.
Food as Medicine: CoQ10. History of CoQ10, Synthesis, functions, bioavailability, effect of age and drugs on tissue concentration, use of CoQ10 on heart failure and hypertension, dosage, side effects, recommended dose, food sources.
L-carnitine plays a critical role in transporting long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria where they are oxidized to produce energy. It is produced in the liver and kidneys from amino acids but is also obtained through meat consumption. L-carnitine supplementation may benefit male infertility, aging, physical performance, end-stage renal disease, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and peripheral arterial disease. Side effects are mild but include nausea and "fishy" odor and it may interact with blood thinners.
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a vitamin-like substance present in cells that is involved in energy production. It was first discovered in 1957 and plays a key role in the electron transport chain in mitochondria to generate energy in the form of ATP. CoQ10 levels can decrease with age or with statin use, and taking CoQ10 supplements along with statins may reduce side effects while maintaining cardio protection. Clinical studies have shown improvements in cardiac function and symptoms in heart failure patients taking CoQ10 supplements.
Coenzyme Q10, also known as ubiquinone, is an essential cofactor in the body's electron transport chain and is important for energy production. It exists in three forms - oxidized, semiquinone, and reduced - and functions as an antioxidant. Dietary sources include meats, soybean oil, and broccoli. CoQ10 levels are reduced in many diseases and it has shown benefits for heart health, hypertension, and gum disease. Absorption is enhanced when taken with fat and statin drugs can lower CoQ10 levels. While it has an excellent safety profile, it may interact with warfarin and anthracyclines. Typical supplemental dosages range from 100-200mg daily
Coenzyme Q10 (COQ10) is an essential vitamin-like substance that has important antioxidant and energy-producing properties. It supports cardiovascular and organ health. COQ10 fights free radicals, aids heart health, and increases energy. Good sources of COQ10 include meats like beef and fish. Vegetables such as broccoli and spinach also contain COQ10. If dietary sources are not enough, supplements provide an effective way to increase COQ10 intake.
Coenzyme Q10 is a lipid-soluble antioxidant that is synthesized in the body and functions as a cofactor in ATP synthesis. It accepts and donates electrons during oxidative phosphorylation and also acts as an antioxidant. Due to its roles in energy production and antioxidant properties, Coenzyme Q10 supplementation has shown promise in treating cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and diabetes, though more research is still needed to validate its therapeutic benefits.
A STUDY ON QOL & EFFECTOF COQ10 IN PCOSHeena Parveen
The document summarizes a study on quality of life and the effect of CoQ10 in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. It describes the objectives, methodology, and results of the study. The study involved 40 PCOS patients divided into two groups - one treated with standard medication and the other treated with CoQ10. Various quality of life and clinical parameters were assessed before and after treatment and compared between the two groups. The results suggest CoQ10 may help improve quality of life and clinical outcomes in PCOS patients.
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a naturally occurring substance in the body that acts as an antioxidant. It is involved in energy production for cells and protects cells from damage. Research shows CoQ10 may help treat conditions like heart disease and Parkinson's disease by improving heart and immune function. Typical doses range from 100-200mg per day, though higher doses may be needed for certain conditions. CoQ10 supplements are commonly used in pets for heart health. Sources listed numerous studies on CoQ10's benefits for conditions like heart failure and its ability to slow progression of Parkinson's disease.
Food as Medicine: CoQ10. History of CoQ10, Synthesis, functions, bioavailability, effect of age and drugs on tissue concentration, use of CoQ10 on heart failure and hypertension, dosage, side effects, recommended dose, food sources.
L-carnitine plays a critical role in transporting long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria where they are oxidized to produce energy. It is produced in the liver and kidneys from amino acids but is also obtained through meat consumption. L-carnitine supplementation may benefit male infertility, aging, physical performance, end-stage renal disease, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and peripheral arterial disease. Side effects are mild but include nausea and "fishy" odor and it may interact with blood thinners.
Folic acid and vitamin B9, is one of the B vitamins.The recommended daily intake level of folate is 400 micrograms from foods or dietary supplements.Folic acid is used to treat anemia caused by folic acid deficiency.It is also used as a supplement by women during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects (NTDs) in the baby.
Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) is an organo-sulfur compound derived from caprylic acid that is made naturally in animals and is essential for aerobic metabolism. ALA supplements may help lower blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes and reduce symptoms of nerve damage caused by diabetes. While humans produce small amounts of ALA, many consume it through certain foods or supplements to optimize its antioxidant properties which are linked to benefits like lower inflammation and improved nerve function.
Vitamin E is a group of compounds called tocopherols and tocotrienols that are fat-soluble antioxidants. Alpha-tocopherol is the most biologically active form. Vitamin E protects cell membranes from oxidation by reacting with free radicals. It is absorbed with dietary fat and transported throughout the body associated with lipoproteins. The main function of vitamin E is its antioxidant role in preventing lipid peroxidation and protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids. Recommended daily intake is 10-15 mg but requirements may increase during pregnancy and lactation. Rich dietary sources include vegetable oils. Deficiency can occur in premature infants and those with fat malabsorption issues.
Vitamin K2 - Connecting Bone and Heart HealthppmIngredients
The document discusses vitamin K2 and its role in bone and heart health. It provides information on osteoporosis prevalence and fractures. It explains how vitamin K2 activates proteins involved in calcium binding and bone mineralization, as well as inhibits arterial calcification. Data is presented showing risks of cardiovascular events and mortality are reduced with higher vitamin K2 intake. Sources of K1 and different forms of K2 are outlined, with MK-7 highlighted as having the best bioavailability and potential for protein activation. Quality aspects of MK-7 supplements are also covered.
L methylfolate The New face of Folic AcidGul Nawaz
Folate, also known as vitamin B9, is a water-soluble vitamin found naturally in foods like leafy greens, fruits, beans and whole grains. It is essential for numerous bodily functions like DNA synthesis and repair. A lack of folate can cause health issues like megaloblastic anemia and neural tube defects in developing embryos. Symptoms of deficiency include diarrhea, weakness, nerve damage and cognitive declines. Anencephaly and spina bifida are neural tube defects where the brain and spinal cord do not properly form. Taking folic acid supplements before and during early pregnancy can help reduce the risk of spina bifida and other neural tube defects in babies. L-methylfolate is a biologically
Recent Advances in Obesity PharmacotherapyShreya Gupta
This document summarizes recent advances in obesity, including potential new drug targets. It discusses drugs currently in development like tesofensine, setmelanotide, semaglutide, and velneperitide that act on targets such as serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake, melanocortin receptors, GLP-1 receptors, and neuropeptide Y receptors. The document also mentions exploring cannabinoid type 1 receptor blockers with limited brain penetration to avoid the psychiatric side effects that led to previous drugs being withdrawn.
Review article - Nutraceuticals and Functional foods in the management of art...DANIEL AYINE NYAABA, RD
This paper is a review of the evidence supporting the use of nutraceuticals and functional foods in the management of arthritis.Arthritis refers to different joint disease conditions. Arthritis is very prevalent. It is one of the most common chronic diseases and a main cause of disability and work limitations. Osteoarthritis (OA) and Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are the most widespread and disabling form of joint chronic illness affecting mostly older people. There is no cure for arthritis and palliative care is used to alleviate the pain and discomfort caused by these conditions. Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are mostly used by persons with arthritis to relief pain and discomfort associated with the disease. Most of these drugs however are associated with detrimental and undesirable side effects. This suggests the need for an alternative and reliable form of treatment; although the lack of cure reinforces the need for prevention.
Some nutraceuticals and functional foods have proven effective for managing and/or preventing arthritic complications. The common ones include Glucosamine and/or Chondroitin sulphate, Aflapin and 5-Loxin, S-Adenosyl Methionine (SAMe), Probiotics, Vitamins and Mineral supplements, some Plant and Animal Extracts, Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) among others.
Calcium is essential for bone health, especially in infants. Breastfeeding provides optimal calcium, but lactating mothers can experience bone loss. The document presents a brand plan for a calcium supplement called MotherCal, positioned for lactating mothers. It highlights that MotherCal contains calcium citrate, which is better absorbed than carbonate, and also includes phosphate and vitamin D for bone health. Statistics show low rates of exclusive breastfeeding in India and need to support lactating mothers' bone health. The plan includes promotional materials to educate about breastfeeding and launch MotherCal.
This document introduces Chemist Laboratories Ltd.'s new calcium supplement product called Easycal. Easycal contains calcium orotate which assists in better calcium absorption than other forms like calcium carbonate. It is indicated for conditions like osteoporosis and calcium deficiency. The document discusses Easycal's mechanism of action, clinical studies supporting its efficacy, dosage, competitors in the market, pricing strategy, sales objectives, and promotional plan to physicians.
Alpha lipoic acid supplement reviews and information consumer-labSenthilkumaranVadive1
Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) supplements may improve insulin sensitivity, blood sugar control, and reduce neuropathy symptoms in people with diabetes. ALA also shows promise for aiding weight loss when combined with a low-calorie diet.
Many ALA supplements passed quality testing for label accuracy and lack of contamination. Top picks include Vitacost ALA 300mg and Natrol ALA 600mg ER, providing ALA for just 3 cents per 100mg. R-isomer only forms like Jarrow Formulas cost more but studies only used mixed isomers. While the R-isomer is most active, mixed isomers provide 50% R-isomer at lower cost. No trials prove the benefit of R-isomer only
Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) is a metabolic antioxidant that aids in energy production and reduces oxidative stress. It helps treat diabetes by improving insulin sensitivity and reducing neuropathy symptoms. ALA also enhances the effects of other antioxidants like vitamins C and E. It may help manage blood sugar levels and has potential benefits for skin health, detoxification, and types of glaucoma.
Recent updates about Vitamin D (sunshine vitamin) & bone health. Co-testing of vitamin D(25-OH vitamin D) along with PTH is a scientific, holistic approach for diagnosis & monitoring of vitamin D deficiency.
This document discusses vitamin D deficiency in India. It provides the following key points:
1. More than 80% of adults in India do not get enough vitamin D, despite India's sunny climate, due to factors like skin pigmentation and low dietary intake.
2. The most common disorders caused by vitamin D deficiency in India are osteomalacia and rickets, which are bone diseases characterized by softening of the bones.
3. Good food sources of vitamin D include cod liver oil, fatty fish like salmon and tuna, and fortified foods like milk, cereal and orange juice. However, dietary intake of vitamin D is still low for most Indians.
Vitamin D is an essential vitamin that must be metabolized to become biologically active. It plays an important role in calcium homeostasis, bone and muscle health, immune function, and the regulation of cell growth. The best indicator of vitamin D status is the measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the blood, as it reflects vitamin D from dietary intake and sunlight exposure. Low vitamin D levels have been associated with increased risk of various chronic diseases. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to impaired bone mineralization and increased fracture risk.
Palmitoylethanolamide in the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain Sudhir Kumar
Neuropathic pain is quite common. It is associated with severe disability and adversely affects the quality of life of sufferers. Current treatment options for neuropathic are not very effective. Moreover, they are associated with significant adverse effects. A new naturally occurring substance- PALMITOYLETHANOLAMIDE (PEA)- has been found to be effective and safe in treating neuropathic pain. The current presentation looks at the efficacy of PEA in neuropathic pain.
Folic acid and vitamin B12 are water soluble vitamins that act as cofactors in one-carbon transfer reactions in the body. Folic acid is found in leafy greens, cereals, and eggs. It is absorbed in the small intestine and transported to the liver. The active form, tetrahydrofolate, carries one-carbon groups and is involved in synthesis of nucleotides and amino acids. Vitamin B12 is found in liver and dairy. Its active forms, methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin, are required for methylation reactions and conversion of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA. Deficiencies can cause megaloblastic anemia and neurological disorders due
Vitamin E refers to a group of compounds that function as antioxidants. It has several important biological functions, including as an antioxidant that protects cell membranes and as a regulator of enzymes and gene expression. The main dietary sources of vitamin E include various oils, nuts, and green leafy vegetables. While vitamin E deficiency can cause neurological and muscular issues, the recommended daily intake helps prevent deficiency.
L-arginine is a semi-essential amino acid that plays an important role in nitric oxide production. Nitric oxide is involved in vascular regulation, immune activity, and other physiological processes. While humans can synthesize L-arginine, dietary intake is important for maintaining adequate plasma levels. L-arginine supplementation has been studied for conditions like hypertension, preeclampsia, erectile dysfunction, and more due to its role in nitric oxide production and vasodilation. Studies have found L-arginine reduces risks of preeclampsia and preterm birth in at-risk women. Further research is still needed but L-arginine may help prevent and treat preeclampsia. Typical effective doses range from 1
Vitamins as coenzymes, different forms and deficiency disorders Lovnish Thakur
Vitamins are organic compounds which are needed in small quantities to sustain life.
Get from food, because the human body either does not produce enough of them, or none at all
This document discusses co-enzymes and their functions. It defines co-factors as non-protein components that assist enzymes in biochemical transformations, and can be organic or inorganic. Organic co-factors include vitamins like NAD+, Coenzyme A, and flavin mononucleotide. Inorganic co-factors include metal ions like copper, iron, and magnesium. Co-enzymes are loosely bound co-factors that transport groups between enzymes, and include NAD+, Coenzyme A, flavin adenine dinucleotide, and adenosine triphosphate. Specific examples of enzymes requiring various co-enzymes are provided.
Folic acid and vitamin B9, is one of the B vitamins.The recommended daily intake level of folate is 400 micrograms from foods or dietary supplements.Folic acid is used to treat anemia caused by folic acid deficiency.It is also used as a supplement by women during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects (NTDs) in the baby.
Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) is an organo-sulfur compound derived from caprylic acid that is made naturally in animals and is essential for aerobic metabolism. ALA supplements may help lower blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes and reduce symptoms of nerve damage caused by diabetes. While humans produce small amounts of ALA, many consume it through certain foods or supplements to optimize its antioxidant properties which are linked to benefits like lower inflammation and improved nerve function.
Vitamin E is a group of compounds called tocopherols and tocotrienols that are fat-soluble antioxidants. Alpha-tocopherol is the most biologically active form. Vitamin E protects cell membranes from oxidation by reacting with free radicals. It is absorbed with dietary fat and transported throughout the body associated with lipoproteins. The main function of vitamin E is its antioxidant role in preventing lipid peroxidation and protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids. Recommended daily intake is 10-15 mg but requirements may increase during pregnancy and lactation. Rich dietary sources include vegetable oils. Deficiency can occur in premature infants and those with fat malabsorption issues.
Vitamin K2 - Connecting Bone and Heart HealthppmIngredients
The document discusses vitamin K2 and its role in bone and heart health. It provides information on osteoporosis prevalence and fractures. It explains how vitamin K2 activates proteins involved in calcium binding and bone mineralization, as well as inhibits arterial calcification. Data is presented showing risks of cardiovascular events and mortality are reduced with higher vitamin K2 intake. Sources of K1 and different forms of K2 are outlined, with MK-7 highlighted as having the best bioavailability and potential for protein activation. Quality aspects of MK-7 supplements are also covered.
L methylfolate The New face of Folic AcidGul Nawaz
Folate, also known as vitamin B9, is a water-soluble vitamin found naturally in foods like leafy greens, fruits, beans and whole grains. It is essential for numerous bodily functions like DNA synthesis and repair. A lack of folate can cause health issues like megaloblastic anemia and neural tube defects in developing embryos. Symptoms of deficiency include diarrhea, weakness, nerve damage and cognitive declines. Anencephaly and spina bifida are neural tube defects where the brain and spinal cord do not properly form. Taking folic acid supplements before and during early pregnancy can help reduce the risk of spina bifida and other neural tube defects in babies. L-methylfolate is a biologically
Recent Advances in Obesity PharmacotherapyShreya Gupta
This document summarizes recent advances in obesity, including potential new drug targets. It discusses drugs currently in development like tesofensine, setmelanotide, semaglutide, and velneperitide that act on targets such as serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake, melanocortin receptors, GLP-1 receptors, and neuropeptide Y receptors. The document also mentions exploring cannabinoid type 1 receptor blockers with limited brain penetration to avoid the psychiatric side effects that led to previous drugs being withdrawn.
Review article - Nutraceuticals and Functional foods in the management of art...DANIEL AYINE NYAABA, RD
This paper is a review of the evidence supporting the use of nutraceuticals and functional foods in the management of arthritis.Arthritis refers to different joint disease conditions. Arthritis is very prevalent. It is one of the most common chronic diseases and a main cause of disability and work limitations. Osteoarthritis (OA) and Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are the most widespread and disabling form of joint chronic illness affecting mostly older people. There is no cure for arthritis and palliative care is used to alleviate the pain and discomfort caused by these conditions. Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are mostly used by persons with arthritis to relief pain and discomfort associated with the disease. Most of these drugs however are associated with detrimental and undesirable side effects. This suggests the need for an alternative and reliable form of treatment; although the lack of cure reinforces the need for prevention.
Some nutraceuticals and functional foods have proven effective for managing and/or preventing arthritic complications. The common ones include Glucosamine and/or Chondroitin sulphate, Aflapin and 5-Loxin, S-Adenosyl Methionine (SAMe), Probiotics, Vitamins and Mineral supplements, some Plant and Animal Extracts, Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) among others.
Calcium is essential for bone health, especially in infants. Breastfeeding provides optimal calcium, but lactating mothers can experience bone loss. The document presents a brand plan for a calcium supplement called MotherCal, positioned for lactating mothers. It highlights that MotherCal contains calcium citrate, which is better absorbed than carbonate, and also includes phosphate and vitamin D for bone health. Statistics show low rates of exclusive breastfeeding in India and need to support lactating mothers' bone health. The plan includes promotional materials to educate about breastfeeding and launch MotherCal.
This document introduces Chemist Laboratories Ltd.'s new calcium supplement product called Easycal. Easycal contains calcium orotate which assists in better calcium absorption than other forms like calcium carbonate. It is indicated for conditions like osteoporosis and calcium deficiency. The document discusses Easycal's mechanism of action, clinical studies supporting its efficacy, dosage, competitors in the market, pricing strategy, sales objectives, and promotional plan to physicians.
Alpha lipoic acid supplement reviews and information consumer-labSenthilkumaranVadive1
Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) supplements may improve insulin sensitivity, blood sugar control, and reduce neuropathy symptoms in people with diabetes. ALA also shows promise for aiding weight loss when combined with a low-calorie diet.
Many ALA supplements passed quality testing for label accuracy and lack of contamination. Top picks include Vitacost ALA 300mg and Natrol ALA 600mg ER, providing ALA for just 3 cents per 100mg. R-isomer only forms like Jarrow Formulas cost more but studies only used mixed isomers. While the R-isomer is most active, mixed isomers provide 50% R-isomer at lower cost. No trials prove the benefit of R-isomer only
Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) is a metabolic antioxidant that aids in energy production and reduces oxidative stress. It helps treat diabetes by improving insulin sensitivity and reducing neuropathy symptoms. ALA also enhances the effects of other antioxidants like vitamins C and E. It may help manage blood sugar levels and has potential benefits for skin health, detoxification, and types of glaucoma.
Recent updates about Vitamin D (sunshine vitamin) & bone health. Co-testing of vitamin D(25-OH vitamin D) along with PTH is a scientific, holistic approach for diagnosis & monitoring of vitamin D deficiency.
This document discusses vitamin D deficiency in India. It provides the following key points:
1. More than 80% of adults in India do not get enough vitamin D, despite India's sunny climate, due to factors like skin pigmentation and low dietary intake.
2. The most common disorders caused by vitamin D deficiency in India are osteomalacia and rickets, which are bone diseases characterized by softening of the bones.
3. Good food sources of vitamin D include cod liver oil, fatty fish like salmon and tuna, and fortified foods like milk, cereal and orange juice. However, dietary intake of vitamin D is still low for most Indians.
Vitamin D is an essential vitamin that must be metabolized to become biologically active. It plays an important role in calcium homeostasis, bone and muscle health, immune function, and the regulation of cell growth. The best indicator of vitamin D status is the measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the blood, as it reflects vitamin D from dietary intake and sunlight exposure. Low vitamin D levels have been associated with increased risk of various chronic diseases. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to impaired bone mineralization and increased fracture risk.
Palmitoylethanolamide in the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain Sudhir Kumar
Neuropathic pain is quite common. It is associated with severe disability and adversely affects the quality of life of sufferers. Current treatment options for neuropathic are not very effective. Moreover, they are associated with significant adverse effects. A new naturally occurring substance- PALMITOYLETHANOLAMIDE (PEA)- has been found to be effective and safe in treating neuropathic pain. The current presentation looks at the efficacy of PEA in neuropathic pain.
Folic acid and vitamin B12 are water soluble vitamins that act as cofactors in one-carbon transfer reactions in the body. Folic acid is found in leafy greens, cereals, and eggs. It is absorbed in the small intestine and transported to the liver. The active form, tetrahydrofolate, carries one-carbon groups and is involved in synthesis of nucleotides and amino acids. Vitamin B12 is found in liver and dairy. Its active forms, methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin, are required for methylation reactions and conversion of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA. Deficiencies can cause megaloblastic anemia and neurological disorders due
Vitamin E refers to a group of compounds that function as antioxidants. It has several important biological functions, including as an antioxidant that protects cell membranes and as a regulator of enzymes and gene expression. The main dietary sources of vitamin E include various oils, nuts, and green leafy vegetables. While vitamin E deficiency can cause neurological and muscular issues, the recommended daily intake helps prevent deficiency.
L-arginine is a semi-essential amino acid that plays an important role in nitric oxide production. Nitric oxide is involved in vascular regulation, immune activity, and other physiological processes. While humans can synthesize L-arginine, dietary intake is important for maintaining adequate plasma levels. L-arginine supplementation has been studied for conditions like hypertension, preeclampsia, erectile dysfunction, and more due to its role in nitric oxide production and vasodilation. Studies have found L-arginine reduces risks of preeclampsia and preterm birth in at-risk women. Further research is still needed but L-arginine may help prevent and treat preeclampsia. Typical effective doses range from 1
Vitamins as coenzymes, different forms and deficiency disorders Lovnish Thakur
Vitamins are organic compounds which are needed in small quantities to sustain life.
Get from food, because the human body either does not produce enough of them, or none at all
This document discusses co-enzymes and their functions. It defines co-factors as non-protein components that assist enzymes in biochemical transformations, and can be organic or inorganic. Organic co-factors include vitamins like NAD+, Coenzyme A, and flavin mononucleotide. Inorganic co-factors include metal ions like copper, iron, and magnesium. Co-enzymes are loosely bound co-factors that transport groups between enzymes, and include NAD+, Coenzyme A, flavin adenine dinucleotide, and adenosine triphosphate. Specific examples of enzymes requiring various co-enzymes are provided.
Tuberculosis A lesson for junior studentssmdildar87
Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that can affect many parts of the body, but is mainly found in the lungs. It has infected humans for over 7,000 years. Symptoms may include cough, sputum, blood in sputum, chest pain, and fever. Diagnosis involves tests to find the bacteria such as smears, cultures, PCR, and chest imaging. Treatment requires a multi-drug regimen over a period of 6-9 months. Prognosis is generally good with proper treatment, but factors like drug resistance or HIV infection can worsen the outcome. Management is based on guidelines and involves intensive and maintenance treatment periods with first and second line drug combinations.
1) La tuberculosis es una enfermedad causada por la bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis que afecta principalmente los pulmones.
2) En 2001 se reportaron más de 3.8 millones de casos nuevos de tuberculosis a nivel mundial, de los cuales el 90% provenían de países en desarrollo.
3) Los factores de riesgo para contraer tuberculosis incluyen diabetes, estados inmunológicos comprometidos, alcoholismo crónico y enfermedades virales.
This document discusses life threatening hemoptysis (LTH), including causes, evaluation, management, and treatment options. Common causes of LTH include infections like tuberculosis, tumors, cardiovascular issues, and trauma. Evaluation involves clinical history, physical exam, imaging like chest X-ray, and bronchoscopy. Management includes stabilizing the patient, identifying the bleeding source, and treating the underlying condition medically or surgically if stable and feasible. Bronchial artery embolization may help control bleeding but has risks. Drugs may help in some specific cases.
Are you giving your body everything it needs to function properly? Check out this quick reference guide from Vita Living to learn how to enhance your daily diet with vitamins, supplements and other natural health products.
The document discusses gluten sensitivity, presenting case studies of patients who experienced symptoms like dizziness and abdominal pain but tested negative for celiac disease. It summarizes debates around whether gluten sensitivity is a real condition or whether patients' symptoms are psychosomatic. The document also outlines emerging definitions and diagnostic criteria for gluten sensitivity, differences from celiac disease, and recommendations for further research.
This document provides an overview of enzymes and enzyme kinetics. It discusses how enzymes were discovered to catalyze reactions through the work of Buchner and Pasteur. It also describes Michaelis-Menten kinetics and how enzyme activity is affected by factors like temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and inhibitors. Different types of inhibition - competitive, noncompetitive, and irreversible - are explained. Finally, it briefly introduces enzyme-linked cell surface receptors and common features of receptor serine/threonine kinases and receptor tyrosine kinases.
If you have chronic fatigue, aches and pains, fibromyalgia, depression or any other non-specific symptoms that your conventional medical doctor has been having a difficult time solving, you may have Adrenal Fatigue. Dr. Vivian DeNise, Integrative Physician at Patients Medical and Elisa Haggarty of Culinary Farmacy explain what Adrenal Fatigue is, why it happens, what foods can help you feel more balanced and how to treat it naturally, safely and effectively.
This document reviews pulmonary diseases including COPD, asthma, and tuberculosis. It describes COPD as consisting of chronic bronchitis and emphysema, both causing difficulty exhaling air. Asthma is defined as a chronic inflammatory lung disease causing recurrent breathing issues. Tuberculosis is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, which primarily attacks the lungs. It can spread through airborne droplets when coughing or sneezing. The document outlines symptoms, diagnostic tests, and treatments for each disease.
Adrenal Fatigue is an umbrella term for a group of symptoms caused by the adrenal glands functioning at less than optimum capacity and as a result, fail to produce adequate amounts of hormones needed by the body. This slideshare helps to explain adrenal fatigue, its symptoms, causes and briefly discusses how to heal from it. In addition, it gives advise on how to best diagnose Adrenal Fatigue and offers a link to a website with more free resources on this health condition.
The document discusses several antioxidants and nutrients, including Coenzyme Q10, L-Carnitine, Vitamin E, and Alpha Lipoic Acid. It provides background on their structures, functions, food sources, roles in the body, and medicinal uses. CoQ10 helps generate energy in cells, L-Carnitine transports fatty acids for energy production, and Vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant that protects cells from free radical damage. The document contains in-depth information on the pharmacokinetics and biological roles of each nutrient.
Sami direct detail product trainig slides gti edited 1Rubal Singh
This document promotes joining SamiDirect and provides contact information for Rubal Singh. It then discusses antioxidants and how Sami Direct's Bioprotectant supplement protects cells from environmental and ingested toxins through antioxidants. The supplement is said to slow aging, reduce cancer risk, support cardiovascular health, and provide other benefits. It provides dosage information and pricing for the Bioprotectant product.
1. Insulin is produced through recombinant DNA technology by inserting the human insulin gene into E. coli bacteria.
2. The E. coli are cultured and the inclusion bodies containing proinsulin are isolated through cell disruption and centrifugation.
3. The inclusion bodies are solubilized and undergo sulfitolysis and refolding to produce correctly folded proinsulin.
4. The proinsulin then undergoes site-specific cleavage to produce insulin and C-peptide, which are purified through chromatography.
This document describes a study on the quality of life and effects of CoQ10 in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. The study aims to assess quality of life, study the effect of CoQ10 in PCOS patients, and examine treatment outcomes in lean and obese patients treated with CoQ10 or clomiphene citrate. A prospective comparative study was conducted involving 40 PCOS patients, with 20 receiving CoQ10 and 20 receiving clomiphene citrate. Quality of life, hormone levels, follicle numbers, and improvement in anovulation and irregular cycles were evaluated before and after 45 days of treatment.
Obesidad: nutrientes moduladores de neuropeptidos y neurotransmisoresNutriline SRL
This document discusses ketogenic enteral nutrition (KEN) as a treatment for obesity. It describes a study of over 19,000 obese patients who underwent 10-day cycles of receiving 50-65 grams of protein per day via continuous nasogastric tube infusion, without any carbohydrates. This protocol resulted in an average weight loss of 10.2 kg over 2.5 cycles, with 57% of the loss being fat mass. No significant adverse effects occurred. KEN is concluded to be a safe, fast, and inexpensive treatment that provides good long-term weight maintenance results.
This document provides an overview of nutrition science, including definitions of key terms and descriptions of major nutrients. It discusses the study of nutrients and how the body processes them. Major topics covered include macronutrients like carbohydrates, fats, proteins, micronutrients like vitamins and minerals, nutrient deficiencies, and how genetics and genomics relate to nutrition and disease.
This document describes a line of soft chew treats for horses that provide various health benefits. The treats contain proprietary ingredients like PSB Complex and probiotics to support digestion, joints, and antioxidant levels. Manufacturing and packaging can be provided to partners. Clinical studies show horses consuming PSB Complex had improved cardio-respiratory function and lower muscle enzyme levels during training. The document promotes the health benefits of the treats and ingredients to potential partners.
This document discusses the nutritional composition and health benefits of spirulina. Spirulina is high in protein, vitamins, minerals, and bioflavonoids. It supports cell growth, immunity, and has anti-cancer, antiviral, cholesterol-lowering and anti-inflammatory properties. DXN Spirulina in particular has the highest levels of nutrients and safety standards. The document provides details on the amino acid, fatty acid, vitamin and mineral content of spirulina and how each component benefits health.
The document discusses diabetes mellitus and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). It defines diabetes as a disorder where there is a lack of insulin, resulting in high blood glucose levels. It describes the two main types of diabetes - type 1 characterized by absolute insulin deficiency, and type 2 related to insulin resistance. DKA is explained as a life-threatening complication that can develop when cells are unable to use glucose for energy due to insulin deficiency, causing a buildup of acids in the blood. Signs, causes, and treatment of DKA involving insulin therapy and fluid resuscitation are summarized.
This document discusses malnutrition in surgical patients and provides guidelines on nutritional assessment and support. It notes that malnutrition is common in 30% of GI surgery patients and is often unrecognized. The aim is to identify at-risk patients and ensure their nutritional needs are met. It provides details on evaluating nutritional status, calculating calorie and protein requirements, and enteral and parenteral nutrition support options. The appropriate use of nutrition therapy is emphasized to prevent complications and support recovery from illness or surgery.
Cystic Fibrosis Nutritional Case Study PresentationMary Rodavich
The document discusses cystic fibrosis and cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD), outlining their causes, symptoms, and treatment, including medical nutrition therapy. It also provides details of a specific 24-year-old female patient's history and condition, including her diagnosis of CFRD, and outlines her nutrition assessment, diagnosis, and prescribed nutrition interventions and monitoring.
This document discusses the health benefits of dietary fiber. It defines fiber and categorizes it as insoluble or soluble. Sources of each type of fiber are provided. The document outlines recommended daily fiber intake and reviews studies showing fiber can help lower cholesterol, control blood sugar levels, reduce colon cancer risk, and promote weight control. Soluble fibers like konjac, beta-glucan and pectin are highlighted for their health benefits.
This document discusses nutrition and balanced diets. It recommends that a balanced diet includes a variety of foods from different food groups to obtain all required nutrients. Food groups include bread, vegetables, fruits, milk, and meat. A balanced diet should include grains, fruits, vegetables, dairy, and proteins. The document also classifies nutrients, describes each in detail, and provides recommendations for daily intake of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and calories.
Naturopathic Oncology-Health Begins In The Colon As Seen through Iridology-Ho...Sheldon Stein
This document summarizes a presentation on health and detoxification from toxins in the colon. It discusses how poor digestion and constipation can lead to auto-intoxication as toxins are reabsorbed from the colon. Various detoxification techniques are presented, including dietary changes, supplementation, enemas, and colon hydrotherapy. Case studies are shown to demonstrate how detoxification treatments improved patients' symptoms and blood toxicity as seen through live blood analysis and iridology. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of regular bowel movements, fiber intake, and other lifestyle factors to support a healthy colon and whole-body detoxification.
Parenteral nutrition (PN), also known as total parenteral nutrition (TPN), involves delivering nutrients directly into the bloodstream when oral or enteral nutrition is not possible or sufficient. PN can be delivered via either a peripheral or central line. It provides nutrients such as glucose, lipids, amino acids, electrolytes, vitamins and minerals to meet nutritional needs when the gastrointestinal tract cannot be used. The gut is always preferred when possible due to risks of infection and other complications with PN. It is indicated when enteral nutrition cannot meet nutritional requirements for over 7-10 days or in cases of severe gastrointestinal dysfunction. Careful monitoring is required when on PN therapy.
1. The document discusses using vitamins, supplements, and herbs to support hormone health, specifically in augmenting bioidentical hormone replacement therapy (BHRT).
2. It provides examples of nutraceuticals and their roles in supporting estrogen metabolism, thyroid function, and liver detoxification which are important for hormone balance.
3. The document emphasizes that estrogen metabolism is important and outlines strategies like diet, exercise, and supporting the liver and bowel to help metabolize and clear estrogens in a healthy way.
healthy body ranges, assessment & diseasesSaher Yaseen
This document provides information on normal health ranges for various tests and vital signs, as well as details on common diseases including their definitions, causes, symptoms, and recommended foods to eat or avoid. The diseases discussed include fever, cardiovascular disease, gastritis, diabetes, obesity, and peptic ulcer. Normal ranges are given for vital signs, liver function tests, kidney function tests, complete blood counts, serum electrolytes, and other miscellaneous tests.
This research article studied the effects of virgin coconut oil (VCO) on renal dysfunction in diabetic rats. It found that:
1) Diabetic rats not fed VCO had significantly higher levels of creatinine, urea, and blood urea nitrogen compared to normal rats and diabetic rats fed VCO, indicating VCO helped prevent kidney damage from diabetes.
2) Total protein levels were significantly lower in diabetic rats not fed VCO compared to the other groups, but were similar between normal rats and diabetic rats fed VCO.
3) VCO may protect the kidneys of diabetic rats through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties from compounds like lauric acid. This suggests VCO is
The document is an interpretation of an angiogram of the coronary arteries by Dr. Abdul Rab Shaikh. It analyzes images from an angiogram, a medical test that uses x-rays and dye to see inside the heart's blood vessels. The interpretation likely discusses any blockages or abnormalities found in the coronary arteries.
The document appears to be about a mysterious event that occurred at the Red Crescent Institute of Cardiology on November 29, 2012, which is described as the 20th day of the 9th month in 1975. In just 3 sentences, the summary provides a high-level overview of the topic and context but does not include any analysis or assumptions beyond what is directly stated in the original document.
1) Hypertensive patients, like zombies, are at risk of cardiovascular events if blood pressure is not controlled.
2) The LIFE trial found that losartan was more effective than atenolol at reducing the risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy.
3) Losartan was also better than atenolol at preventing new onset diabetes.
The document discusses the role of nutrition in cardiovascular disease. It outlines nutrition guidelines for conditions like hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Nutrition therapy aims to lower total and LDL cholesterol through a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol. Enteral or parenteral nutrition support may be needed for patients with congestive heart failure or after cardiac surgery to meet increased calorie and protein needs and avoid weight loss. Nutrition also plays a role in managing cardiovascular risk factors in diabetes.
The document discusses hypertension and the combination therapy of valsartan and amlodipine for its treatment. It provides evidence from clinical studies that the combination of these two drugs with different mechanisms of action provides greater blood pressure reduction than monotherapy alone. The combination is well-tolerated with few side effects and effective in achieving blood pressure control in patients with different grades of hypertension.
1. Irbesartan (Aprovel) has superior AT1 receptor blockade activity compared to losartan and valsartan which results in better blood pressure lowering efficacy.
2. Even at initial dosing, irbesartan 150mg is more effective at lowering blood pressure than the maximum dose of losartan 100mg.
3. Irbesartan is also more effective than valsartan both as monotherapy and in combination with hydrochlorothiazide for reducing blood pressure.
Erythema marginatum is a non-pruritic rash on the trunk and limbs with a sharp outer edge and diffuse inner edge, forming a ring-like pattern. Subcutaneous nodules are firm, painless lesions under the skin over bony areas that are usually symmetric. Sydenham chorea involves abrupt involuntary movements, muscle weakness, and emotional disturbances, often more severe on one side. Carditis in rheumatic fever can affect the pericardium, epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium, causing chest pain and murmurs. Arthritis commonly affects the knees, ankles, elbows and wrists and can rapidly limit movement. Treatment involves antibiotics to eliminate strept
This document discusses hypertension, also known as the "Dajal of the 21st century". It provides an overview of cardiovascular risks associated with increases in blood pressure. It then discusses approaches for managing hypertension, including lifestyle modifications and medical therapy. Specific antihypertensive drugs discussed include ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and thiazide diuretics. Nebivolol, a beta blocker with nitric oxide mediated vasodilation properties, is highlighted for its ability to improve endothelial function compared to other beta blockers.
The document provides an overview of coronary artery anatomy and variations seen on CT imaging. It describes the typical origins and branches of the left main, left anterior descending, circumflex and right coronary arteries. Examples of coronary anomalies are shown, including an anomalous left coronary artery originating from the right sinus of Valsalva and coursing between the aorta and pulmonary artery, which can cause compression. Another example is anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. Myocardial bridging and coronary artery fistulas are also briefly described.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
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2. History
1957 - Coenzyme Q10 was first isolated from beef
heart mitochondria by Dr. Frederick Crane
1958 - The precise chemical structure of
Coenzyme Q10 was determined by professor Karl
Folkers and collaborators at Merck, Inc.
1961 - Coenzyme Q10 was considered as a
potential treatment for cancer.
1964 – Coenzyme Q10 demonstrated its
usefulness for the treatment of congestive heart
failure.
1970 – Coenzyme Q10 demonstrated its
effectiveness as an anti-oxidant.
3.
4. Biosynthesis of Coenzyme Q
1. Synthesis of the benzoquinone structure from either tyrosine
or phenylalanine
2. Synthesis of the isoprene side chain from acetyl-
coenzyme A via the mevalonate pathway.
3. Condensation by the HMG-CoA reductase
5. Coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone
lipophilic, water-insoluble substances
benzoquinone “head” and terpinoid “tail”
various coenzymes Q relate to the number of isoprenoid units (5-carbon
structure) in the tail
Can be one to 12 isoprenoid units
10 isoprenoid units are the prevalent form in humans
Solid-waxlike substance
present in most tissues
§ The highest concentrations is found in the heart, the liver, the kidneys, and
the pancreas.
§ The lowest concentration is found in the lungs.
6. Oxidation States of Coenzyme Q10:
Ubiquinone
Exists in three oxidation states.
7. Functions of Coenzyme Q10:
Mitochondrial ATP Synthesis
transfer electrons from complex I or complex II complex
III.
initially is reduced to the semi-ubiquinone radical and then
ubiquinone by transfering electrons one at a time to complex
III
At the same time, transfers the protons outside the inner
mitochondrial membrane, generates a proton gradient across
the membrane.
The energy released when the protons flow back into the
mitochondrial interior is used to form ATP.
Plays an integral role in supplying energy to chemical reactions in the body
8. Functions of Coenzyme Q10:
Antioxidant
neutralize free-radical
an effective lipid-soluble antioxidant
continuously go through an oxidation-reduction state
hold electrons loosely in its reduced form
regenerate α-tocopherol from the α-tocopheroxyl radical.
interact with dihydrolipoic acid.
Dihydrolipoic acid reduces ubiquinone to ubiquinol
inhibit lipid peroxidation
occurs when cell membranes and low-density lipoproteins (LDL)
are oxidized ex vivo
May prevent signs of skin aging
9. Functions of Coenzyme Q10:
Lysosomal Function
transport protons across lysosomal
membranes
help to maintain the optimal pH for
cellular recycling
10. Disease Treatment of Coenzyme
Q10: Ubiquinone
Reliable and relatively consistent scientific data showing a substantial health benefit
for Angina and Hypertension
– Singh et. al. – double-blind, placebo-controlled study
59 men already on hypertension medications had 120mg Coenzyme Q10 daily for 8 week
Blood pressure reduced by about 9% as compared to placebo
– Burke et. al – double-blind, placebo-controlled study
83 people with isolated systolic hypertension had 60mg Coenzyme Q10 daily for 12 week
Blood pressure reduced
Contradictory, insufficient, or preliminary studies suggesting a health benefit or
minimal health benefit for Cardiomyopathy, Cerebellar ataxia (familial), Congestive heart
failure, Diabetes, Gingivitis (periodontal disease), Halitosis (if gum disease), Migraine
headaches, Parkinson's disease, Renal (kidney) failure
– Baggio et al. – open marketing study
2500 Class II or III patients had 100mg Coenzyme Q10 for 3 months with
Signs of heart failure were reduced: 77% in edema, 54% in dyspnea, 82% in jugular venous pressure.
– Khatta et al. – double-blind, placebo-controlled study
85 CHF patients had Coenzyme Q10 treatment
Failed to find any evidence of benefit the patients with coenzyme Q treatment.
For an herb, supported by traditional use but minimal or no scientific evidence. For a
supplement, little scientific support and/or minimal health benefit for Alzheimer’s
disease, Athletic performance, Breast cancer, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD), HIV support, Infertility (male), Insulin resistance syndrome (Syndrome X), Lung
cancer, Muscular dystrophy, Prostate cancer
11. Efficacy Data
A lot of studies in the literature (70+)
– Laboratory/Animal/Preclinical studies
Laboratory – Coenzyme’ structures and function in cell respiration
Animal – pretreatment
– Human/Clinical studies
Disease treatment
For Heart disease:
– Some large trials (up to 360 patients)
– Some long term (up to 30 months)
– Double-blind placebo-controlled trial, or meta-analysis
Others:
– Small trials (usually less than 100 people)
– Short term (up to 12 week)
– Most are double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial
– Few are non-double blind, or non-randomized
12. Coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone
By definition not a vitamin
Produced endogenously in all tissues (~0.5g/day
regenerated, with a body pool of ~2g)
Naturally present in small amounts in a wide varied of foods
Rich sources can be found in organ meats such as heart, liver and
kidney, as well as beef, soy oil, sardines, mackerel and peanuts
1 pound of sardines = 30 mg
2 pounds of beef = 30 mg
2.5 pounds of peanuts = 30 mg
50 times more antioxidant power than Vitamin E
Found to sustain vitamin E’s antioxidant effects
13. Coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone
Endogenous synthesis decreases after age 20
Believed to fall off rapidly in middle age, accelerating the
aging process
Exercise increases catabolism of and need for CoQ10
Disease or other stress impairs intake and absorption of
the substrate
14. Drug Action of Coenzyme Q10:
Ubiquinone
Absorption
Absorbed in the small intestines directly into the lymphatic
system, followed by absorption into the blood stream
Absorption tends to be poor (lipophilicity)
~60% or more of oral dosage forms are excreted in the feces
Can be highly variable, depending upon dosage form and on food
intake at time of CoQ ingestion
Absorption is lower if taken on an empty stomach and higher if
taken with foods, especially those with a high lipid content
15. Drug Action of Coenzyme Q10:
Ubiquinone
Distribution/Metabolism
In the blood, CoQ10 is partitioned into various lipoproteins:
VLDL, LDL and HDL, with peak blood levels occurring in 5 to 10
hours
It is found in all cells of the body and is distributed to the various
tissues of the body (important to know that is able to enter the
brain)
Takes roughly 3 weeks of daily dosing to reach the maximum serum
concentrations
Excretion
Of what is absorbed elimination occurs through the bodies bile
Low plasma clearance
Elimination half-life of 34 hours
16. Dosage Forms of Coenzyme Q10:
Ubiquinone
Capsules (10 mg, 30 mg, 75 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg)
Chewable Tablets (100 mg, 200 mg)
Liquid softgel (30 mg/5 ml)
Tablets (25 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg, 200 mg)
Wafers (60 mg, 200 mg)
Vcaps (bio-grown CoQ10; 22mg)
Can also be found in a number of skin products on the
market
18. Recommended Dosage Amounts
for Coenzyme Q: Ubiquinone
No known toxic dose
For Hypertension: 30 mg, 2 times a day
For Angina: 50 mg, 3 times a day
For Congestive Heart Failure
Mild: 30 mg a day
Severe: 30 mg, 3 times a day
For Cardiomyopathy: 50 mg, 2 times a day
As an Antioxidant: 30 mg to 60 mg a day
Mitral Valve Prolapse in Children: 2 mg/kg/day
19. Dietary Supplement Health and
Education Act of 1994
The term "dietary supplement“ under Section 201 (21 U.S.C. 321)
(1) means a product (other than tobacco) intended to supplement the diet that
bears or contains one or more of the following dietary ingredients:
(A) a vitamin;
(B) a mineral;
(C) an herb or other botanical;
(D) an amino acid;
(E) a dietary substance for use by man to supplement the diet by increasing the
total dietary intake; or
(F) a concentrate, metabolite, constituent, extract, or combination of any ingredient
described in clause (A), (B), (C), (D), or (E);
(2) means a product that
(A)(i) is intended for ingestion in a form described in section 411(c)(1)(B)(i); or
(ii) complies with section 411(c)(1)(B)(ii);
(B) is not represented for use as a conventional food or as a sole item of a meal or
the diet; and
(C) is labeled as a dietary supplement; and
20. FDA: Laws and regulations
No determined state regulations on this product
Violations of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education
Act of 1994 (amendment to the Federal Food, Drug, and
Cosmetic Act) occur when claims are made that a supplement are
intended for the use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment or
prevention of disease
Why is this important?
Because the above statement is the FDA’s definition of a drug
And a new drug may not be legally marketed in the United States
without an approved New Drug Application (NDA)
T.J. Clark Liquid Co-Q10 Advanced Formula:
“[A] very beneficial supplement for individuals who suffer
from disorders of the cardiovascular system....“
“Revive failing hearts... Lower blood pressure”
21. References
Anne Keogh, Steve Fenton, Christina Leslie, et. al. Randomised Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of
Coenzyme Q10 Therapy in Class II and III Systolic Heart Failure. Heart Lung & Circulation. 2003;12:135-41.
Baggio E, Gandini R, Plancher A, et. al. Italian multicentre study on the safety and efficacy of Coenzyme Q10 as
adjunctive therapy in heart failure. The Coenzyme Q10 Drug Survellance Investigators. Clin. Invest.
1993;71:S145-9.
Burke BE, Neuenschwander R, Olson RD. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of coenzyme Q10 in
isolated systolic hypertension. South Med Journal. 2001;94:1112-7.
Flint Beal, Clifford Shults. Effects of Coenzyme Q10 in Huntington’s disease and early Parkinson’s disease.
BioFactors 18. 2003;18:153-161.
Franklin Rosenfield, Deborah Hilton, Salvatore Pepe, et. al. Systematic review of effect of coenzyme Q10 in
physical exercise, hypertension and heart failure. BioFactors. 2003;18:91-100.
Kenneth Jones, Kerry Hughs, Laurie Mischley, et. al. Coenzyme Q-10 and Cardiovascular Health. Alternative
therapies. 2004;10(1):22-30.
Langsjoen PH, Langsjoen PH, Folkers K. A six year clinical study of therapy
of cardiomyopathy with coenzyme Q10. Int J Tissue React(Swtizerland), 1990;12(3):169-71.
Singh R, Niaz MA, Rastogi SS, et. al. Effect of hydrosoluble coenzyme Q10 on blood pressures and insulin
resistance in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease. J Human Hypertens. 1999:13:203-8.
Ely, JTA and Krone, CA. A Brief Update on Ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q10). Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine
2000; 15(2):63-68. Retrived from the web on May 8, 2005 at http://faculty.washington.edu/~ely/JOM5.html
Langsjoen, PH. Introduction to Coenzyme Q10. Retrieved from the web on May 8, 2005 at
http://faculty.washington.edu/~ely/coenzq10.html#FAQ
Facts and Comparisons: The review of Natural Products. Aug 1997
Physicians Desk Reference. 2005. Retrieved from the web on May 6, 2005 at
http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/coe_0084.shtml
Micromedix. 2005. OSU subscription
National Cancer Institute (NCI) and National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCAM).
Retrieved from the web on May 8, 2005 at http://cis.nci.nih.gov/fact/9_16.htm
Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994, Public Law 103-417, 103rd Congress. Retrieved from the
web on May 8, 2005 at http://www.fda.gov/opacom/laws/dshea.html
Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, Title 21, Chapter 9. Retrieved from the web on May 8, 2005 at
http://www.access.gpo.gov/uscode/title21/chapter9_.html
Walgreens.com
Drugstore.com