Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that can affect many parts of the body, but is mainly found in the lungs. It has infected humans for over 7,000 years. Symptoms may include cough, sputum, blood in sputum, chest pain, and fever. Diagnosis involves tests to find the bacteria such as smears, cultures, PCR, and chest imaging. Treatment requires a multi-drug regimen over a period of 6-9 months. Prognosis is generally good with proper treatment, but factors like drug resistance or HIV infection can worsen the outcome. Management is based on guidelines and involves intensive and maintenance treatment periods with first and second line drug combinations.