Maritime states and UT's of the India and updated districts, major ports and important fishes landed along coastal states. Few crafts and gears used in fishery.
2. Introduction
โข Coastline of India is about 8129km in 9 maritime states and addition to coastal UTs
โข A total of nearly 90 coastal districts as per most recent state wise and UT wise districts
โข India recognizes an es mated 3,231 valid species of freshwater and marine shes, of
which the total diversity of marine species comprise 75.6% (2,443 species) (Gopi & Mishra
2015).
โข For conservation of fishing resources, adopting uniform fishing ban during April 15th -
May 31st on the east coast and June 15th to July 31st on the west coast besides making the
fishermen aware of the importance of Code of Conduct for Responsible Fishery.
3. Gujarat
โข Gujarat has the longest coastline in
India which lies in the Kathiawar
region of the state and is 1,600 km
long. Area of the continental
shelf: 372,424 km2
โข Total Land Area: 3,287,263 km2
โข Rocky Coast: 11%
โข Gujarat fishery presently dominated
by fishes like ribbonfishes (Trchiurus
lepturus), Bombay duck (Harpodon
nehereus), croakers, carangids,
threadfin breams, lizardfishes, tuna
(Euthynnus affinis, Thunnus tonggol,
Katsuwonus pelamis, Thunnus
albacores and Sarda orientalis),
seerfish, pomfrets.
Gujarat
1.Ahmedabad
2.Amreli
3.Anand
4.Bharuch
5.Bhavnagar
6.Jamnagar
7.Junagadh
8.Kachchh
9.Navsari
10.Porbandar
11.Devbhumi
Dwaraka
12.Surat
13.Girsomnath
14.Valsad
15. Morbi
4. MAHARASHTRA
โข Maharashtra is bestowed with a coastline of 720 km spread
over 7 coastal districts, viz. Thane, Palghar, Mumbai city,
Mumbai suburban, Raigad, Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg along
the Arabian sea with rich marine fishery resources.
โข There are 25 fishing zones in the seven districts with 173 fish
landing centres. The total marine fish production from the
state during 2018โ19 was 4.6 MT valued at `6298 crores
(DOF, Government of Maharashtra).
โข The state offers huge potential for the sustainable utilization
of the marine bioresources for fisheries, mariculture, coastal
aquaculture and post -harvest development and exports.
โข Maharashtra falls under the NorthWest coast which
contributes the highest (32.8%) in the total catch during
2019โ20.
โข The major share is contributed by pelagic resources (39%),
followed by crustaceans (31%), demersal comprising 22%
and molluscs (7%).
โข The prominent species/groupwise landings include non-
penaeid shrimp (21%), penaeid shrimp (9%), Bombay duck
and croakers (8.2%), Indian mackeral (6.9%), threadfin
breams (5.9%), squids (5.1%), ribbon fishes (4.1%), golden
anchovy (4%), horse mackerel (3.5%), cuttle fish (2.1%),
silver pomfret (2.0%).
โข The trawl fishing accounted for 55%, set bagnet
(SBN/Dolnet) 23%, purse seines (15%) and gillnet (7%)
(CMFRI Annual Report 2019).
MAHARASHTRA
1.Palghar
2.Mumbai Sub-urban
3.Mumbai
4.Raigarh
5.Ratnagiri
6.Sindhudurg
7.Thane
5. GOA
โข Goa is bestowed with a coastline of 104 km
with numerous bays and headlands.
โข The continental shelf area of Goa extends to
10,000 km2 of about 100 fathoms depths.
โข The current annual average marine and inland
fish production is estimated at 86 027 and 3669
tonnes, respectively.
โข Goa shares nearly 2% of the total marine fish
production of our country.
โข About 550 fish and shellfish species are
recorded in the marine fish landings.
โข The numbers of pelagic, demersal, crustacean
and mollusc species identified were 200, 280,
95 and 90 respectively.
โข The marine fisheries sector contributes to
about 3% of the state GDP and 17% of the
agricultural GDP. (Sreekanth G.B. and Sajiya
Mujawar,(2021)
Goa
1. North Goa
2. South Goa
6. KARNATAKA
โข checklist of the riverine fishes of Karnataka includes 240 species
(109 species from Cauvery, 59 species from Godavari, 168 fish
species from Krishna and 124 fish species from West flowing
river basins) distributed under 102 genera, 38 families and 14
orders. The top three orders with diverse species composition
were Cypriniformes (140 species, 45 genera and 5 families),
Siluriformes (51 species, 24 genera and 9 families) and
Perciformes (26 species, 15 genera and 9 families). Fourty
species listed under threatened category including 5 species as
critically endangered, 22 as endangered and 13 as vulnerable(H.
S. MOGALEKAR, P. JAWAHAR AND CANCIYAV,2016) &
โข MARINE FISHES
(http://karenvis.nic.in/Content/MarineWaterFishesofKarnataka_
11268.aspx)
โข Karnataka state with a coastline of 320 km along the southwest
coast of India is one of the frontline state in the country in
marine fisheries development. During 1957, Karnataka emerged
as a separate maritime state having 27000 square km of
continental shelf area and 87000 square km of EEZ. Historically
Karnataka coast is referred as โmackerel coastโ.
โข The three major maritime districts of Karnataka are Dakshina
Kannada, Udupi and Uttara Kannada. Dakshina Kannada district
has a coastal line of 42 km from Talapady in South to Mulky in
the North. Udupi district stretches from Kodi Hejamady to
Gangoli with 98 km of coastline. Uttara Kannada has the longest
coastline of 162 km with natural harbors and ports like Karwar,
Binaga, Chendiya, Balekeri, Tadri, Ankola, Gangavali, Kumta,
Honnavar, Manki, Murudeshwar, Shirali and Bhatka (Suyani
NK, et al.2020).
โข pelagics found in Karnataka are Indian oil sardine, Indian
mackerel, ribbon fish, anchovies, Thryssa sp., carangids, seer
fishes, tunnies, etc. The demersal fishes found are bulleyes,
threadfin breams, croakers, lizard fishes, pomfrets, triggerfish,
elasmobranchs and catfishes
KARNATAKA
1.Dakshin Kannada
2.Udupi
3.Uttar Kannada
7. KERALA
โข Among 1,471 species of marine ornamental fishes
in the international trade, as many as 400 species
were occurring in coastal waters and the coral
reef ecosystem surrounding the islands and
mainland of India.
โข The coral reef patches and rocky pools on the
shores of the Lakshadweep sea along with
artificial rocky areas formed by sea wall
construction materials harbours a wide variety of
marine ornamental fishes all along the 590 kms
coastal line of Kerala.(Biju Kumar et al.2012)
โข Nine Hundred and five species of fishes are
recorded from the inland and marine waters of
Kerala comprising of 41 orders and 172 families.
โข Close to 30% of the freshwater fish species found
in Kerala are endemic to the State.
โข Only 8% of the total fishes of Kerala are listed as
threatened in the IUCN Red List, of which the
majority are freshwater species
KERALA
1.Alappuzha
2.Ernakulam
3.Kannur
4.Kasaragod
5.Kollam
6.Kozhikode
7.Malappuram
8.Thiruvananthapuram
9.Thrissur
8. Tamil Nadu
โข A total of 1656 fish species under two classes, 40 orders, 191 families and 683 geranra reported from
marine and estuarine waters of Tamil Nadu. In the checklist, 1075 fish species were primary marine
water and remaining 581 species were diadromus.
โข In total, 128 species were reported under class Elasmobranchii (11 orders, 36 families and 70 genera) and
1528 species under class Actinopterygii (29 orders, 155 families and 613 genera).
โข The top five order with diverse species composition were Perciformes (932 species; 56.29% of the total
fauna), Tetraodontiformes (99 species), Pleuronectiforms (77 species), Clupeiformes (72 species) and
Scorpaeniformes (69 species). At the family level, the Gobiidae has the greatest number of species (86
species), followed by the Carangidae (65 species), Labridae (64 species) and Serranidae (63 species).
Fishery status assessment revealed existence of 1029 species worth for capture fishery, 425 species worth
for aquarium fishery, 84 species worth for culture fishery, 242 species worth for sport fishery and 60
species worth for bait fishery, (Mogalekar et al.,2018).
โข The state has 1076 kms of coastal length and 0.19 lakh sq km of exclusive economic zone (EEZ) up to 200
nautical miles from the shore (Ramesh et al., 2008; Barman et al., 2011). The total estuarine area of
Tamil Nadu was estimated to be 56000 ha, which accounts 3.88 % of the total estuarine area of India
(De, 2011).
โข The estuaries and brackish water wetlands in Tamil Nadu were Adyar, Agniar, Alangkulam, Ambuliyar, Araniar, Arasalar, Athankarai,
Coleroon, Cooum, Edaiyur-Sadras, Ennore, Gadilum, Giriyampeta, Gulf of Mannar lagoon, Gundar, Kaliveli lagoon, Kallar, Kanjirankudi,
Karumeniyar (Manapadu), Kaveri, Kollidam, Kottakarayar, Kuduvaiyar, Manakudy, Manimuttar, Muthupet lagoon, Muttukadu backwaters,
Muttukadu lagoon, Nambiyar, Nandalar, Palayakayal, Pambar, Pantri, Pazhayar, Pichavaram, Ponnaiyar, Pulicat lake (South) lagoon,
โข Pullavazhi, Punnakayal, Sayalkudi, Thengapattinam, Thirumullaivasal, Uppanar, Uppar, Vaigai, Vaipar, Valliyar, Velankanni, Vellar, Vembar,
Vennar, Vettar and Yedayanthittu (Ramesh et al., 2008; Mogalekar et al., 2017). The state has 1076 kms of coastal length and 0.19 lakh sq
km of exclusive economic zone (EEZ) up to 200 nautical miles from the shore (Ramesh et al., 2008; Barman et al., 2011). The total
estuarine area of Tamil Nadu was estimated to be 56000 ha, which accounts 3.88 % of the total estuarine area of India (De, 2011).
9. The estuaries and brackish water wetlands in Tamil Nadu were Adyar, Agniar, Alangkulam, Ambuliyar,
Araniar, Arasalar, Athankarai, Coleroon, Cooum, Edaiyur-Sadras, Ennore, Gadilum, Giriyampeta, Gulf of
Mannar lagoon, Gundar, Kaliveli lagoon, Kallar, Kanjirankudi, Karumeniyar (Manapadu), Kaveri, Kollidam,
Kottakarayar, Kuduvaiyar, Manakudy, Manimuttar, Muthupet lagoon, Muttukadu backwaters, Muttukadu
lagoon, Nambiyar, Nandalar, Palayakayal, Pambar, Pantri, Pazhayar, Pichavaram, Ponnaiyar, Pulicat lake
(South) lagoon, Pullavazhi, Punnakayal, Sayalkudi, Thengapattinam, Thirumullaivasal, Uppanar, Uppar, Vaigai,
Vaipar, Valliyar, Velankanni, Vellar, Vembar, Vennar, Vettar and Yedayanthittu (Ramesh et al., 2008;
Mogalekar et al., 2017).
Tamil Nadu (1076km)
coastal dist
1.Thiruvallur
2. Chennai
3.Chengalpattu
4.Villupuram
5.Cuddalore
6.Mayildathurai
7.Nagapattinam
8.Tiruvarur
9.Thanjavur
10.Pudukottai
11.Ramanathapura
m
12.Thoothukudi
13.Tirunelveli
14.Kanyakumari
10. Puducherry
โข The Union Territory of Puducherry comprises of four region
namely, Puducherry, Karaikal, Mahe & Yanam with a total
coastal line of 45 kms, 1000 sq.km of continental shelves
enriched with marine fisheries potential.
โข It has a fishermen population of about 96,071 of which
26,478 nos. of fishermen are actively engaged in fishing
from 27 marine fishing villages and 23 inland fishing
villages/hamlets scattered in and around Union Territory of
Puducherry.
โข This Union Territory is also endowed with 2052 Ha of fresh
water area in the form of Ponds and Tanks suitable for both
capture and culture fishery. 1209 Ha of Brackishwater area
are available for undertaking Brackish water fish and prawn
culture. (Fisheries dept of Puducherry annual plan, 2017).
Source: CMFRI, annual report, 2020.
Puduc
herry
1.Karaikal
2.Yanam
3.Puducherry
4.Mahe
11. AP(95,442 km2 total of 26dist of this 19 are Coastal dist)
974 km Coastal line
โข AP with coastline of 974 km and a continental shelf area of 33,227
km.
โข A total of 19 coastal districts as per new districts recent list
โข Sardines, mackerel, ribbonfish,carangids, seerfish and anchovies
were the major pelagics landed along the Andhra coast.
โข In the demersal group, croakers formed the dominant group
followed by perches, silverbellies, catfish and Rays.
โข Crustaceans were dominanted bythe penaeid prawns followed by
crabs and non-penaeid prawns (Rao G Syda et al. 2008)
AP (974Km)
Coastal dist
1.Srikakulam
2.Vizianagaram
3. Parvathipuram Manyam
4.Alluri Sitharama Raju
5. Visakhapatnam
6.Anakapalli
7.Kakinada
8. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
Konaseema
9.East Godavari
10.West Godavari
11.Eluru
12.Krishna
13.NTR
14.Guntur
15.Palnadu
16. Bapatla
17.Prakasam
18.SPSR Nellore
19.Tirupati
12. Odisha
โข Odisha is rich in marine fishery resources such
as carangids, ribbon fishes, clupeids, croakers,
pomfrets, catfishes, silver bellies, penaeid
prawns, non-penaeid prawns, crabs.
โข The state Odisha in the east coast of India has a
480 km long coastline in 7 coastal districts
(Balasore, Bhadrak, Kendrapara, Jagatsinghpur,
Puri, and Ganjam, Khordha) besides a continental
shelf of 24,000 km2.(Pati, et al.2018)
โข The coast is bestowed with six major estuaries
(Subarnarekha, Budhabalanga, Baitarani,
Brahmani, Mahanadi, and Rushikulya), Worldโs
largest rookery for the Olive Ridley sea turtle
(Gahirmatha), Asiaโs largest brackish water
lagoon (Chilika Lake), Indiaโs second largest
mangrove forest (Bhitarkanika), one major port
(Paradip), three minor ports, and four fishing
harbours (Mohanty et al., 2008).
โข Bhitarkanika National Park, Gahiramatha Marine
Sanctuary, and Nalabana Wildlife Sanctuary are
the three marine protected areas of Odisha
(Singh, 2003).
the presence of 2,611 marine and brackish water species from
Odisha. These species belong to 25 taxa [Ciliophora,
Foraminifera, Porifera, Cnidaria, Ctenophora, Entoprocta,
Platyhelminthes, Kinorhyncha, Nematoda, Gastrotricha,
Chaetognatha, Arthropoda, Tardigrada, Annelida, Echiura,
Mollusca, Sipuncula, Bryozoa, Brachiopoda, Echinodermata,
Tunicata, Gnathostomata (Pisces), Reptilia, Aves, and
Mammalia]. The most species rich taxon of the Odisha coast is
the superclass Gnathostomata (Pisces) followed by the phyla
such as Arthropoda, Mollusca, Platyhelminthes, and Annelida.
The least represented taxa were Ctenophora, Entoprocta,
Kinorhyncha, Tardigrada, Echiura, Sipuncula, Brachiopoda, and
Tunicata. Odisha shares 1.24 per cent of worldโs marine
diversity whereas it contributes nearly 19 percent of Indian
marine fauna
ODISHA (480km)
Coastal dist
1.Baleshwar
2.Bhadrak
3.Kendrapara
4.Jagatsinghpur
5.Puri
6.Ganjam
7.Khordha
13. West Bengal
โข Along WB coast with 158 km coastline area with
9 major fish landing stations viz. Digha, Digha
Mohana, Shankarpur, Petuaghat, Sagar,
Fresergunge, Namkhana, Kakdwip and Diamond
Harbour. It is reported at least 314 fish species
are involved with the marine ecosystems in
respect to fishing zone of West Bengal coast,(A
Kar, 2017).
โข Important fish species like Tenualosa ilisha,
Chelon parsia, Sillago sihama, and Harpodon
nehereus are widely found here (Kar et al.,
2017).
WEST
BENGAL(158km)
coastal dist
1.Purba Medinipur
2.South 24 Parganas
3.North 24 Parganas
14. Lakshadweep
โข Lakshadweep archipelago is the northernmost chain of
atolls at the Laccadive-Chagos ridge, situated between
12o โ 8o N and 71o โ 74o E in the Arabian Sea,
and separated from the Maldives by the nine-degree
Channel, consists of 15 atolls and three prominent
submerged reefs. The atolls have a reef area of
933.7 km2, including a lagoon area of
510 km2 (Bahuguna and Naik 1994).
โข present an inventory of Ichthyofauna of Lakshadweep
atolls based on published literature and incorporating
15 new species records identified through a rapid
survey. The new species records for this region are
presented here with the diagnostics of these species.
The checklist shows 856 species of 432 genera, 43
orders, and 144 families known from these islands,
including 16 freshwater forms. 49.3% of the
contribution is from 14 fish families having > 15
species each, while the remainder 131 families
contributed 52.5%, which have < 15 species.
โข About 154 species belonging to 12 families are known
to contribute to the commercial fisheries of these
islands, (Rajkumar Rajan et al. 2021).
17. ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS
โข Andaman And Nicobar Islands Is Called
As Bay Of Islands, comprise over 500
islands), have a land area of 8293
sq.km. They have a coastline of
1962Km. (Fishingchimes, Jan, 2006).
โข A total of 1434 species under 576
genera belonging to 33 orders and 165
families is represented from these
islands, of which 400 species having
commercial significance as food fishes.
Among the fishes, 75.68 %of species
are recorded as coral inhabitants (1089
species). about 290 species from
mangroves, 152 species from seagrass
meadow, 23 species from freshwater
streams and 101 species from offshore
environment, while 258 species were
commonly observed as overlap
between mangrove, seagrass, coral
reefs and offshore ecosystems, (Rajan,
et al.2021).
Andaman and
Nicobar
Islands(1962
km)
1.North And Middle Andaman
2.Nicobar
3.South Andaman
