IPRS is a potential system for climate resilience Aquaculture. Introduction to Intelligence smart fish farming

1. IN-POND RACEWAY SYSTEM (IPRS), POTENTIAL
CLIMATE SMART AQUACULTURE SYSTEM FOR
FISH FARMING
By
BHUKYA BHASKAR
Fisheries

2. Introduction
• Fishery products play a central role in food security and
nutrition strategies at all levels. It is estimated that the global
fish production in 2018 was about 179 million tons, of which
82 million tons came from aquaculture.
• The adaptation of climate-resilient aquaculture strategy should
be main focus under changing environmental conditions to
improve nutritional security for the expanding population.
• In-Pond Raceway Systems (IPRS) are an advanced approach
to pond aquaculture that combines the management benefits of
confining fish in a small portion of the pond with the
production capacity of a flowing water system.
• IPRS creates a flowing “river in the pond” and allows the
water to mix and move as it would in a riverine system.
• This flowing water significantly increases the pond’s
production potential.

3. Cont...
• The IPRS technology offers the potential to double, or
even triple, yields beyond traditional pond expectations
(up to 70-80 tons per hectare in tropical climates) with
no discharge of water or waste into local waterways.
• IPRS is a more manageable, controllable approach
allowing high yields and reduce environmental impact.
• Since the United States Soybean Export Council (USSEC)
introduced IPRS in China in 2013, nearly 9000 systems
have been developed across 18 countries.
• Eg: with World fish support the Tilapia production using
climate smart aquaculture system in egypt, in-pond
raceway system IPRS)

4. Standard IPRS farm labelled with key
components (Ref: USSEC)

5. The key elements of the IPRS include:
• 1. WhiteWater Units (WWU) are electrically powered,
highefficiency airlift water movers that aerate, mix and
circulate the water through the raceways and around
the pond. Electricity supply must be reliable and
constant (with auto-start back-up electrical generator
in place) for IPRS success.
• 2. Elongated, rectangular raceways installed in parallel
along the longest side of the pond. These raceways are
the structures that confine the primary fed production
species and provide easy access to manage (stock, feed,
harvest, sample etc.) the fish. Mesh panels called
“confinement gates” on each end of the raceways
facilitate water flow while holding fish in the raceway.
Free roaming, unfed filtering species in the open pond
add to the production volume and value

6. Cont...
• 3. A quiescent zone (QZ) at the tail end of the raceways
is structured for waste solids to settle and are collected
and removed using a vacuum pump. This removes a
major portion of the organic waste that would
otherwise have to be assimilated by the pond and
makes it available for further value-added use.
• 4. A baffle running down the middle of the pond that
forces the water to fully circulate around the pond
before returning to the raceways. This allows the
oxygen-rich, flowing water together with the natural
pond organisms to significantly speed up the
assimilation of organic wastes that are produced from
feeding the fish.

7. Cont...
• 5. The open pond is often overlooked, but is the most
important component of the successful IPRS.
• Described later, all biological nutrient assimilation and
breakdown of organic matter occurs in the open pond.
These processes rejuvenate and condition the water for
passing through the raceways.
• 6. An auto-start back-up generator is a critical element
of IPRS operational success. In all areas electrical power
interruptions occur, so operators install appropriately
sized electrical generator(s) to provide electrical energy
needed when line power is temporarily interrupted.
This gear is tested and operated weekly to assure its
ability to start automatically and provide the necessary
power for specific IPRS gear.

8. Cont...
• 7. IPRS ponds are designed
and equipped with a waste
collection and removal
system which dramatically
reduces organic loading
within the pond
environment.
• These operate at intervals
on a programmed basis to
remove settled solids and
deposit them in onshore
temporary storage vessels.
Storage vessels are emptied
frequently and materials
recycled.
• 8. Confinement gates are
fencelike equipment at the
head and tail ends of the
production zone designed
to eliminate fish escaping
from the production zone
(PZ).
• The durable mesh should
be heavy-duty stainless
steel mesh of a size that
can retain the smallest fish
stocked, yet large enough
to enable free flow of
water through the raceway.

9. Examples of modern IPRS raceways and WWUs

10. Figure 6A. Pond reconstruction showing pond bottom
leveling 6B. Slab construction with rebar posts 6C.
Construction nearing completion

11. Figure 72A – C. Illustrations and details of onshore
waste settling and holding vessels

12. IPRS Planning Tool and Calculator for Therapeutic treatment amounts and costs
(Kemp) CHEMICAL TREATMENTS This tool determines amount and cost of
therapeutant treatments. Costs may vary by region, product and
Total alkalinity mg/l / 100 = copper sulfate needed (mg/l) For example: If you measure
alkalinity at 130 mg/l; then 130/100 = 1.3 mg/l copper sulfate is the correct treatment
level for chemistry of this water.ver time.

13. Figure 82A – C. Harvesting fish in China,
Thailand and Vietnam

14. Other Advanced Intelligent fish farming Eg: ARTIFEX project
• ARTIFEX project attempts to carry out inspection, maintenance and repair
operations at sea-based fish farms through the cooperation between unmanned
ship, unmanned aerial vehicle and remotely controlled underwater robot
(Artifex 2018).
• In addition to being used as a take-off and landing platform for aerial drones, the
unmanned ship can also be used as a base station for underwater robots.
• The unmanned aerial vehicle is responsible for checking the integrity of surface
facilities and monitoring the feeding process of fish.
• The underwater robot should not only complete the underwater inspection task,
but also clean and repair the fishing net.
• These intelligent equipment will provide technical support for the rapid
deployment of intelligent fish farm.
• The key technologies of the above projects include the hardware design of
unmanned ship, aircraft and underwater vehicle and the software development of
autonomous control system.
• The difficulty of these projects is that these advanced technologies should work
together accurately.
• As an advanced stage of aquaculture development, intelligent fish farm will apply
intelligent machines to replace manual labour and optimize the deployment of
fishery resources in a data-driven way to achieve efficient, green and smart
aquaculture.

15. Cont...
• Cage-type intelligent fish farm obtains seawater quality and ocean current
information using sensors, and obtains fish movement and feeding
information using machine vision and sonar.
• The feed barge can deliver bait accurately according to water quality, fish
biomass and feeding behaviour.
• The underwater net is cleaned autonomously by the net washing robot.
• The automatic fish catching work are realized using the automatic net lifting
system and the fish pump.
• The emergency control of water quality is realized by light supplement and
emergency oxygen system.
• The fish farm is divided into floating type and fixed type. It will form a
three-dimensional aquaculture mode according to the water layer where
different aquaculture objects live.
• The bait, energy and other production materials will be transported from
the land-based warehouse to the breeding area by unmanned vessels.
Cage-type intelligent fish farm can relieve the pressure of offshore
resources and effectively solve the problem of land-based aquaculture
occupying a lot of space.

17. Conceptual design of IoT ecosystem in
intelligent fish farm

18. References & Useful links for demo videos
from various countries
• THE IN-POND RACEWAY SYSTEMS , A principle-driven, sustainable, advanced
aquaculture production technology
• https://ussec.org/wp-
content/uploads/2022/01/20220121_USSEC_IPRS_Manual_UPDATED.pdf
• 1) IPRAS at Bangladesh: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1lpX8eGfrzU
• Climate resilience smart aquaculture (IPRAS) produce huge quantity of safe&
healthy food in Bangladesh
• https://m.facebook.com/watch/?v=2937818679835364&vanity=tofazahamed64
• 2) Project Ariel - Promoting small-scale fisheries and aquaculture
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BASmx51nkuo
• 3) Feeding Soy-based Pellets in IPRS system in USA
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbfJKJqBt_k
• 4) In-Pond Raceway System (IPRAS): Chapainawabganj
• https://www.google.com/search?q=IPRAS+fish&oq=IP&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqCAg
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AE0gEKODYxMzBqMGoxNagCCLACAQ&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-
8#fpstate=ive&ip=1&vld=cid:2d229749,vid:deKtz8gVzeg,st:0

19. Cont...
• 5) In-pond raceway system helps farmers in Egypt increase
aquaculture productivity
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CZSf5r24eTI
• 6) Punjab IPRS. Aeration equipments installed
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=temCXaAcMeA
• 7) AN AQUACULTURAL REVOLUTION IN CHINA
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PMgqVcWBKpc
• 8) Amazing Tilapia Farm, Automatic Tilapia Processing Line
Machines Modern Technology
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DBlaOBRBBeY
• 9) In Pond Raceway System: An Intensive Fish Production System -
Dr. Jesse Chappell
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2fy3MK_uwi4
• 10) Intelligent fish farm—the future of aquaculture
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8435764/