Indian marine and Inland Fisheries resources, and their production potential, fishermen livelihoods, seed production,Inland and marine fish production since 1980' to 2021-22 and State wise per capita consumption, exports, fisheries contribution in GDP, achivements status of PMMSY and potential for mari culture and brackish water fish farming.

1. Introduction to present status of Fisheries
sector and State wise Potential for Aqua-
farming in India
By:
Bhukya Bhaskar
Fisheries

2. Marine fisheries resources & estimated potential of EEZ
(coastal states and union territories) of India-2020-21

3. Inland fisheries resources of States and UT’s

4. only 45% of the ponds and tanks in India are currently utilized for
fish culture, Therefore great potential for horizontal expansion exists.
S.N
o
Type of water body
Area (million
ha.)
1 Ponds and tanks 2.25
2 Lakes and Reservoirs 2.09
3 Bheely and wetlands 1.30
4 Paddy fields 2.30
5 Irrigation canals 0.12

5. Major fresh water species in Inland Aquaculture
a) Carps
India is basically a carp country
• Freshwater farming is mainly focused on carps
• Three Indian major carps viz., Catla, Rohu and Mrigal are the main species cultivated.
• The three Chinese carps – silver carp, grass carp and common carp are also used in the composite fish culture.
• A wide range of technology for seed production and culture of the carps is available
• Carp culture expanded rapidly after 1980s in the states of Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal.
b) Air breathing fishes
Giant murrel, striped murrel, spotted murrel, Magar ,Singhi and Climbing perch are the air breathing fish
available for culture.
• Air breathing fish are the second most popular group of fish cultured in freshwaters.
• They can withstand poor water quality
• Therefore can be grown in areas unsuitable for carp culture such as marshes and derelict water bodies.
c) Crustaceans
Giant freshwater prawn and the Indian River prawn are the two species of crustaceans suitable for culture.
• They are highly priced, fast growing species suitable for export
• They can be poly cultured with the carps
• In mono-culture yields of 800 to 1000 kg/ha/year can be obtained.
d) Molluscs
The freshwater mussels Lamellidenssp and Hyriops sp. are used for production of freshwater pearls.
e) Coldwater fish
The Mahseers and the exotic trouts are species available for cold water fish culture
• Species Mahseers suitable for culture are Tor putitora; T. torT. khudree, T. mosal and T. malabaricus
• The snow trout Schizothoraxsp and minor carps such as Labeo dero and L. dyocheilus are also suitable
coldwater species.
• The exotic cold water fish introduced to India are Salmogairdneri, S. truttafario and Salvelinusfontnualis
• The tenchTincatinca is also suitable so also the common carp, Cyprinus carpio

6. State wise Fishermen Population in India

7. State wise fish seed production in India

8. Summary of Indian fisheries statistics-2023

9. Inland and marine fish production in India
during 2021-22 (Source: Indian fisheries statistics)

10. Species wise Inland fish landings during 2020-21

11. Species wise East& West coastal states/Uts marine fish landings 2020-21

12. Species wise East& West coastal states/Uts marine fish landings

13. State wise(2017-18 to2021-22) total fish production in India(1980-81 to 2021-22)

14. State wise fish consumption (per capita/kg 2020-21

15. Fisheries Exports

16. Contribution of India in World fisheries and Aquaculture

17. Fisheries Economy and contribution in GDP

18. Mariculture Potential in India (Ref: CMFRI)
• status of India’s mariculture,the current mariculture
production from India is less than 0.1 million tonnes per year
against a projected potential of 4 to 8 million tonnes(CMFRI).
• CMFRI has developed and standardised indigenous sea cage
farming technology suitable to Indian coastal and open
waters.
• On average, up to 3 tonnes of fish could be produced in a 6-
diameter cage within a period of 8 months.
• CMFRI has estimated that farmers could earn an economic
return ranging from Rs. 1.5 to 2.5 lakh (approx $1,800 to
$3,000) depending on the species grown from each crop,”
• “CMFRI has identified and geo-referenced 146 potential sites
for sea cage farming within 10 km in the sea from the coast
along the Indian coastline, with a production potential of 2.13
million tonnes per year.

19. Cont...
• In these, four sites from Kerala in an area of nearly
1300 hectares.”
• Earlier, the institute had identified 342 potential sites
for seaweed farming with a production potential of 9.7
million tonnes (wet weight) in a year.
• The projected annual mariculture production potential
based on area available in the Indian region is 4 to 8
million tonnes, whereas the current estimated
mariculture production is less than 0.01 million tonne
per year.
• Mariculture systems currently in use are different types
of cages, longlines, rafts, racks, pens, raceways,
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS), and
Integrated Multi Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA).

20. Value wise the present potential tapped and
possible potential Brackish water area in India:

21. Opportunities of Brackish Water Aquaculture
(Ref: MBSA-2022, NFDB)
• Brackish water of fisheries resources of India include estuaries, coastline,
Backwater, Mangroves & Lagoons.
• There are about 3.9 million ha of estuaries and 0.5 million ha coastal
mangrove areas available in the Country.
• In addition, there is availability of a potential brackish water area estimated
at about 1.20 million hectare.
• However, only 12.96% of the potential area i.e. 155,598 hectare has been
used for brackish water aquaculture.
• Even in this about 50,000 ha (i.e. 32%)is still adopting traditional practice
where the yield of only 0.5 tonnes/ha is obtained as against possibility of 8
tonnes/ ha with more potential culture.
• This shows that, there is vast opportunity for the development of brackish
water fish/ shell fish farming in India.
• Thus against the total 96 Lakh tonnes possible potential of from 1.2 Million
ha at the rate of 8 tonnes/ha and additional 0.06 tonnes/ha from estuaries
and Mangroves, thereby a total of 96.264 Lakh tonnes from a cumulative
total of 5.6 million ha, only 1.55 Lakh ha (12.96% of pond) and only 3.93
lakh tonnes (4.08% of tonnes) is being tapped.

22. Cont...
• Amongst state West Bengal and Gujarat have the maximum potential area under
brackish water aquaculture .
• Andhra Pradesh has utilized the maximum of the available potential area under
brackish water aquaculture i.e. around 35%.
• The production for the year 2014-15 was around 3.93 lakh MT.
• The major contributor was Andhra Pradesh with a production of around 2.46 lakh
MT followed by West Bengal with a production of around 0.53 lakh MT. 2.4
Brackish water aquaculture in the country has expanded steadily from a traditional
activity to reach the present commercial scale.
• The growth of shrimp aquaculture sector was phenomenal during the 90’s and this
has resulted in the all-round development in shrimp hatcheries, feed mills, ancillary
industries like ice plants, processing plants, drugs and chemical land other
aquaculture related engineering products.
• The sector has generated more than three lakh jobs. The brackish water sector
encompasses the cultivation of giant tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and exotic
white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).

23. Cont..
• Tiger shrimp (P. monodon) has been the major contributor in the shrimp
production, but for the past few years downward trend in production has
been observed in giant tiger shrimp production due to frequent disease
outbreaks.
• With the introduction of non-native white legged shrimp (L. vannamei) in
the period 2005-09, the brackish water aquaculture has got a major thrust.
From a production of 90,000 MT in the year 2010, it rose to 3,53,413 MT
in 2014-15.
• It had also increased the export earnings by leaps and bounds. Production
of L.Vannamei increased by 41% to 3,53,413 MT.
• The export of Vannamei (2014-15) has shown positive growth of 2,22,176
MT from 1,75,071 MT and U$D 2372.80 Million (14236.80 crores) from
1,994.27 Million (11965.62 crores), compared to 2013-14.
• The superior traits of the species such as higher tolerance capacity, lower
feed requirements, higher survival rate, fast growth rate and others
contributed to the growth in the brackish water aquaculture production.

24. Fresh water Aquaculture
• in India, the culture system is based on 3-6 species combination, Chinese
have 10 or more species in a single pond thus maximising productivity.
Indian aquaculture has demonstrated a six and half fold growth over the
last two decades, with freshwater aquaculture contributing over 95% of the
total aquaculture production. India is bestowed with 3.15 million ha of
reservoirs, 2.36 million ha of ponds and tanks as well as 0.19 million ha of
rivers and canals

25. Physical Achievements: Approved Activities under Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada
Yojana during (Ref: Dept of fisheries, GOI)
• 677462 nos of Fisher's families to get livelihood and
nutritional support during fishing ban/lean period
• 118031 nos of Rafts and Monoline/Tubenets for
seaweed cultivation
• 17529 no of Fish transportation facilities
• 13014 Pond area (in Ha) under Inland aquaculture
• 20822 Number of cages and 245.7 hectares pens in
reservoirs and other water bodies
• 4250 no of Bio-toilets in mechanized fishing vessels
• 4008 nos Replacement boats
• 3392 nos of Re-circulatory Aquaculture Systems (RAS)
• 2716 nos of Biofloc units
• 720 nos of Fish Farmers Producers Organizations
(FFPOs)

27. • 3331 nos of fish retail markets, Fish kiosks
(including Ornamental kiosks)
• 1689 nos Ornamental fish rearing units and
Integrated Ornamental fish units
• 527 nos Upgradation of Existing fishing vessels
• 465 nos Fish feed mill/plants
• 427 nos Fish/Prawn hatcheries
• 376 nos Deep sea fishing vessels
• 334 nos Ice plant/Cold storages
• 70 nos Extension and support services (Matsya
Seva Kendras)

29. References
• https://thefishsite.com/articles/india-identifies-146-potential-sea-farming-sites-
along-its-
coastline#:~:text=Citing%20the%20status%20of%20India's,4%20to%208%20million
%20tonnes.
• https://nfdb.gov.in/PDF/E%20Publications/6%20Mission%20Brackishwater-
Saline%20Aquaculture%202017.pdf
• https://dof.gov.in/sites/default/files/2023-
01/HandbookFisheriesStatistics19012023.pdf
• https://dof.gov.in/
• https://www.google.com/maps/place/India/@21.7135888,67.5481783,4.5z/data=!
4m6!3m5!1s0x30635ff06b92b791:0xd78c4fa1854213a6!8m2!3d20.593684!4d78.9
6288!16zL20vMDNyazA?entry=ttu
•

30. Thank you for your time B