This document provides information on coastal geography topics including: - The coast can be used for industry, transport, tourism, recreation, and nature conservation. - Destructive waves are associated with storms and erosion while constructive waves are associated with deposition. - Coastal weathering involves physical, chemical, and biological breakdown of rock, and erosion is the wearing away and transport of material. - Waves erode coastlines through abrasion, hydraulic action, attrition, and solution. Headlands are eroded to form coastal landforms. - Material is transported along beaches by swash and backwash. Beaches form through deposition by constructive waves. - Spits, bars,

1. CoastsAim: Geography Revision on the topic of coasts.

2. The coast as a resource
1. The coast can be seen as a multi use
resource. What does this mean?

3. The coast as a resource
Industry- large areas of flat land and access for shipping for
the import of raw materials and the export of finished
Products.
Transport- growing industrial globalisation and trade has meant
that ports are increasingly important. Also, there has been a
growth of cruise holidays has seen the expansion of ports.
Tourism and Recreation- Increasing wealth and more leisure
time has increased the demand for water sport activities.
Residential- Coastal areas are seen as attractive places to
live because of the scenery and recreational opportunities
they offer.
Nature Conservation- Salt marsh and sand dune habitats
are important environments for rare plant and animal species.

4. Destructive Waves
-Describe a destructive wave

5. -Associated with storm
conditions.
-Are created when the wave
energy is high and there is a
large fetch.
-Tend to remove material
from the coast and are
therefore associated with
erosion.
-Backwash is stronger than
the swash.

6. Constructive Waves
-Describe a constructive wave

7. -Associated with calm weather.
-Are less powerful waves.
-Break on the shore and tend to
deposit material.
-Are responsible for transporting
material.
-Swash is stronger than the
backwash.

8. Coastal weathering and erosion
Weathering is the breakdown of rocks in situ.
Erosion is the wearing away of rock and then this rock being carried
away (in this case by the sea or gravity)
They are happening at the same time.
1.Physical weathering is the breakdown of rock without changing its
chemical composition. Freeze thaw is one such type of mechanical
weathering. Explain this process
2.Chemical weathering is the breakdown of rock by changing its
chemical composition. Carbonation is a type of chemical weathering.
Explain this process.
3.Biological weathering is when the roots of vegetation and burrowing
animals breakdown rock. Explain how this happens

9. - What are the four ways in which waves erode?

10. Features of coastal erosion- wave cut platform
-Draw a series of simple
diagrams to explain
how cliffs are eroded
and retreat and
ultimately form wave
cut platforms

11. Features of coastal erosion
headlands and bays animation
-How are headlands and bays formed?
-How is a headland eroded to form caves, arches, stacks
and stumps
arch, cave, stack and stump
Watch the clips below

12. LSD - Double CLICK
Transportation
-Describe how material is moved along the beach
Watch this clip..
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=29o5ntbxjJs#t=27

13. -Why are constructive waves involved in deposition?
-How are beaches formed?
Deposition and depositional features

14. Spits and bars
spit formation
14. Fill in the gaps.
Spits form at sharp bends in the coastline, for example a ___________.
Long shore ________ transports sand and shingle past the bend and
deposits it in the sea. Strong winds and ________ can curve the end
of the spit. The sheltered area behind the spit is protected from
waves and lots of material accumulates – this means plants can
______ here. Over time the sheltered area becomes a mud flat or
_______ marsh.
When a spit joins to headlands together a ________ is formed.
Behind this a lagoon forms. A bar that connects the shore to an
island is called a ___________.
Drift Bar Tombolo Grow River
mouth Salt Waves
Use these words to help you

15. Coastal Management

16. Coastal management
Coastal areas are at risk from erosion and flooding.
-What are the reasons for protecting coastlines?
Social
Economic
Environmental

17. Coastal management strategies
-What is the difference between hard and soft engineering?
-What two types of
hard engineering are
shown in the picture?
-How do they work?
-Name two other hard
engineering
techniques

18. Coastal management strategies
-What is shown in the picture below?
-How do groynes work?
-What is the major
disadvantage of
groynes?

19. Coastal management strategies
-This is a type soft engineering. What is it and how does it work?
-What is managed
retreat?
-How would sand dune
regeneration reduce
the risk of flooding and
erosion?
-Generally hard
engineering methods
are less sustainable
than soft – why?