We have been offering expert level data center cleaning services for over a decade. Our professional cleaning services help to prevent your critical environment and data centre equipment from overheating and potential failure caused by contaminations.
Many attractive investment projects – for instance in energy efficiency – are not carried out for various reasons (lack of capital, information, manpower…). Companies find it difficult to come up with a well-informed, satisfactory answer to the essential question: which projects are the most profitable in the long-term? What they need is a practical working method that is straightforward to use and produces reliable investment guidance. Life cycle costing is just such a method.
Life cycle costing (LCC) compares project cost estimates over the lifetime of a project. This application note shows how you can perform a rational LCC analysis by following a simple, 6-step procedure. The procedure uses common spreadsheet tools, so it’s time-efficient, and it teaches you how to derive numbers from a limited set of input variables; numbers that are good enough to make an informed decision.
The energy manager's guide to real time submetering data 1.16.14GridPoint
This document discusses the benefits of real-time, asset-level submetering for energy managers. It explains that submetering provides visibility into energy usage at both the total site level and individual asset level in real-time. This allows energy managers to (1) optimize equipment performance, (2) implement smarter alarms, and (3) monitor sustainable energy sources. A variety of industry organizations and standards promote the use of submetering for compliance and increased energy efficiency. Access to granular submetering data through an energy management system enables seven hidden benefits including optimized equipment, smarter alarms, integrated sustainability, and dynamic control strategies.
Energy efficiency implementation program for state level in MalaysiaZAINI ABDUL WAHAB
Proposed program by MAESCO at a state level in Malaysia for faster results to reduce energy costs through strategic partnership between government and private sectors and facilities owners and ESCOs.
Practical approach with the state government with some interventions and supports from agencies from the federal government.
Accelerating the Benefits of Food and Bev Sustainability ProgramsSchneider Electric
Food and Beverage manufacturers can strengthen their brand and mitigate business risks by providing more transparency to their customers and stakeholders. Customers want to know more about the brands they buy, and regulatory agencies want to ensure food and beverage manufacturers are environmentally and socially responsible. This white paper demonstrates how using a plan / do / check / act methodology to drive energy management and sustainability programs can lower costs, improve profitability, and control risk.
Make an impact on your environmental balance sheet:
1. Adopt a clear plan that is simple to measure and communicate to stakeholders.
2. Reduce your carbon footprint and environmental impact.
3. Improve public, market and leadership efficacy perceptions of your company.
4. Instill pride in employees, who know that their company is taking real steps forward to conserve energy.
The goal of energy management is similar to the Trias Energetica concept and aims to reduce energy waste, increase energy-efficiency of remaining energy consumers and increase the share of renewable energy. These days companies are confronted with ever more reasons to implement energy management: from legislative issues and stakeholder pressure to corporate vision and global competition. Energy costs money and represents risk and therefore needs to be properly managed.
Probably the biggest problem regarding energy consumption and its related costs is the so-called invisible nature of energy. Since electricity and gas always seem to be available yet usually not physically visible, people tend not to think about it and take energy for granted. This in turn explains the common lack of even a basic insight into the various streams of energy and their related costs. Logically, a lack of insight also leads to a lack of priority and/or commitment and to a lack of resources dedicated to addressing the issue. Nevertheless, more and more companies (especially multinationals in energy-intensive industries) have taken to implementing the international ISO50001 standard for energy management. In a similar manner to other quality system standards, this standard is aimed at structurally embedding energy management within the entire organization.
While a certified energy management system certainly has value, it may be overkill for many organizations. A simplified and pragmatic approach may even lead to quicker results and higher levels of enthusiasm among the staff. Management commitment however is a must, since resources will be needed to gain insight into the energy streams and to implement optimization projects. Understanding where, when, how much, why and at what cost energy is being consumed will require many people in various departments and functions to work together.
Distributed energy resources (DERs) can provide net benefits to the electric system (e.g., congestion relief) and broader society (e.g., emission reductions). However, despite these advantages, the deployment of high penetrations of DER has proved challenging. Against this backdrop, the electric utility is often singled out as a fundamental barrier to deployment of DER assets. To overcome the perceived electric utility shortcomings, many stakeholders conclude that a completely new model is needed for the electric industry.
ScottMadden disagrees with this assessment and instead believes electric utilities maintain natural advantages that can be leveraged to deploy renewables and DER assets as well or better than some models being offered. In our 51st Phase II Roadmap, ScottMadden proposes leveraging the natural advantages of the electric utility in order to accelerate the deployment and penetration of DER assets.
For more information, please visit www.scottmadden.com.
The document discusses collecting and analyzing energy usage data within a company. It explains that the goals are to [1] establish an energy database to optimize energy management, [2] identify weaknesses and savings potentials, and [3] describe the company's annual energy situation and benchmarks. Key aspects covered include gathering data on energy supply, conversion, distribution, utilization, and disposal. Specific metrics like energy consumption per production unit are emphasized to evaluate efficiency over time.
Many attractive investment projects – for instance in energy efficiency – are not carried out for various reasons (lack of capital, information, manpower…). Companies find it difficult to come up with a well-informed, satisfactory answer to the essential question: which projects are the most profitable in the long-term? What they need is a practical working method that is straightforward to use and produces reliable investment guidance. Life cycle costing is just such a method.
Life cycle costing (LCC) compares project cost estimates over the lifetime of a project. This application note shows how you can perform a rational LCC analysis by following a simple, 6-step procedure. The procedure uses common spreadsheet tools, so it’s time-efficient, and it teaches you how to derive numbers from a limited set of input variables; numbers that are good enough to make an informed decision.
The energy manager's guide to real time submetering data 1.16.14GridPoint
This document discusses the benefits of real-time, asset-level submetering for energy managers. It explains that submetering provides visibility into energy usage at both the total site level and individual asset level in real-time. This allows energy managers to (1) optimize equipment performance, (2) implement smarter alarms, and (3) monitor sustainable energy sources. A variety of industry organizations and standards promote the use of submetering for compliance and increased energy efficiency. Access to granular submetering data through an energy management system enables seven hidden benefits including optimized equipment, smarter alarms, integrated sustainability, and dynamic control strategies.
Energy efficiency implementation program for state level in MalaysiaZAINI ABDUL WAHAB
Proposed program by MAESCO at a state level in Malaysia for faster results to reduce energy costs through strategic partnership between government and private sectors and facilities owners and ESCOs.
Practical approach with the state government with some interventions and supports from agencies from the federal government.
Accelerating the Benefits of Food and Bev Sustainability ProgramsSchneider Electric
Food and Beverage manufacturers can strengthen their brand and mitigate business risks by providing more transparency to their customers and stakeholders. Customers want to know more about the brands they buy, and regulatory agencies want to ensure food and beverage manufacturers are environmentally and socially responsible. This white paper demonstrates how using a plan / do / check / act methodology to drive energy management and sustainability programs can lower costs, improve profitability, and control risk.
Make an impact on your environmental balance sheet:
1. Adopt a clear plan that is simple to measure and communicate to stakeholders.
2. Reduce your carbon footprint and environmental impact.
3. Improve public, market and leadership efficacy perceptions of your company.
4. Instill pride in employees, who know that their company is taking real steps forward to conserve energy.
The goal of energy management is similar to the Trias Energetica concept and aims to reduce energy waste, increase energy-efficiency of remaining energy consumers and increase the share of renewable energy. These days companies are confronted with ever more reasons to implement energy management: from legislative issues and stakeholder pressure to corporate vision and global competition. Energy costs money and represents risk and therefore needs to be properly managed.
Probably the biggest problem regarding energy consumption and its related costs is the so-called invisible nature of energy. Since electricity and gas always seem to be available yet usually not physically visible, people tend not to think about it and take energy for granted. This in turn explains the common lack of even a basic insight into the various streams of energy and their related costs. Logically, a lack of insight also leads to a lack of priority and/or commitment and to a lack of resources dedicated to addressing the issue. Nevertheless, more and more companies (especially multinationals in energy-intensive industries) have taken to implementing the international ISO50001 standard for energy management. In a similar manner to other quality system standards, this standard is aimed at structurally embedding energy management within the entire organization.
While a certified energy management system certainly has value, it may be overkill for many organizations. A simplified and pragmatic approach may even lead to quicker results and higher levels of enthusiasm among the staff. Management commitment however is a must, since resources will be needed to gain insight into the energy streams and to implement optimization projects. Understanding where, when, how much, why and at what cost energy is being consumed will require many people in various departments and functions to work together.
Distributed energy resources (DERs) can provide net benefits to the electric system (e.g., congestion relief) and broader society (e.g., emission reductions). However, despite these advantages, the deployment of high penetrations of DER has proved challenging. Against this backdrop, the electric utility is often singled out as a fundamental barrier to deployment of DER assets. To overcome the perceived electric utility shortcomings, many stakeholders conclude that a completely new model is needed for the electric industry.
ScottMadden disagrees with this assessment and instead believes electric utilities maintain natural advantages that can be leveraged to deploy renewables and DER assets as well or better than some models being offered. In our 51st Phase II Roadmap, ScottMadden proposes leveraging the natural advantages of the electric utility in order to accelerate the deployment and penetration of DER assets.
For more information, please visit www.scottmadden.com.
The document discusses collecting and analyzing energy usage data within a company. It explains that the goals are to [1] establish an energy database to optimize energy management, [2] identify weaknesses and savings potentials, and [3] describe the company's annual energy situation and benchmarks. Key aspects covered include gathering data on energy supply, conversion, distribution, utilization, and disposal. Specific metrics like energy consumption per production unit are emphasized to evaluate efficiency over time.
LIfe cycle costing case studies of RES and EE projectsLeonardo ENERGY
Making sound energy investment decisions is a complex task – no matter whether it concerns a renewable energy system (RES) or an energy efficiency (EE) investment. A life cycle cost (LCC) analysis combined with an assessment of the available financing options should be the obligatory path for every investment decision. Decision makers usually focus on familiar financing schemes and may fail to consider alternative means of financing which can be of significant added value to a project.
This paper is intended to be a guide in the process of evaluating a project. Such evaluation includes an assessment of its cost structure through the LCC approach (also called total cost of ownership or TCO) and an assessment of financing options. It will be demonstrated and explained that the most profitable financing is not always the most appropriate one.
Combined cycle plants may have fewer moving parts than coal plants, but that does not mean that their operations are any easier to analyze. Relatively limited operating experience and sparse data allow beliefs to take root—some well-founded and others less so. This report takes a quick look at three such beliefs and offers some tantalizing, although preliminary, observations on these questions:
Do higher capacity factors really result in lower non-fuel costs?
Do older units that start more frequently have higher non-fuel costs?
Do merchant operators do a better job of cost containment compared to rate base operators?
PECB Webinar: Improvement on Energy Performance according to ISO 50001PECB
Continual improvement on energy performance is the ultimate goal of implementing an ISO 50001 Energy Management System (EnMS). In order to achieve it, organizations need to look closely at their specific operation, which will be elaborated more in the online webinar.
PECB trainer Tariq Khan will give you hints and more insights on how to effectively improve an EnMS. He is the Country Manager for IMS Reliance, and has more than 20 years of experience in multiple fields concerning ISO standards. With a rich background working for large organizations, he will use that knowledge to guide interested professionals in energy management.
Energy costs reduction through Energy Performance Contracting projects implem...ZAINI ABDUL WAHAB
Global and local EPC potentials
Overview of EPC
Key steps in a workable EPC implementation mechanism for Malaysia
Support measures required for EPC to grow as an industry
What's next
In today’s commercial buildings, installing an effective
WAGES (water, air, gas, electricity, steam) metering
system can be a source of substantial energy and cost
savings. This white paper examines WAGES metering
as the essential first step toward a comprehensive
energy management strategy. Best practices for
selecting meters, and identifying metering points are
described. In addition, metrics for measuring gains in
energy efficiency are explained.
Energy Industry Update Webcast: Don't Stop Believin'ScottMadden, Inc.
To coincide with the release of the latest Energy Industry Update, ScottMadden joined forces with Energy Central to present an interactive webinar, “ScottMadden’s Energy Industry Update: Don’t Stop Believin’.” During this session, our industry experts shared their views and fielded questions related to grid modernization efforts around the nation, evolving federal policy toward wholesale energy infrastructure development, and opportunities for and possible trade-offs with increased electrification.
The document discusses energy audits conducted by SGS to help organizations improve energy efficiency and reduce costs. It notes that energy consumption is a growing issue for industries due to its impact on costs and sustainability. SGS offers two levels of energy audits - walk-through audits that identify simple improvements and detailed audits using advanced tools. The audits establish energy use profiles, find savings opportunities, and provide strategies to reduce consumption. Clients benefit from cost savings, more efficient production, and sustainable reputations. The document provides an application for organizations to request an SGS energy audit.
EE INDUSTRY-HOW GLOBAL BUSINESS SERVICES VENDORS CAN PLAY A PART TO ENHANCE I...ZAINI ABDUL WAHAB
This document discusses energy efficiency in the industry and how global business services vendors can contribute. It outlines that energy service companies (ESCOs) can implement high-impact energy efficiency projects through energy performance contracting models. Case studies and key success factors are presented, such as having strong policy and regulatory frameworks, sustainable financing mechanisms, and building competency in energy management. Barriers to developing the energy services industry like lack of awareness and skills are discussed alongside recommendations to provide the necessary supports and infrastructure to help the industry grow in order to create jobs and economic opportunities while enhancing sustainability.
Switch to Results in Educational InstitutionsJack Watson
Energy efficiency requires more technological changes beyond traditional investments in retrofits. Institutions have cut spending in key areas such as maintenance, capital investment and staffing. This document address the challenges of skyrocketing energy costs, facilities maintenance budget overruns, and compliance of energy reduction targets while helping you receive net cash to be utilized as necessary to maintain highest of standards of education.
This document provides an overview of Six Sigma and operational excellence. It defines Six Sigma as a management methodology that is customer-focused, data-driven, and aims for breakthrough performance gains and validated bottom line results. The document outlines the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control (DMAIC) methodology and how it relates to process improvement tools like Lean, Theory of Constraints, and Total Quality Management. It also provides examples of implementing a Six Sigma project, including defining the problem statement, measuring key metrics, analyzing data to identify root causes, improving the process, and controlling the results.
Practical approach of ENERGY MANAGEMENT to sustain profitabilityZAINI ABDUL WAHAB
This document summarizes a seminar on energy efficiency for sustainable business. The seminar covered corporate trends and potentials for energy savings to increase profitability, barriers to implementing energy efficiency measures and how to overcome them, key success factors and steps to reduce energy costs, and support needed from the government. Surveys showed that sustainability is increasingly important to businesses and investors. Implementing energy efficiency measures can help businesses reduce costs and boost their image while helping the environment. Barriers to energy efficiency include lack of funding and technical expertise. Adopting an energy management system and clear energy policy can help businesses implement effective energy efficiency projects and achieve sustainable energy savings.
The document discusses the progression and learning from the author's preliminary task to their final magazine production. Specifically:
1. Images were improved by learning to use lighting and camera settings properly as well as photo editing skills in Photoshop.
2. Text formatting was enhanced by using varied fonts, sizes, and colors more effectively to draw attention to key elements.
3. Layout improved through research on conventions and practicing spacing and framing of images and text in Photoshop.
4. Experience taking photos and editing in Photoshop allowed the author to create a higher quality final product that better emulated professional music magazines.
- The target audience for the magazine is 15-27 year old females interested in pop music.
- The magazine attracts this audience through using softer colors like light blue and pink typically seen in fashion magazines. It also features a female artist on the cover modeling fashionable clothes and makeup to relate to the target demographic.
- Words like "exclusive," "win," and "big" in bold are used throughout to entice readers, as are mentions of social media, apps, festivals, and fashion to appeal to younger audiences.
This document discusses how the media product represents particular social groups. Specifically, it summarizes that the magazine is aimed at and represents white, British teenage females interested in popular music. Photos feature mostly female artists to portray them as subjects rather than objects for the male gaze. Softer colors are used to appeal to a younger, female audience. Younger models are featured and a young female artist is on the cover, depicted in a stereotypical but positive way for this target group. Throughout, the magazine aims to empower women and portray them as role models for its target audience.
This document summarizes how the media product uses and develops conventions from real music magazines. It analyzes the front cover, masthead, images, headlines, columns and other design elements. For each element, it provides examples of magazines that commonly use that convention. However, it also discusses some ways the media product challenges conventions, such as using unconventional color schemes and including social media links. Overall, the document demonstrates an in-depth understanding of how music magazine conventions are both applied and adapted in the original media product.
Presentatie over de doorontwikkeling van het beeldgerlcht werken in het beheer van de openbare ruimte voor de praktijkmiddag Beeldgericht Werken van CROW Levende Stad op 14 juni 2016 door Martin Burger van Burger's Organisatie- & Beheeradvies / www.beterinbeheer.nl
Noot: De presentatie werkt het best met de hyperlinks op de onderstreepte tekst en blauwe pijltjes
Through creating a magazine, the student learned about various technologies:
- A Lumix G1 camera to take professional-quality photos and learn camera functions like ISO and aperture. Photoshop was used to edit photos by adjusting brightness and removing blemishes.
- A ring light and learning about lighting techniques like high key lighting to make photos look polished.
- An iPhone to conveniently take photos, email them, and communicate with a focus group.
- Websites like Blogger and YouTube to research magazine conventions, design tutorials, and maintain an online blog to organize the project.
The document discusses codes and conventions used in magazine design. It analyzes the covers of Billboard, Clash, and Q magazines. Some key conventions highlighted include using a simple, bold masthead in a consistent location; limited color schemes for brand recognition; centering the artist to draw attention; and including subtitles and keywords to entice readers. Direct eye contact and mid-shots of the artist are employed to create connection with readers. These magazine covers demonstrate established principles of layout, visual hierarchy, and audience engagement that inform the design of the student's own magazine.
The document analyzes the codes and conventions used in two-page spreads across different music magazines. It finds that magazines commonly use large images of the artist, colorful titles, drop caps, and organized columns to structure text. Color schemes and direct addresses to readers are also used to create connections. However, conventions like background colors and placement of images can vary between magazines. The analysis informs the codes and conventions the author wishes to use in their own magazine spread.
Nikam Prashant has over 7 years of experience in quality assurance for clinical trials. He has experience reviewing protocols, conducting audits of sites and departments, and ensuring compliance. Currently he works as a Scientist in Quality Assurance at Veeda Clinical Research where he reviews documents and facilitates regulatory inspections and sponsor audits. Previously he held roles with increasing responsibility at Synapse Labs, from Research Associate to Group Leader to In-Charge of Quality Assurance. He has a Master's degree in Quality Management Systems and training in good clinical practice.
The document analyzes the codes and conventions used in the contents pages of several music magazines, including Q Magazine, NME, Billboard, and Rolling Stone. Key conventions discussed include the use of large, bold images; clear page numbers for navigation; short article descriptions and quotes to entice readers; consistent branding through colors and layout; and separated sections through lines or whitespace. Overall, the contents pages follow standard formats to attract audiences through visual appeal and easy reading while maintaining a recognizable house style.
LIfe cycle costing case studies of RES and EE projectsLeonardo ENERGY
Making sound energy investment decisions is a complex task – no matter whether it concerns a renewable energy system (RES) or an energy efficiency (EE) investment. A life cycle cost (LCC) analysis combined with an assessment of the available financing options should be the obligatory path for every investment decision. Decision makers usually focus on familiar financing schemes and may fail to consider alternative means of financing which can be of significant added value to a project.
This paper is intended to be a guide in the process of evaluating a project. Such evaluation includes an assessment of its cost structure through the LCC approach (also called total cost of ownership or TCO) and an assessment of financing options. It will be demonstrated and explained that the most profitable financing is not always the most appropriate one.
Combined cycle plants may have fewer moving parts than coal plants, but that does not mean that their operations are any easier to analyze. Relatively limited operating experience and sparse data allow beliefs to take root—some well-founded and others less so. This report takes a quick look at three such beliefs and offers some tantalizing, although preliminary, observations on these questions:
Do higher capacity factors really result in lower non-fuel costs?
Do older units that start more frequently have higher non-fuel costs?
Do merchant operators do a better job of cost containment compared to rate base operators?
PECB Webinar: Improvement on Energy Performance according to ISO 50001PECB
Continual improvement on energy performance is the ultimate goal of implementing an ISO 50001 Energy Management System (EnMS). In order to achieve it, organizations need to look closely at their specific operation, which will be elaborated more in the online webinar.
PECB trainer Tariq Khan will give you hints and more insights on how to effectively improve an EnMS. He is the Country Manager for IMS Reliance, and has more than 20 years of experience in multiple fields concerning ISO standards. With a rich background working for large organizations, he will use that knowledge to guide interested professionals in energy management.
Energy costs reduction through Energy Performance Contracting projects implem...ZAINI ABDUL WAHAB
Global and local EPC potentials
Overview of EPC
Key steps in a workable EPC implementation mechanism for Malaysia
Support measures required for EPC to grow as an industry
What's next
In today’s commercial buildings, installing an effective
WAGES (water, air, gas, electricity, steam) metering
system can be a source of substantial energy and cost
savings. This white paper examines WAGES metering
as the essential first step toward a comprehensive
energy management strategy. Best practices for
selecting meters, and identifying metering points are
described. In addition, metrics for measuring gains in
energy efficiency are explained.
Energy Industry Update Webcast: Don't Stop Believin'ScottMadden, Inc.
To coincide with the release of the latest Energy Industry Update, ScottMadden joined forces with Energy Central to present an interactive webinar, “ScottMadden’s Energy Industry Update: Don’t Stop Believin’.” During this session, our industry experts shared their views and fielded questions related to grid modernization efforts around the nation, evolving federal policy toward wholesale energy infrastructure development, and opportunities for and possible trade-offs with increased electrification.
The document discusses energy audits conducted by SGS to help organizations improve energy efficiency and reduce costs. It notes that energy consumption is a growing issue for industries due to its impact on costs and sustainability. SGS offers two levels of energy audits - walk-through audits that identify simple improvements and detailed audits using advanced tools. The audits establish energy use profiles, find savings opportunities, and provide strategies to reduce consumption. Clients benefit from cost savings, more efficient production, and sustainable reputations. The document provides an application for organizations to request an SGS energy audit.
EE INDUSTRY-HOW GLOBAL BUSINESS SERVICES VENDORS CAN PLAY A PART TO ENHANCE I...ZAINI ABDUL WAHAB
This document discusses energy efficiency in the industry and how global business services vendors can contribute. It outlines that energy service companies (ESCOs) can implement high-impact energy efficiency projects through energy performance contracting models. Case studies and key success factors are presented, such as having strong policy and regulatory frameworks, sustainable financing mechanisms, and building competency in energy management. Barriers to developing the energy services industry like lack of awareness and skills are discussed alongside recommendations to provide the necessary supports and infrastructure to help the industry grow in order to create jobs and economic opportunities while enhancing sustainability.
Switch to Results in Educational InstitutionsJack Watson
Energy efficiency requires more technological changes beyond traditional investments in retrofits. Institutions have cut spending in key areas such as maintenance, capital investment and staffing. This document address the challenges of skyrocketing energy costs, facilities maintenance budget overruns, and compliance of energy reduction targets while helping you receive net cash to be utilized as necessary to maintain highest of standards of education.
This document provides an overview of Six Sigma and operational excellence. It defines Six Sigma as a management methodology that is customer-focused, data-driven, and aims for breakthrough performance gains and validated bottom line results. The document outlines the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control (DMAIC) methodology and how it relates to process improvement tools like Lean, Theory of Constraints, and Total Quality Management. It also provides examples of implementing a Six Sigma project, including defining the problem statement, measuring key metrics, analyzing data to identify root causes, improving the process, and controlling the results.
Practical approach of ENERGY MANAGEMENT to sustain profitabilityZAINI ABDUL WAHAB
This document summarizes a seminar on energy efficiency for sustainable business. The seminar covered corporate trends and potentials for energy savings to increase profitability, barriers to implementing energy efficiency measures and how to overcome them, key success factors and steps to reduce energy costs, and support needed from the government. Surveys showed that sustainability is increasingly important to businesses and investors. Implementing energy efficiency measures can help businesses reduce costs and boost their image while helping the environment. Barriers to energy efficiency include lack of funding and technical expertise. Adopting an energy management system and clear energy policy can help businesses implement effective energy efficiency projects and achieve sustainable energy savings.
The document discusses the progression and learning from the author's preliminary task to their final magazine production. Specifically:
1. Images were improved by learning to use lighting and camera settings properly as well as photo editing skills in Photoshop.
2. Text formatting was enhanced by using varied fonts, sizes, and colors more effectively to draw attention to key elements.
3. Layout improved through research on conventions and practicing spacing and framing of images and text in Photoshop.
4. Experience taking photos and editing in Photoshop allowed the author to create a higher quality final product that better emulated professional music magazines.
- The target audience for the magazine is 15-27 year old females interested in pop music.
- The magazine attracts this audience through using softer colors like light blue and pink typically seen in fashion magazines. It also features a female artist on the cover modeling fashionable clothes and makeup to relate to the target demographic.
- Words like "exclusive," "win," and "big" in bold are used throughout to entice readers, as are mentions of social media, apps, festivals, and fashion to appeal to younger audiences.
This document discusses how the media product represents particular social groups. Specifically, it summarizes that the magazine is aimed at and represents white, British teenage females interested in popular music. Photos feature mostly female artists to portray them as subjects rather than objects for the male gaze. Softer colors are used to appeal to a younger, female audience. Younger models are featured and a young female artist is on the cover, depicted in a stereotypical but positive way for this target group. Throughout, the magazine aims to empower women and portray them as role models for its target audience.
This document summarizes how the media product uses and develops conventions from real music magazines. It analyzes the front cover, masthead, images, headlines, columns and other design elements. For each element, it provides examples of magazines that commonly use that convention. However, it also discusses some ways the media product challenges conventions, such as using unconventional color schemes and including social media links. Overall, the document demonstrates an in-depth understanding of how music magazine conventions are both applied and adapted in the original media product.
Presentatie over de doorontwikkeling van het beeldgerlcht werken in het beheer van de openbare ruimte voor de praktijkmiddag Beeldgericht Werken van CROW Levende Stad op 14 juni 2016 door Martin Burger van Burger's Organisatie- & Beheeradvies / www.beterinbeheer.nl
Noot: De presentatie werkt het best met de hyperlinks op de onderstreepte tekst en blauwe pijltjes
Through creating a magazine, the student learned about various technologies:
- A Lumix G1 camera to take professional-quality photos and learn camera functions like ISO and aperture. Photoshop was used to edit photos by adjusting brightness and removing blemishes.
- A ring light and learning about lighting techniques like high key lighting to make photos look polished.
- An iPhone to conveniently take photos, email them, and communicate with a focus group.
- Websites like Blogger and YouTube to research magazine conventions, design tutorials, and maintain an online blog to organize the project.
The document discusses codes and conventions used in magazine design. It analyzes the covers of Billboard, Clash, and Q magazines. Some key conventions highlighted include using a simple, bold masthead in a consistent location; limited color schemes for brand recognition; centering the artist to draw attention; and including subtitles and keywords to entice readers. Direct eye contact and mid-shots of the artist are employed to create connection with readers. These magazine covers demonstrate established principles of layout, visual hierarchy, and audience engagement that inform the design of the student's own magazine.
The document analyzes the codes and conventions used in two-page spreads across different music magazines. It finds that magazines commonly use large images of the artist, colorful titles, drop caps, and organized columns to structure text. Color schemes and direct addresses to readers are also used to create connections. However, conventions like background colors and placement of images can vary between magazines. The analysis informs the codes and conventions the author wishes to use in their own magazine spread.
Nikam Prashant has over 7 years of experience in quality assurance for clinical trials. He has experience reviewing protocols, conducting audits of sites and departments, and ensuring compliance. Currently he works as a Scientist in Quality Assurance at Veeda Clinical Research where he reviews documents and facilitates regulatory inspections and sponsor audits. Previously he held roles with increasing responsibility at Synapse Labs, from Research Associate to Group Leader to In-Charge of Quality Assurance. He has a Master's degree in Quality Management Systems and training in good clinical practice.
The document analyzes the codes and conventions used in the contents pages of several music magazines, including Q Magazine, NME, Billboard, and Rolling Stone. Key conventions discussed include the use of large, bold images; clear page numbers for navigation; short article descriptions and quotes to entice readers; consistent branding through colors and layout; and separated sections through lines or whitespace. Overall, the contents pages follow standard formats to attract audiences through visual appeal and easy reading while maintaining a recognizable house style.
La persona expresa que aunque conoció a su hijo muy pronto, lo disfrutará y amará más tiempo. Aunque algunos dicen que su vida terminó cuando nació su hijo, en realidad apenas comenzó, ya que su hijo no le quitó el futuro sino que le dio uno nuevo. Ser mamá no le robó su juventud, sino que le dio una nueva perspectiva.
The document describes SmartBuilding Advantage, an energy efficiency program from Duke Energy that uses a holistic whole-building approach to assess a healthcare facility's energy usage, identify potential savings from improvements, and provide incentives to help fund implementation in order to maximize energy savings and return on investment. The program leverages Duke Energy's expertise and incentives like Smart $aver to help healthcare facilities develop a comprehensive energy management plan and strategies to reduce costs and improve their bottom line over the short and long term.
Most organizations can reduce energy consumption by 10-30% through energy efficiency measures. Siemens offers comprehensive energy audits to identify all major energy saving opportunities through analyzing energy usage data and reviewing processes. They also provide financing options that allow customers to implement energy saving projects without upfront capital costs. Siemens then helps customers implement measurement and monitoring systems as well as products and solutions like building energy management to deliver the identified energy savings.
[Oil & Gas White Paper] Optimizing Pipeline Energy ConsumptionSchneider Electric
Effective energy management can benefit the hydrocarbon pipeline operator. Energy consumption costs – the leading expense for most operators – are rising continuously; however, the commitments needed on the part of the operator often impede implementation of energy-saving practices.
Key to effective energy management is the ability to quantify energy consumption accurately at any specific time and its cost and that of drag reducing agent (DR) use. Operators committed to energy management can implement a real-time, system-wide power optimization solution that evaluates the resource efficiency of a steady-state model of the pipeline. This solution will also perform costing runs of alternative configurations, formulated for the next energy cost rate or other ‘what if’ scenarios, in order to find the most energy-efficient alternative that maintains operational safety and integrity. Implementing these alternatives, the operator can save one percent to five percent of energy costs and reduce carbon emissions.
This advanced information management technology makes these costing considerations so practical they can become a routine, real-time operations process. Putting available information to work with this solution can make power optimization extremely realistic and highly rewarding for the company while supporting overall operational security, safety and environmental stewardship.
The document summarizes the key aspects of the Energy Conservation Act 2001 in India. It establishes the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) to promote energy efficiency. The act focuses on reducing demand-supply gaps, emissions, and increasing energy savings through standards and labeling of appliances, energy audits of buildings and industries, and certification of energy managers. It aims to develop a professional workforce in the area of energy efficiency and conservation.
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Co mn-bus-data-center-study-template
1. DATA CENTER EFFICIENCY REPORT
<Study Provider>
Presented to:
<Customer>
<Presentation Date>
Funding by:
<Report Date>
This report is for sample purposes only. The customer’s actual report will contain information and
recommendations based upon the engineering firm’s findings and may or may not reflect the format and
recommendations contained in this sample report.
2. Instructions for Study Providers: This template is intended as a guide to content that Xcel Energy is
expecting to review in order to approve a Data Center Efficiency study for a customer rebate. The italicized
text in this document is instructional in nature and should be edited (deleted) as appropriate for each specific
project. Please use the Table of Contents for easy navigation of your report. Formatting changes may affect
the functionality of the Table.
3. Table of Contents
General Summary................................................................................................................................................................4
Table of recommended ECO’s ...........................................................................................................................4
Introduction.........................................................................................................................................................................5
Purpose of Study ...................................................................................................................................................5
Objectives of Data Center Efficiency Program................................................................................................5
Xcel Energy Disclaimer........................................................................................................................................5
Data Center Description....................................................................................................................................................8
Diagram ..................................................................................................................................................................8
IT Systems..............................................................................................................................................................8
Electrical Systems..................................................................................................................................................8
Mechanical Systems...............................................................................................................................................8
Historic Data Center Energy Consumption......................................................................................................8
Historic Energy Consumption Table .................................................................................................................9
Data Center Energy End Use............................................................................................................................10
Data Center Metrics..........................................................................................................................................................12
Energy Conservation Opportunities (ECOs)..................................................................................................12
ECOs Considered but not Analyzed................................................................................................................12
Energy Conservation Opportunities ................................................................................................................12
ECO Examples..................................................................................................................................................................13
IT Measures..........................................................................................................................................................13
Power Delivery Improvements .........................................................................................................................13
Airflow Management Improvements ...............................................................................................................13
Humidification.....................................................................................................................................................14
Cooling System Improvements....................................................................................................................14
Appendices.........................................................................................................................................................................15
Appendix A: Calculations..................................................................................................................................15
Appendix B: Measurement and Verification Plan.........................................................................................15
Appendix C: ECO form....................................................................................................................................15
4. Executive Summary
General Summary
Describe what you found and what you suggest for solutions and improvements.
Describe the bundles of ECOs that are recommended and explain the concept and benefits of bundled savings. Bundling allows
Xcel to combine short payback projects with long payback projects to offer rebates for measures that individually may not qualify
for a rebate.
Table of recommended Energy Conservation Opportunities Energy Use, and Demand, and Savings
Show as a minimum the same details that are in the Xcel ECO Rebate form
This table is for example only; please replace it with a table appropriate to each study.
ECO# Energy
Conservation
Opportunity
Est.
Customer kW
Savings
Est. Annual
Energy Savings
(kWh)
Est.
Gas
Energy
Savings
(Dth)
Est.
Annual
Electric
Cost
Savings
Est.
Annual
Gas
Cost
Savings
Est. Other
Cost
Savings
Est.
Incremental
Cost of
Opportunity
Est. Total
Cost of
Opportunity
Simple
Payback
(years)
Rebate
1 Virtualize 8:1
ratio
200.0 1,314,000 0 $41,043 0 $12,000 $-35,000 $100,000 Immediate 0
2 Upgrade
remaining
servers
14.0 91,980 0 $2,873 0 0 $22,000 0 5.10 $7,358
3 Airside
management
100.0 657,000 0 $20,521 0 0 $40,000 0 1.00 $19,479
4 Slow down
chill water
pump
25.0 164,250 0 $5,130 0 0 $1,000 0 0.19 0
5 Install VFD
on chiller
0 0 0 0 0 0 $20,000 0 0 0
6 Ultrasonic
humidification
15.0 98,550 0 $3,078 0 -$2,300 $18,000 0 13.00 $7,884
7 Downsize
UPS and
transformer
30.0 262,800 0 $8,048 0 $4,000 $80,000 0 4.90 $21,024
Total of
Individual
ECOs
384 2,588,580 0 $80,693.00 0 $13,700.00 $216,000.00 $100,000 384 $55,745
5. Introduction
Purpose of Study
The purpose of the study is to perform an energy assessment of the customer’s data center and to provide a business case
justification for implementing energy efficiency improvements in the data center.
Objectives of Data Center Efficiency Program
The objectives of the Data Center Efficiency Program are to educate our customers and provide technical and financial assistance
that will allow them to improve the operation and performance of their data centers and minimize life cycle costs, including energy
use and costs.
Xcel Energy Disclaimer
The estimated costs shown for each opportunity are based on previous experience with comparable cost
reduction plans in other facilities. While the energy conservation and load management measures contained
in this report have been reviewed for technical accuracy, Xcel Energy and VENDOR do not guarantee the
cost savings or reduction in total energy requirements presented in the recommendations. Xcel Energy and
VENDOR shall, in no event, be liable to CUSTOMER in the event that the potential energy savings are not
achieved.
The recommendations are based on an analysis of conditions observed at the time of the survey, information
provided by Xcel Energy and costs based upon VENDOR experience on similar projects. Estimated savings
are computed on the basis of research by government agencies product literature, and engineering
associations. Actual savings will depend on many factors including: conservation measures implemented,
seasonal weather variations, fuel price increases and specific energy use practices of the facility’s occupants
and workers. Performance guidelines provided in the report are for informational purposes only and are not
to be construed as a design document. This report is written for energy saving purposes only and should not
be used for bid specifications.
Xcel Energy will not benefit in any way from your decision to select a particular contractor or vendor to
supply or install the products and measures recommended by VENDOR. You are encouraged to ask for the
option of contractors or suppliers you have worked with in the past for further information on the suggested
measures.
Disturbance, removal or replacement of building material, insulation system, high intensity discharge and
fluorescent lamps, lamp ballasts, power factor correction capacitors, starting and running capacitors of motors
and other potentially hazardous components that contain asbestos, mercury or PCB’s will require proper
handling and disposal in accordance with applicable federal and state laws and regulations. It is the
customer’s responsibility to ensure that the contractor follows such guidelines in implementing the
recommendations of this report.
Xcel Energy advises that customers check with their Xcel Energy sales representative to determine the
estimated value of their rebate and to verify that the equipment qualifies for Xcel Energy programs prior to
6. implementing any conservation measure. Some measures identified in this report may qualify for an Xcel
Energy Custom Efficiency rebate. Custom Efficiency projects require pre-approval prior to purchase and
installation. The customer is responsible for submitting project information to their Xcel Energy sales
representative to obtain pre-approval for Custom Efficiency projects and to determine the eligible custom
rebate amount.
7. Key Information
Contact Information
Service Address: ABC Building
414 Nicollet Mall
Minnesota City, MN 55403
Account numbers: 0123456789 electric
2345678910 gas
Customer Contact (at building): John Smith, Facility Manager
Phone: 612/330-1234
Fax: 612/330-5678
Alternate Customer Contact: Jane Doe, President
Phone: 763/263-1234
Fax: 763/265-6789
Engineering Firm: XYZ Consultants
Principal Engineer: John Doe
Xcel Energy Representative: Jeff Jackson
Phone: 612/337-1234
Fax: 612/337-5678
Date(s) study performed: June 12, 2004
Electric Service Provided by: Xcel Energy
Gas Service Provided by: Xcel Energy
Primary Type of Building: Office Building
Data Center Square Feet: 130,000 square feet
Peak Data Center Demand: 1,456 kW
8. Data Center Description
Diagram
Include a general physical description of the data center including square footage of the actual data center, room height, raised floor
height (if applicable), room construction, etc. Include a drawing of the data center layout including support areas. The drawing
should show rack layout, cooling equipment locations, UPS locations, PDU locations etc. Include a discussion about space
available for projected growth.
IT Systems
Include a description of the types of IT work performed in the data center (web hosting, database, etc.). Include general
descriptions of the IT hardware (# of servers, #of network switches, amount of storage, etc.) Include a discussion about operating
systems in the data center (Wintel, Unix, etc.) Include a discussion about the customer’s “standard” hardware refresh and
maintenance practices. Include a discussion about cable mining practices in the data center if relevant. Include a discussion
regarding the customer’s projected growth of IT work and IT hardware in the data center.
Electrical Systems
Describe the existing generators, UPSs and PDUs in terms of capacity, technology, age, and current load on each piece of
equipment. Describe the operational redundancy (N +1, 2N, 2N +1, etc.). Include the manufacturer’s peak rated efficiency and
operating efficiency based on the current operating loads observed. Include a discussion regarding the electrical system’s potential to
satisfy the customer’s projected growth in IT load. Describe the existing lighting systems and lighting control systems and practices.
Mechanical Systems
Describe the existing cooling systems, air moving equipment, and humidification systems in terms of type of equipment, capacity of
equipment, current load, age, and operating efficiency. Describe the customer’s current airflow management practices (hot aisle/cold
aisle, aisle containment, penetration sealing, blanking panels in racks, etc). Describe the current equipment temperature and
humidity set points. Include a discussion of the current temperature and humidity control systems and practices. If free cooling is
present describe the capacity and operating conditions under which free cooling is available. If a central chilled water plant serves
the data center areas and other areas in the facility include a discussion of the non-data center cooling loads served by the central
chilled water plant including hours of operation of the non-data center loads. Include a discussion regarding the mechanical
system’s potential to satisfy the customer’s projected growth in IT load.
Historic Data Center Energy Consumption
9. Describe what the historical energy use table below includes (data center only or the entire facility). Point out the customer’s
applicable Xcel Energy electric and gas rates. If the customer has a demand controlled rate, list the customer’s PDL, describe how
the customer reduces demand to the PDL, and how many times the customer has been curtailed in the last five years. If the table
includes the entire facility and the data center is only a portion of the entire facility describe the functions of the non-data center
portions of the facility and include an estimate of the annual peak demand (kW) and annual energy consumption (kWh) and
(Dth if applicable) associated with only the data center.
Historic Energy Consumption Table
Show actual electric demand (kW), power factor (%), billed electric demand (kW), total electric energy (kWh), total electric cost,
billed gas use (Dth), and total gas cost. Billing history is available from the Xcel Energy Account Manager.
Month Demand
(kW)
Power
Factor (%)
Billed
Demand
(kW)
Electric
Energy
(kWh)
Electric
Cost
Gas Use
(Dth)
Gas Cost
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Total
Table 1- Monthly Electric and Gas Use
IT Equipment Loads
Summarized in the table below is the average power (kW) for IT equipment
Data Center
Areas
Area (sf) IT equipment load (kW) Power Density (W/sf)
Totals
Table 2- IT Equipment Load
10. Data Center Energy End Use
Include descriptions of the systems consuming energy and the breakdown of energy use by system. When the data center includes
multiple IT equipment rooms or is partitioned for specific end uses include the breakdown by room or end use.
Data Center End Use Electrical
Demand
(kW)
Estimated Annual Energy
Use (kWh)
IT Equipment xxx xxx,xxx
Power Delivery Losses xx x,xxx
Supply Fans xx x,xxx
Cooling Compressors xxx xxx,xxx
Pumps and drycooler,
condenser, or tower
fans
xx x,xxx
Humidification xx x,xxx
Lighting xx x,xxx
Other x xxx
TOTALS: x,xxx x,xxx,xxx
Table 3 - Summary of Data Center Electrical End Use
11. Data Center Energy Use (kW)
IT Load
52%
Compressors
25%
Other mechanical
3%
UPS Losses
3%
CRAC evap blowers
7%
Humidification
2%
Lighting
2%
Standby Gen WJH
1%
Glycol and air cooled
condenser fans
3%
Glycol Pumps
2%
Example Figure 1 –Electrical Breakout by End Use
Replace with actual breakdown
12. Data Center Metrics
Measuring the necessary parameters to determine the data center Power Utilization Efficiency (PUE), Data Center
Infrastructure Efficiency (DCiE), Return Temperature Index (RTI), and Rack Cooling Index (RCI) is encouraged but not
required.
Refer to http://www1.eere.energy.gov/industry/saveenergynow/dc_pro.html for more information.
Energy Conservation Opportunities (ECOs)
This section includes descriptions of the measures available for implementation that will reduce energy use in the data center.
Include discussions regarding ECOs that were thoroughly analyzed and discussions of ECOs that were considered but not
analyzed and the reasons for not analyzing each potential measure.
ECOs Considered but not Analyzed
This section would include efficiency improvement measures that may conserve energy but were not thoroughly analyzed. Include
discussions of why the measures were not analyzed. Reasons to not analyze measures include the customer’s unwillingness to
consider a particular measure, the preliminary estimated payback is too long, the existing systems are already highly efficient, and
physical limitations of the facility prohibit implementation.
Energy Conservation Opportunities
This section includes a detailed description of each ECO that was thoroughly analyzed and the results of the analysis. ECOs
involving both the IT systems and the facilities systems should be included. For each ECO the appropriate baseline must be
defined and well as the proposed efficient system. In cases where the baseline is the existing condition, an expanded description of
the existing system is appropriate. In cases where the appropriate baseline is a new “standard” efficiency system, the baseline
system must be adequately described. Tables showing the results of the analysis should be presented for each opportunity. Example
tables that should be included with each ECO are shown below.
Peak
Demand
(kW)
Annual
Electric
Energy Use
(kWh)
Annual Gas
Use (Dth)
Annual
Electric
Cost
Annual Gas
Cost
Annual
Non-Energy
Operating
Cost
Total
Installed
Cost
Baseline A C E G I K M
Efficient B D F H J L N
Difference A – B C – D E – F G – H I – J K – L M – N
Incremental
Cost
Annual Energy Cost
Savings
Annual Non-Energy
Operating Cost
Savings:
Simple Payback:
M - N (G + I) – (H +J) K - L
Incremental Cost / (Annual Energy Cost Savings +
Annual Non-Energy Operating Cost Savings)
13. ECO Examples
The following examples of common data center efficiency measures include a discussion of conditions and practices to consider in
order to perform a complete and accurate analysis of each ECO.
IT Measures Including Server Virtualization and Consolidation, Network Switching
Upgrades, and Storage Consolidation and Optimization
The single most important factor to consider when analyzing a server virtualization/consolidation measure is using an appropriate
baseline. The appropriate baseline depends on several factors including the age of the existing servers to be virtualized or
consolidated, the customer’s practices/policies regarding hardware refresh cycles (typical life of the servers), and the customer’s
maintenance practices on hardware (does the customer typically have maintenance agreements in place on all hardware).
If, for example, a virtualization measure considered was to virtualize 100 existing servers to 10 virtual host servers, and the
existing servers were 3 years old and the typical server life for that customer is 4 years old, the appropriate baseline would be new
servers in a standard configuration, not the existing 100 servers. The baseline installation cost would be the cost of 100 (or the
number of new servers to provide the equivalent capacity and performance of the existing servers) new servers plus installation, set
up, cabling, and programming time.
In contrast, in the above scenario the existing servers were 1 year old the appropriate baseline would be the 100 existing servers
and the baseline installation cost would be $0.
Annual non-energy operating costs would typically be either internal labor costs to maintain the servers or the annual maintenance
agreement costs.
Cooling demand and energy savings that result from IT measures must be included in the analysis of each IT measure. When
calculating the annual cooling energy savings an average annual operating efficiency (kW/ton) must be determined through a bin
analysis and economizer cooling, if present, must be considered. Simply using the cooling system efficiency at peak design conditions
for 8760 hours per year to estimate the annual cooling energy for the baseline and efficient systems is usually not sufficient.
Power Delivery Improvements
Replacing, repairing, and sometimes eliminating transformers, UPSs and PDUs can often result in substantial energy savings. It
is important to determine the actual operating efficiency of these components as opposed to simply looking up the peak rated
efficiency. Particularly with UPSs, the efficiency often drops dramatically at loads less than 70% of rated capacity. Efficiency
curves should be obtained at a minimum. Actually measuring the operating efficiency is preferred. Using the manufacturer’s peak
rated efficiency to estimate annual energy losses this equipment often underestimates the annual energy use of the existing
equipment and underestimates the potential savings from upgrades.
Airflow Management Improvements
14. Multiple measures to improve the efficient utilization of the cool air supplied to cool the IT equipment are available. These include
implementing hot aisle/cold aisle arrangements, hot or cold isle containment, perforated tile optimization, sealing cable and other
raised floor penetrations, installing ducted returns, extending return plenums on downflow cooling units, utilizing a false ceiling as
a return air plenum, and installing blanking panels in the rack. The goal of all of these measures is to get more of the cold supply
air to flow through IT equipment racks without bypassing the racks and without recirculating warm air from the racks back
through the racks. Accomplishing this goal will result in a need for less cool air (cfm) to be supplied and/or allow the air to be
supplied at a warmer temperature and/or allow warmer air to be returned to the cooling units. Supplying less air to the Data
Center will result in fan demand and energy savings and cooling energy savings. Supplying and returning warmer air will result in
improved cooling system efficiency and cooling energy and demand savings.
The reduction in cooling air flow, the changes in supply air and return air temperature, the method of achieving the reductions in
air flow (shutting units off, installing VFDs, etc.) and the methods of achieving the warmer supply and return airflow (changing
setpoints at the individual cooling units, changing the temperature controls) assumed in the analysis must be clearly stated in the
description of the ECO(s).
Humidification
Measures to improve humidification control or change humidification setpoints can result in significant energy savings in many
data centers. Installing adiabatic humidification systems can result in even more energy savings.
Due to the common practice of multiple individually controlled cooling and humidification units, simultaneous humidification and
dehumidification often occurs in data centers, resulting in wasted energy. Simultaneous humidification and dehumidification is
often the result of poorly calibrated temperature and humidity sensors, differing temperature and humidity setpoints at the multiple
units, and humidity set points that are too high or allowable humidity ranges that are too small.
When analyzing a humidification ECO it is important to determine the appropriate design conditions, the degree to which
simultaneous humidification and dehumidification is occurring, and the actual humidification load base on the proper design
conditions.
Actual calibrated temperature and humidity measurements at each cooling unit (at locations relative to the sensor locations) and
comparing the calibrated measurements to the cooling unit readings will assist in determining the amount of simultaneous
humidification and dehumidification that may be occurring.
Cooling System Improvements
Cooling system improvements that result in energy savings can result from simple setpoint adjustments, central control of multiple
units, equipment upgrades and replacements, and installation or enhancement of air side and water side economizers. When
estimating the demand and annual energy use of the cooling systems the actual cooling load should be used, not the peak cooling
capacity of the cooling systems. Also it is important to consider the average operating efficiency based on the cooling load, indoor
design conditions, and ambient weather conditions. The discussion should clearly state the cooling load, peak system efficiency, and
average operating efficiency assumed in the analysis.
15. Appendices
Appendix A: Calculations
All demand and energy use, cost, and savings calculations must be submitted with the report. The preferred method is the actual
spreadsheet files with the cell formulas visible. If the spreadsheet files cannot be provided, then the equations used to calculate the
demand and energy use, costs, and savings must be written out. If a widely used, commercially available energy simulation software
program is used, the name and version of the energy simulation software must be clearly identified and the software input and
output reports for each analysis must be submitted. If proprietary software is used the software must be provided or the
methodology used in the proprietary software must be clearly and precisely defined.
Appendix B: Measurement and Verification Plan
Xcel energy reserves the right to meter any project or portion of a project eligible for a rebate. Any individual measure with 1
GWh or 20,000 Dth or more in annual energy savings must be metered. Xcel energy may elect to meter measures with less
savings when Xcel determines that the savings cannot be accurately estimated.
Study providers must present a proposed plan to meter each ECO analyzed in the Data Center Efficiency study. Metering
locations, duration, and intervals are measure specific and typically pre and post measure implementation metering is required.
Please contact the customer’s Xcel Energy account manager with questions regarding metering requirements. Xcel Energy may
contract with the study provider or another vendor to perform the metering.
Appendix C: ECO form
The current version of the ECO form is available from the customer’s Xcel Energy account manager. Please contact the
appropriate Xcel Energy Efficiency Engineer with questions regarding completing the ECO form.