Thick film multilayer microwave circuits for wireless applicationskavindrakrishna
Thick-film multilayer microwave circuits offer advantages over single-layer circuits for wireless applications. Multilayer circuits allow for strong broadside coupling between conductors on different layers, eliminating the need for fine gaps. This makes them well-suited for thick-film printing technology. Examples discussed include directional couplers and DC blocks fabricated using a multilayer approach that demonstrated improved performance compared to single-layer designs. Thick-film technology is particularly applicable for implementing multilayer microwave circuits due to enabling higher density integration and close coupling between conductors.
Fully 3D-Integrated Pixel Detectors for X-RaysSunnySagar10
The document summarizes the Vertically Integrated Photon Imaging Chip (VIPIC) detector project. VIPIC is a 3D-integrated pixel detector consisting of a 500 μm silicon sensor bonded to a two-tier 34 μm integrated circuit using low temperature direct bonding, and mounted on a printed circuit board using solder balls. Key features include 80 μm pixels, less than 250 ns response time, and 25 μW per pixel power consumption. The detector was tested using radioactive 55Fe and 90Sr sources, demonstrating gains up to 450 mV and input referred noise. The fully 3D-integrated design allows independent optimization of sensing and readout components.
The document discusses the shift to 3D integrated circuit structures and the manufacturing and process control challenges involved. It describes how 3D NAND flash memory uses a vertically stacked structure to increase density in a cost-effective manner. Implementing FinFET transistors also builds vertically by using fin-shaped gates on three sides to improve performance. Significant challenges include precise control over multiple thin film depositions and complex etch processes needed for these 3D structures. Advanced metrology and inspection is required to monitor critical dimensions, material properties, defects and other parameters in three dimensions.
This document describes the cathodic protection system for a 302 km natural gas pipeline running from Shahdol, Madhya Pradesh to Phulpur, Uttar Pradesh. It will utilize an impressed current cathodic protection system with 9 stations along the route providing protection. Temporary cathodic protection using sacrificial anodes will be provided during construction, then a permanent impressed current system will be installed utilizing remote monitoring via SCADA.
An Introduction to Scanning Laser Vibrometry for Non-Contact Vibration Measur...Polytec, Inc.
Learn about Polytec’s non-intrusive and highly productive vibration measurement technology for automated multi-point scanning of structures. The webinar will explain its application to aerospace, automotive, civil, biological, medical and micro- structures.
Topics Include:
- Concept and theory of 1D and 3D scanning vibrometry
- Technical advantages and limitations
- Productivity benefits
- Example applications including FEM validation, modal analysis, acoustics, NVH troubleshooting, automated 3D data acquisition with RoboVib and strain measurement
A Solar-powered, TDMA Distributed Wireless Network for Trace-gas MonitoringClinton Smith
This document summarizes a presentation on developing a solar-powered wireless sensor network for monitoring trace gases like carbon dioxide (CO2). Key points:
1) The network uses tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy sensors with herriott cells and wireless nodes to measure CO2 at various locations around Princeton University.
2) Field tests captured localized CO2 variations at different nodes and validated measurements against commercial sensors.
3) The autonomous solar-powered sensor nodes can help characterize diverse CO2 sources and sinks better than conventional techniques.
4) Future work includes implementing multi-hop networking for wider coverage and exploring 3G connections between nodes.
Thick film multilayer microwave circuits for wireless applicationskavindrakrishna
Thick-film multilayer microwave circuits offer advantages over single-layer circuits for wireless applications. Multilayer circuits allow for strong broadside coupling between conductors on different layers, eliminating the need for fine gaps. This makes them well-suited for thick-film printing technology. Examples discussed include directional couplers and DC blocks fabricated using a multilayer approach that demonstrated improved performance compared to single-layer designs. Thick-film technology is particularly applicable for implementing multilayer microwave circuits due to enabling higher density integration and close coupling between conductors.
Fully 3D-Integrated Pixel Detectors for X-RaysSunnySagar10
The document summarizes the Vertically Integrated Photon Imaging Chip (VIPIC) detector project. VIPIC is a 3D-integrated pixel detector consisting of a 500 μm silicon sensor bonded to a two-tier 34 μm integrated circuit using low temperature direct bonding, and mounted on a printed circuit board using solder balls. Key features include 80 μm pixels, less than 250 ns response time, and 25 μW per pixel power consumption. The detector was tested using radioactive 55Fe and 90Sr sources, demonstrating gains up to 450 mV and input referred noise. The fully 3D-integrated design allows independent optimization of sensing and readout components.
The document discusses the shift to 3D integrated circuit structures and the manufacturing and process control challenges involved. It describes how 3D NAND flash memory uses a vertically stacked structure to increase density in a cost-effective manner. Implementing FinFET transistors also builds vertically by using fin-shaped gates on three sides to improve performance. Significant challenges include precise control over multiple thin film depositions and complex etch processes needed for these 3D structures. Advanced metrology and inspection is required to monitor critical dimensions, material properties, defects and other parameters in three dimensions.
This document describes the cathodic protection system for a 302 km natural gas pipeline running from Shahdol, Madhya Pradesh to Phulpur, Uttar Pradesh. It will utilize an impressed current cathodic protection system with 9 stations along the route providing protection. Temporary cathodic protection using sacrificial anodes will be provided during construction, then a permanent impressed current system will be installed utilizing remote monitoring via SCADA.
An Introduction to Scanning Laser Vibrometry for Non-Contact Vibration Measur...Polytec, Inc.
Learn about Polytec’s non-intrusive and highly productive vibration measurement technology for automated multi-point scanning of structures. The webinar will explain its application to aerospace, automotive, civil, biological, medical and micro- structures.
Topics Include:
- Concept and theory of 1D and 3D scanning vibrometry
- Technical advantages and limitations
- Productivity benefits
- Example applications including FEM validation, modal analysis, acoustics, NVH troubleshooting, automated 3D data acquisition with RoboVib and strain measurement
A Solar-powered, TDMA Distributed Wireless Network for Trace-gas MonitoringClinton Smith
This document summarizes a presentation on developing a solar-powered wireless sensor network for monitoring trace gases like carbon dioxide (CO2). Key points:
1) The network uses tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy sensors with herriott cells and wireless nodes to measure CO2 at various locations around Princeton University.
2) Field tests captured localized CO2 variations at different nodes and validated measurements against commercial sensors.
3) The autonomous solar-powered sensor nodes can help characterize diverse CO2 sources and sinks better than conventional techniques.
4) Future work includes implementing multi-hop networking for wider coverage and exploring 3G connections between nodes.
The document provides information on IC technology, including Moore's Law, the cost of fabrication, what a silicon chip is, switches, semiconductors and doping, IC technologies, MOS transistors, fabrication technology, CMOS technology, BiCMOS, semiconductor fabrication processes like lithography, etching, deposition, chemical mechanical planarization, oxidation, ion implantation, and diffusion. It also discusses the basic processes for NMOS and CMOS fabrication, including starting with a silicon wafer and using masks and steps like oxidation, deposition, doping, and etching to build the transistors.
This document provides an overview of the history and fundamentals of VLSI technology and fabrication. It discusses how vacuum tubes in early electronic devices were replaced by transistors and integrated circuits. The first integrated circuits only had a few transistors, but due to continuous scaling and improvements in silicon manufacturing processes, modern chips can now contain over 1 billion transistors. The document outlines the key steps in fabricating integrated circuits, including crystal growth, wafer processing, lithography, deposition, doping, and packaging. It explains why silicon became the predominant semiconductor material and how CMOS technology replaced NMOS due to its lower power consumption. The syllabus covers topics like photolithography, diffusion, metallization, testing and packaging of integrated circuits.
This document provides an overview of the history and fundamentals of VLSI technology and fabrication. It discusses the transition from vacuum tubes to transistors, the development of integrated circuits, and Moore's Law of transistor scaling. The key steps in VLSI chip fabrication are described, including wafer manufacturing, deposition, patterning, etching, and metallization. CMOS technology is highlighted as enabling large-scale integration due to its low power dissipation. The syllabus outlines topics like crystal growth, photolithography, oxidation, and testing/packaging.
This document provides an overview of VLSI design and MOS transistor principles. It discusses why VLSI design is important due to improvements in integration, power, speed and cost. A brief history of transistor invention and integrated circuit development is given. MOS transistor operation principles including NMOS and PMOS types are explained. CMOS logic gates like inverter, NAND and NOR are described. Electrical properties of CMOS like ideal I-V characteristics are covered.
The document discusses CMOS VLSI design technology and future trends. It provides an overview of CMOS technology and basic MOSFET operation. It then discusses how nanotechnology and integrated tri-gate transistors can help address limitations of CMOS scaling by reducing feature sizes and parasitic leakage. The document concludes that continued CMOS scaling will eventually be limited and alternatives like nanotechnology may be needed to retain device characteristics at smaller sizes.
This document provides an overview of VLSI design and MOS transistors. It discusses the basic steps of IC fabrication for PMOS, NMOS, CMOS, and BiCMOS processes. It also covers MOS transistor switches, including the MOSFET, transmission gate, and pass transistor logic. The document then examines the basic electrical properties of MOS and BiCMOS circuits, such as threshold voltage, body effect, and Ids-Vds relationships. It provides details on SOI fabrication processes and compares CMOS to bipolar technologies.
The document discusses basic concepts in VLSI design including:
- The history and progression of integrated circuit generations from SSI to VLSI to ULSI.
- The basic operation and types (enhancement vs depletion, NMOS vs PMOS) of MOS transistors.
- Fabrication processes for CMOS, including masks, diffusion, deposition of oxide and polysilicon layers.
- Threshold voltage and factors that determine it such as oxide thickness and charges at interfaces.
This document provides an overview of the fabrication process for integrated circuits. It begins by describing how raw silicon is refined and cut into wafers for processing. The key steps of fabrication include deposition, removal, patterning, and modifying electrical properties. Transistors are constructed through a series of front-end and back-end processing steps involving deposition, etching, and lithography. Basic transistor behavior and potential latch-up issues are also explained. The document provides details on transistor structure, electrical modeling, and techniques for avoiding latch-up failures during fabrication.
CMOS is a combination of NMOS and PMOS transistors used to manufacture analog and digital circuits. It has low power consumption and is highly immune to noise. CMOS fabrication involves growing wells and gates, and diffusing sources and drains. CMOS circuits use both NMOS and PMOS transistors arranged so that one is on and the other is off for any input, allowing logic functions with very low power use. It is widely used to manufacture microprocessors, memory chips, and other digital circuits.
This document summarizes reliability testing performed on multilayer ceramic (MLC) decoupling capacitors with C4 interconnects. It discusses three types of capacitors - DCAP, LICA, and LP-LICA - which differ in size, capacitance, and number of plates. Extensive reliability stress tests were conducted, including thermal shock, moisture resistance, thermal cycling, high temperature bias, and temperature humidity bias. No failures were observed for any capacitors during the tests, and all electrical parameters remained stable, demonstrating the reliability of the C4 interconnect technology for MLC decoupling capacitors.
Microelectronics involves the study and manufacturing of very small electronic components on a single semiconductor substrate known as a chip. The key components are integrated circuits (ICs) which contain both active components like transistors and diodes, and passive components like resistors, capacitors, and inductors. There are several fabrication processes used to manufacture ICs, including deposition, photolithography, etching, and doping. ICs provide advantages over discrete components like reduced size, cost, and power consumption.
Microelectronics involves the study and manufacturing of very small electronic components on a single semiconductor substrate known as a chip. The key components are integrated circuits (ICs) which contain both active components like transistors and diodes, and passive components like resistors, capacitors, and inductors. There are several fabrication processes used to manufacture ICs, including deposition, photolithography, etching, and doping. ICs provide advantages over discrete components like reduced size, cost, and power consumption.
The document discusses the history and development of transistors from their invention in 1947 to modern 3D transistors. It describes how Moore's Law of transistor scaling led to the development of 3D tri-gate transistors to overcome limitations of planar transistors. The document explains how 3D transistors provide better performance than planar transistors through conducting channels on three sides of a vertical fin structure. It discusses the construction, operation, benefits and challenges of integrating 3D transistors into mainstream manufacturing.
The document discusses research into printed carbon nanotube (CNT) vacuum electronics. It aims to demonstrate the feasibility of printed CNT devices and integrating a vacuum diode into printed electronics. Progress includes growing high quality CNTs at low temperatures compatible with substrates, demonstrating vacuum diodes with thresholds of 15V, and developing the process flow and mask design for a nanoscale printed diode.
This document discusses the use of carbon nanotubes in field emission displays. It begins with an introduction to carbon nanotubes, explaining their hexagonal structure and strong yet lightweight properties. It then discusses field emission displays and how they work using electron emission from microtips. The document proposes using carbon nanotubes as the electron emitters in field emission displays due to their high aspect ratio and ability to emit electrons at low voltages. The remainder of the document discusses the components and working principles of field emission displays, compares their attributes to other display technologies, and presents images of carbon nanotube field emission displays.
High-k für Alle - Beyond DRAM capacitors and HKMGJonas Sundqvist
This document discusses the history and applications of high-k dielectric materials. It begins by covering the early developments of atomic layer deposition (ALD) and its use in fabricating high-k metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors in the 1990s. It then outlines several applications of high-k dielectrics in memory and logic devices, including DRAM, embedded memory, resistive RAM (RRAM), and ferroelectric memory (FRAM). The document proceeds to describe the work done with high-k materials at the Fraunhofer Institute, including integrated capacitors, system-on-chip (SoC) applications, and ferroelectric memory devices. It concludes by noting the potential for scaling ferro
M. Meyyappan provides an overview of recent developments in nanotechnology at NASA Ames Research Center. The center's research focuses on carbon nanotubes, molecular electronics, inorganic nanowires, and protein nanotubes. Applications being developed include nanoelectronics, sensors, gene sequencing using nanopores, and microscopy using carbon nanotube tips. Challenges include controlling material properties at the nanoscale and developing large-scale production methods.
This document provides an overview of nanoelectronics. It defines nanoelectronics as a branch of engineering that uses electronic components with dimensions measured in nanometers. The document discusses how nanoelectronics can be used to reduce the size of electronic devices. It also outlines several applications of nanoelectronics in electronics, energy, and displays. Finally, it discusses future opportunities for nanoelectronics in areas like flexible electronics, wireless devices, and molecular devices.
Nanoscale Based Digital VLSI Circuits (1) - NEHA PATEL.pptx.pdfbatpad
This document discusses nanoscale-based digital VLSI devices and the future of semiconductor technology. It describes how nanoscale devices like FinFET transistors, carbon nanotubes, nanowire transistors, and quantum dots can enable smaller, faster, and more energy efficient circuits. Some challenges with nanoscale device integration are manufacturing precision, variability, and reliability. The document outlines several future trends for nanoscale technologies like miniaturization, post-CMOS devices, 3D integration, and biologically inspired circuits.
This document discusses MOSFET scaling and emerging nanoelectronic devices. It begins by outlining the objectives and introducing MOSFET scaling and its limits. It then describes techniques used for continued MOSFET scaling like strained silicon and high-k dielectrics. Emerging devices like FinFETs, organic field-effect transistors, and single electron transistors are also summarized. Fabrication processes for devices like TiOx single electron transistors using STM oxidation are briefly outlined.
This study Examines the Effectiveness of Talent Procurement through the Imple...DharmaBanothu
In the world with high technology and fast
forward mindset recruiters are walking/showing interest
towards E-Recruitment. Present most of the HRs of
many companies are choosing E-Recruitment as the best
choice for recruitment. E-Recruitment is being done
through many online platforms like Linkedin, Naukri,
Instagram , Facebook etc. Now with high technology E-
Recruitment has gone through next level by using
Artificial Intelligence too.
Key Words : Talent Management, Talent Acquisition , E-
Recruitment , Artificial Intelligence Introduction
Effectiveness of Talent Acquisition through E-
Recruitment in this topic we will discuss about 4important
and interlinked topics which are
The document provides information on IC technology, including Moore's Law, the cost of fabrication, what a silicon chip is, switches, semiconductors and doping, IC technologies, MOS transistors, fabrication technology, CMOS technology, BiCMOS, semiconductor fabrication processes like lithography, etching, deposition, chemical mechanical planarization, oxidation, ion implantation, and diffusion. It also discusses the basic processes for NMOS and CMOS fabrication, including starting with a silicon wafer and using masks and steps like oxidation, deposition, doping, and etching to build the transistors.
This document provides an overview of the history and fundamentals of VLSI technology and fabrication. It discusses how vacuum tubes in early electronic devices were replaced by transistors and integrated circuits. The first integrated circuits only had a few transistors, but due to continuous scaling and improvements in silicon manufacturing processes, modern chips can now contain over 1 billion transistors. The document outlines the key steps in fabricating integrated circuits, including crystal growth, wafer processing, lithography, deposition, doping, and packaging. It explains why silicon became the predominant semiconductor material and how CMOS technology replaced NMOS due to its lower power consumption. The syllabus covers topics like photolithography, diffusion, metallization, testing and packaging of integrated circuits.
This document provides an overview of the history and fundamentals of VLSI technology and fabrication. It discusses the transition from vacuum tubes to transistors, the development of integrated circuits, and Moore's Law of transistor scaling. The key steps in VLSI chip fabrication are described, including wafer manufacturing, deposition, patterning, etching, and metallization. CMOS technology is highlighted as enabling large-scale integration due to its low power dissipation. The syllabus outlines topics like crystal growth, photolithography, oxidation, and testing/packaging.
This document provides an overview of VLSI design and MOS transistor principles. It discusses why VLSI design is important due to improvements in integration, power, speed and cost. A brief history of transistor invention and integrated circuit development is given. MOS transistor operation principles including NMOS and PMOS types are explained. CMOS logic gates like inverter, NAND and NOR are described. Electrical properties of CMOS like ideal I-V characteristics are covered.
The document discusses CMOS VLSI design technology and future trends. It provides an overview of CMOS technology and basic MOSFET operation. It then discusses how nanotechnology and integrated tri-gate transistors can help address limitations of CMOS scaling by reducing feature sizes and parasitic leakage. The document concludes that continued CMOS scaling will eventually be limited and alternatives like nanotechnology may be needed to retain device characteristics at smaller sizes.
This document provides an overview of VLSI design and MOS transistors. It discusses the basic steps of IC fabrication for PMOS, NMOS, CMOS, and BiCMOS processes. It also covers MOS transistor switches, including the MOSFET, transmission gate, and pass transistor logic. The document then examines the basic electrical properties of MOS and BiCMOS circuits, such as threshold voltage, body effect, and Ids-Vds relationships. It provides details on SOI fabrication processes and compares CMOS to bipolar technologies.
The document discusses basic concepts in VLSI design including:
- The history and progression of integrated circuit generations from SSI to VLSI to ULSI.
- The basic operation and types (enhancement vs depletion, NMOS vs PMOS) of MOS transistors.
- Fabrication processes for CMOS, including masks, diffusion, deposition of oxide and polysilicon layers.
- Threshold voltage and factors that determine it such as oxide thickness and charges at interfaces.
This document provides an overview of the fabrication process for integrated circuits. It begins by describing how raw silicon is refined and cut into wafers for processing. The key steps of fabrication include deposition, removal, patterning, and modifying electrical properties. Transistors are constructed through a series of front-end and back-end processing steps involving deposition, etching, and lithography. Basic transistor behavior and potential latch-up issues are also explained. The document provides details on transistor structure, electrical modeling, and techniques for avoiding latch-up failures during fabrication.
CMOS is a combination of NMOS and PMOS transistors used to manufacture analog and digital circuits. It has low power consumption and is highly immune to noise. CMOS fabrication involves growing wells and gates, and diffusing sources and drains. CMOS circuits use both NMOS and PMOS transistors arranged so that one is on and the other is off for any input, allowing logic functions with very low power use. It is widely used to manufacture microprocessors, memory chips, and other digital circuits.
This document summarizes reliability testing performed on multilayer ceramic (MLC) decoupling capacitors with C4 interconnects. It discusses three types of capacitors - DCAP, LICA, and LP-LICA - which differ in size, capacitance, and number of plates. Extensive reliability stress tests were conducted, including thermal shock, moisture resistance, thermal cycling, high temperature bias, and temperature humidity bias. No failures were observed for any capacitors during the tests, and all electrical parameters remained stable, demonstrating the reliability of the C4 interconnect technology for MLC decoupling capacitors.
Microelectronics involves the study and manufacturing of very small electronic components on a single semiconductor substrate known as a chip. The key components are integrated circuits (ICs) which contain both active components like transistors and diodes, and passive components like resistors, capacitors, and inductors. There are several fabrication processes used to manufacture ICs, including deposition, photolithography, etching, and doping. ICs provide advantages over discrete components like reduced size, cost, and power consumption.
Microelectronics involves the study and manufacturing of very small electronic components on a single semiconductor substrate known as a chip. The key components are integrated circuits (ICs) which contain both active components like transistors and diodes, and passive components like resistors, capacitors, and inductors. There are several fabrication processes used to manufacture ICs, including deposition, photolithography, etching, and doping. ICs provide advantages over discrete components like reduced size, cost, and power consumption.
The document discusses the history and development of transistors from their invention in 1947 to modern 3D transistors. It describes how Moore's Law of transistor scaling led to the development of 3D tri-gate transistors to overcome limitations of planar transistors. The document explains how 3D transistors provide better performance than planar transistors through conducting channels on three sides of a vertical fin structure. It discusses the construction, operation, benefits and challenges of integrating 3D transistors into mainstream manufacturing.
The document discusses research into printed carbon nanotube (CNT) vacuum electronics. It aims to demonstrate the feasibility of printed CNT devices and integrating a vacuum diode into printed electronics. Progress includes growing high quality CNTs at low temperatures compatible with substrates, demonstrating vacuum diodes with thresholds of 15V, and developing the process flow and mask design for a nanoscale printed diode.
This document discusses the use of carbon nanotubes in field emission displays. It begins with an introduction to carbon nanotubes, explaining their hexagonal structure and strong yet lightweight properties. It then discusses field emission displays and how they work using electron emission from microtips. The document proposes using carbon nanotubes as the electron emitters in field emission displays due to their high aspect ratio and ability to emit electrons at low voltages. The remainder of the document discusses the components and working principles of field emission displays, compares their attributes to other display technologies, and presents images of carbon nanotube field emission displays.
High-k für Alle - Beyond DRAM capacitors and HKMGJonas Sundqvist
This document discusses the history and applications of high-k dielectric materials. It begins by covering the early developments of atomic layer deposition (ALD) and its use in fabricating high-k metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors in the 1990s. It then outlines several applications of high-k dielectrics in memory and logic devices, including DRAM, embedded memory, resistive RAM (RRAM), and ferroelectric memory (FRAM). The document proceeds to describe the work done with high-k materials at the Fraunhofer Institute, including integrated capacitors, system-on-chip (SoC) applications, and ferroelectric memory devices. It concludes by noting the potential for scaling ferro
M. Meyyappan provides an overview of recent developments in nanotechnology at NASA Ames Research Center. The center's research focuses on carbon nanotubes, molecular electronics, inorganic nanowires, and protein nanotubes. Applications being developed include nanoelectronics, sensors, gene sequencing using nanopores, and microscopy using carbon nanotube tips. Challenges include controlling material properties at the nanoscale and developing large-scale production methods.
This document provides an overview of nanoelectronics. It defines nanoelectronics as a branch of engineering that uses electronic components with dimensions measured in nanometers. The document discusses how nanoelectronics can be used to reduce the size of electronic devices. It also outlines several applications of nanoelectronics in electronics, energy, and displays. Finally, it discusses future opportunities for nanoelectronics in areas like flexible electronics, wireless devices, and molecular devices.
Nanoscale Based Digital VLSI Circuits (1) - NEHA PATEL.pptx.pdfbatpad
This document discusses nanoscale-based digital VLSI devices and the future of semiconductor technology. It describes how nanoscale devices like FinFET transistors, carbon nanotubes, nanowire transistors, and quantum dots can enable smaller, faster, and more energy efficient circuits. Some challenges with nanoscale device integration are manufacturing precision, variability, and reliability. The document outlines several future trends for nanoscale technologies like miniaturization, post-CMOS devices, 3D integration, and biologically inspired circuits.
This document discusses MOSFET scaling and emerging nanoelectronic devices. It begins by outlining the objectives and introducing MOSFET scaling and its limits. It then describes techniques used for continued MOSFET scaling like strained silicon and high-k dielectrics. Emerging devices like FinFETs, organic field-effect transistors, and single electron transistors are also summarized. Fabrication processes for devices like TiOx single electron transistors using STM oxidation are briefly outlined.
Similar to CNT embedded MOS DEVICES for Memory Application (20)
This study Examines the Effectiveness of Talent Procurement through the Imple...DharmaBanothu
In the world with high technology and fast
forward mindset recruiters are walking/showing interest
towards E-Recruitment. Present most of the HRs of
many companies are choosing E-Recruitment as the best
choice for recruitment. E-Recruitment is being done
through many online platforms like Linkedin, Naukri,
Instagram , Facebook etc. Now with high technology E-
Recruitment has gone through next level by using
Artificial Intelligence too.
Key Words : Talent Management, Talent Acquisition , E-
Recruitment , Artificial Intelligence Introduction
Effectiveness of Talent Acquisition through E-
Recruitment in this topic we will discuss about 4important
and interlinked topics which are
Height and depth gauge linear metrology.pdfq30122000
Height gauges may also be used to measure the height of an object by using the underside of the scriber as the datum. The datum may be permanently fixed or the height gauge may have provision to adjust the scale, this is done by sliding the scale vertically along the body of the height gauge by turning a fine feed screw at the top of the gauge; then with the scriber set to the same level as the base, the scale can be matched to it. This adjustment allows different scribers or probes to be used, as well as adjusting for any errors in a damaged or resharpened probe.
This presentation is about Food Delivery Systems and how they are developed using the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and other methods. It explains the steps involved in creating a food delivery app, from planning and designing to testing and launching. The slide also covers different tools and technologies used to make these systems work efficiently.
Tools & Techniques for Commissioning and Maintaining PV Systems W-Animations ...Transcat
Join us for this solutions-based webinar on the tools and techniques for commissioning and maintaining PV Systems. In this session, we'll review the process of building and maintaining a solar array, starting with installation and commissioning, then reviewing operations and maintenance of the system. This course will review insulation resistance testing, I-V curve testing, earth-bond continuity, ground resistance testing, performance tests, visual inspections, ground and arc fault testing procedures, and power quality analysis.
Fluke Solar Application Specialist Will White is presenting on this engaging topic:
Will has worked in the renewable energy industry since 2005, first as an installer for a small east coast solar integrator before adding sales, design, and project management to his skillset. In 2022, Will joined Fluke as a solar application specialist, where he supports their renewable energy testing equipment like IV-curve tracers, electrical meters, and thermal imaging cameras. Experienced in wind power, solar thermal, energy storage, and all scales of PV, Will has primarily focused on residential and small commercial systems. He is passionate about implementing high-quality, code-compliant installation techniques.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
A high-Speed Communication System is based on the Design of a Bi-NoC Router, ...DharmaBanothu
The Network on Chip (NoC) has emerged as an effective
solution for intercommunication infrastructure within System on
Chip (SoC) designs, overcoming the limitations of traditional
methods that face significant bottlenecks. However, the complexity
of NoC design presents numerous challenges related to
performance metrics such as scalability, latency, power
consumption, and signal integrity. This project addresses the
issues within the router's memory unit and proposes an enhanced
memory structure. To achieve efficient data transfer, FIFO buffers
are implemented in distributed RAM and virtual channels for
FPGA-based NoC. The project introduces advanced FIFO-based
memory units within the NoC router, assessing their performance
in a Bi-directional NoC (Bi-NoC) configuration. The primary
objective is to reduce the router's workload while enhancing the
FIFO internal structure. To further improve data transfer speed,
a Bi-NoC with a self-configurable intercommunication channel is
suggested. Simulation and synthesis results demonstrate
guaranteed throughput, predictable latency, and equitable
network access, showing significant improvement over previous
designs
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
1. Carbon nanotube embedded MOS structure for memory device
applications
A project work submitted for partial fulfillment of
M.Sc. (Instrumentation Science) degree
By
Soumit Bose
Roll no. MI1822002
2. INTRODUCTION
Research has been devoted to develop new materials and structures for several
applications in VLSI technology due to the increased use in portable electronic devices.
Applications such as solar cells, thin-film transistors, light emitting displays, radio
frequency identification (RFID) tags and sensors have been evaluated in the last few
years. Such devices attract electronic engineering, physics, and chemistry due to their
flexibility and low cost processing.
Non Volatile Memory (NVM) is becoming one of the emerging technologies in recent
days. Some of its applications are: (a) It is widely used in Mass Storage Memory such as,
NAND Memories, Hard Drives etc.; (b) It is used in Cache Memory for Enterprise
Storage; (c) It is used in Industrial Automation , Smart meter, Automotive; (d)They are
currently used widely in Embedded MCU for Smart Card such as SIM card, ID card.
One of the well-known memory structures is the floating gate-based memory device;
where typically a thin-film of a floating gate serves as a charge storage node in a
transistor or MIS structure. It is reported that a stable memory behaviour can be
achieved by charging nanoparticles or nanowires, which are integrated into the
insulating layer of the MIS structures or thin-film transistors.
3. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are hexagonally shaped arrangements of carbon atoms that have been rolled into
tubes.
• Diameter: less than 1 nm.
• Length: from a few nanometers up to a millimeter.
• Rolling up a graphene sheet may lead to a CNT (For imagination only!).
4. Properties of CNT
•CNTs have High Electrical Conductivity
•CNTs have Very High Tensile Strength
•CNTs are Highly Flexible- can be bent considerably without damage
•CNTs are Very Elastic ~18% elongation to failure
•CNTs have High Thermal Conductivity
•CNTs have a Low Thermal Expansion Coefficient
•CNTs are good reactives due to their Aspect Ratio
•CNTs have high Surface to Volume ratio.
5. WHY CNTs EMBEDDED IN FLOATING GATE?
A thin-film/discrete carbon nanotube (CNT) is one of the promising candidates for creating
the ubiquitous memory devices for the next generation of nanoelectronics. Due to the
high thermal stability, tuneable band gap, high aspect ratio, nearly zero surface states,
chemical inertness, as well as the excellent electrical properties and mechanical
strength, CNTs is well suited for memory applications where they may act as a charge
storage element in floating gate memory structures.
Now-a-days, high-ĸ dielectric materials are used as tunnel
and control oxides to improve the memory performance. In this report, an attempt has
been made to use the MWCNTs as charge storing sites where the MWCNTs are
sandwiched between HfO2 tunnel and control oxides to get a MOS structure.
6. AIM OF THE PROJECT
Characterization and discerning the acceptability of carbon nanotube to be used in MOS devices
for Non Volatile Memory device applications
7. What are NVM devices?
• Non-volatile memory (NVM) is a type of computer memory that has the capability
to hold saved data even if the power is turned off. Unlike volatile memory, NVM
does not require its memory data to be periodically refreshed. It is commonly used
for secondary storage or long-term consistent storage.
• Non-volatile memory is highly popular among digital media; it is widely used in
memory chips for USB memory sticks and digital cameras.
8. Different NVM devices
• The first type of devices is commonly known as “floating gate” (FG)
devices, where the charges are stored in polysilicon floating gates.
while the second type of devices is commonly known as “charge-
trapping” (CT) devices.
• The CT devices was earlier known as “discrete traps” or “embedded traps”.
• They could hold charges at the interface or bulk of a dielectric film with high
density of available “traps” or local “defects.”
9. Memory concepts in NVM devices
• Silicon based NVM device operates
like a metal–oxide–semiconductor
FET transistor.
• Electronic charges are stored within
the gate dielectric medium. The
process of storing the charges is
called the “writing” of the device. The
writing puts the device to an altered
high threshold state “Vth high” or
memory state “1.”
• The process of removing or
neutralizing the stored electronic
charge is called the “erasing” of the
device. The erasing puts the device to
a low threshold state “Vth low” or
memory state “0.”
10. CHARGE STORING PROCESS IN THIS MOS DEVICES
The two basic operation of the CNTs embedded MOS devices are:
1. PROGRAMMING OR WRITING IN THE CNTs
2. ERASING IN THE CNTs
11. PROGRAMMING OR WRITING IN THE CNTs
Programming is transferring of charge to the CNTs from substrate.
During writing process , a high gate voltage is applied at the gate voltage (say 10V),and the
source terminal is kept at ground, and a positive voltage is applied at the drain terminal(say
7V).The high gate voltage creates a inversion layer of electron between the source and drain
terminal. And as electrons move from source side to drain side some electrons are injected
through the tunnel oxide layer and get occupied in the CNTs .In these way CNTs can store
electron and thus Writing operation is established.
12. ERASING OF CHARGE OR DATA
Erasing means transferring charge from CNTs to Substrate.
During erasing process , the gate voltage is kept at ground terminal ,and the Source, Substrate and Drain are
raised to high voltage(say 10V) .The stored electron inside the CNTs are pushed away from the grounded Gate
terminal and are attracted towards the Substrate side. The tunneling oxide is kept very thin(~4nm),so the
electrons tunnels from CNTs and move towards the substrate side and thus cleaning the electron off the CNTs.
13. FABRICATION PROCEDURE
• The commercially available n-type silicon (100) wafers with a resistivity of 0.1-0.5 cm are
cut into several small pieces of area ~1 cm2 and used as Substrate of dimensions 1cm×1 cm.
• Then Si substrate are cleaned by RCA technique to remove the organic and metal
contaminates from silicon surface, respectively. The RCA (Radio Corporation of America)
clean is a standard set of wafer cleaning technique. Firstly, the Si substrates are cleaned
with RCA I (NH4OH: H2O2: deionized water (DI) = 1 : 1 : 5) solution at 75-80C is heated
for 10 minutes to remove the organic contaminates. Then the Si substrates are cleaned with
RCA II (HCl : H2O2 : deionized water = 1 : 1 : 5) solution at 75-80C for 10 minutes to
remove the metallic contaminates. The substrates were then dried.
• The cleaned Si substrates are then dipped in a 1% solution of Hydrofluoric acid (HF) + DI
H2O at 25oC for sixty seconds to remove the thin native oxide layer and some fraction of
ionic contaminants from the substrates. Finally, DI water rinsing and drying steps must be
performed properly. The HF etching is recommended to be performed just before the
loading into the deposition chamber since the Si surface are very reactive. After HF etching,
the samples were immediately loaded into the sputtering chamber.
14. • The HfO2 deposition was then carried out in argon plasma at a constant pressure of 6.6
x10−3
mB using 99.99% pure HfO2 target at 50W radio frequency power for 4 min. A 4nm-
thick HfO2tunneling oxide was deposited on the surface of the substrate.
• Commercially available MWCNTs, supplied by Sigma-Aldrich, were then coated onto the
tunnel oxide. The diameter of the CNTs was in the range between 110 – 170nm and the
length was in the range of 5 – 9µm. 2-Propanol was used as the solvent to prepare a stable
and homogeneous dispersion of purified (>90%) MWCNTs. In order to obtain a stable good
solution, the concentration of CNTs was fixed as 220mg/L. The solution along with
MWCNTs was ultrasonicated for 10 min. The homogeneous stable solution thus obtained
was filtered. MWCNTs were then drop-casted on HfO2/Si substrate to achieve its thin layer.
• The RF sputtering was again employed to deposit a 20 nm-thick HfO2film on
MWCNT/HfO2/Si substrates. The top HfO2 film acts as the control/barrier oxide.
• Aluminium was then evaporated on the sample using Electron beam evaporation system. The
Aluminium film was then patterned to electrodes of 100 µm diameter by Photolithography
technique to get the MOS structure.
17. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Two samples were taken for measurements
where one sample is without CNT
embedded MOS device and the other one
is CNT embedded MOS device.
The high frequency (HF) C-V
measurements were carried out on two sets
of MOS devices at 1 MHz frequency. The
HF C-V plots for the MOS devices are
shown in Fig. below. Data were taken for
CNT embedded MOS device where gate
voltage sweeps between -8 V↔+8 V. The
green line shows the writing cycles as
voltage is swept from +8 to -8 V. And the
blue line shows the erasing cycle as
voltage is swept from -8 to +8V.
The inset of the figure shows the HF C-V
characteristics of the MOS devices without
CNT where the gate voltage sweeps
between -5V↔+5V.
18. • The hysteresis loops in the C-V
curves indicate hole injection from
the substrate to CNTs under negative
voltage in the programming cycle
and electrons injection under positive
voltage during erasing cycle.
• The inset of the Fig. shows a
negligible hysteresis area for the
device without CNTs indicating no
charge storing property of the device.
• The area under the C-V curve
further indicates increasing charge
storing capacity with increasing gate
voltage for NVM MOS devices.
19. CONCLUSION
• The hysteresis loop area in the C-V characteristics of the CNT-
embedded MOS devices shows the charge holding capacity of the
CNTs when embedded in the HfO2 dielectric.
• Large memory window is also observed for the CNT-based
devices. The results indicate that the CNTs show a charge trapping
entity for non-volatile memory applications.
20. ADVANTAGES
1. CNT embedded devices show better performance in terms of charge storage
capabilities.
2. HfO2 is a better choice as the stacked tunneling oxide. High-k materials helps in
suppressing the leakage current. They have better charge retention then SiO2 gate
dielectrics.
3. Better Program / Erase cycles endurance.
4. CNT embedded Floating Gate MOS devices apply nanotechnology to improve device
performance.
Thus, CNT embedded MOS devices has the potential to replace
conventional Memory devices in the near future.
21. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is my pleasure to express my gratitude to all those who have accompanied
and helped me in my project work.
First and foremost, I really take this opportunity to express my deep sense of
gratitude to my guide , DR. Supratic Chakraborty, of SINP,Kolkata-64,for his
invaluable guidance ,suggestions and encouragement throughout the project,
which helped me a lot to improve this project work. It has been very nice to be
under his guidance. His appreciation during the good times has been boosting
my morals and confidence.
Last, but not the least, I would like to thank my batch mates, seniors my
parents who have inspired me and helped me in this work.