Sustainable and Cheap Electricity\
A financial understanding of the costs and benefits and possibilities of Renewable Energy
My presentation from the Solar Power Africa Conference, 27th August 2012
joint webcast and presentation with USA : launching new shared market initiative on Leadership outreach and programs on Energy & Sustainability: Leaders (of Energy) without Borders.
World Energy Council: Tracking Energy Transition Innovation- 2017Energy for One World
World Energy Council report- on innovation, year 2017
Views are by the Council, and not necessarily the views of the EFOW practice: how to drive change - and what deserves our time, organisation and investments.
Sustainable Computing and Telecom Can Contribute to Limiting Global Climatic ...Larry Smarr
10.07.28
Invited Seminar
AT&T Shannon Labs
Title: Sustainable Computing and Telecom Can Contribute to Limiting Global Climatic Disruption
Florham Park, NJ
Enhancing innovation and participation in smart sustainable citiesITU
The United for Smart Sustainable Cities (U4SSC) initiative was launched by the International Telecommunication
Union (ITU) and United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) in May 2016. The first phase of this initiative, which was conducted via three Working Groups, was completed in April 2017. This flipbook brings together the work done in Working Group 3 (WG3) for Enhancing Innovation and Participation in Smart Sustainable Cities. WG3 is formed of a group of global experts and practitioners to facilitate knowledge sharing and partnership building on smart cities, with the aim of formulating strategic guidelines and case studies for enhancing innovation and participation in smart sustainable cities. More specifically, WG3 addresses various topics on smart governance, smart economy and smart people with the aim of achieving strong and symbiotic governance, economics and society.
For more information visit: https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/ssc/united/Pages/default.aspx
Press conference and communication on EU Common Gateway
( in analogy or as a response to China Belt & Road/ Global Development Initiative, and USA Build Back Better).
1 December 2021
Microsoft word new base 668 special 19 august 2015Khaled Al Awadi
Attached FYI ( NewBase Special 19 August 2015 ) , from Hawk Energy Services Dubai . Daily energy news covering the MENA area and related worldwide energy news. In todays’ issue you will find news about:-
• UAE: Amec Foster Wheeler wins Upper Zakum field contract extension
• Rising energy consumption calls for a more sustainable and integrated strategy in the UAE
• UAE: Nuclear-related contracts worth Dh9.15bn have been awarded to UAE firms, says Enec
• Oman floats tender for Duqm refinery service corridor
• Malaysia feels heat as its solar industry soars
• Britain offers new shale gas sites for first time in seven years
• UK: OGA announces 27 onshore blocks to be offered as part of 14th Onshore Oil and Gas Licensing Round
• Oil prices fall again as lower demand U.S. season looms
• OPEC's ‘Fragile Five’ Face Rising Cost in the Fight for Oil Market Share
• Low oil price: Opportunities, challenges for downstream sector
we would appreciate your actions to send to all interested parties that you may wish. Also note that if you or your organization wish to include your own article or advert in our circulations, please send it to :-
khdmohd@hotmail.com or khdmohd@hawkenergy.net
Best Regards.
Khaled Al Awadi
Energy Consultant & NewBase Chairman - Senior Chief Editor
MS & BS Mechanical Engineering (HON), USA
joint webcast and presentation with USA : launching new shared market initiative on Leadership outreach and programs on Energy & Sustainability: Leaders (of Energy) without Borders.
World Energy Council: Tracking Energy Transition Innovation- 2017Energy for One World
World Energy Council report- on innovation, year 2017
Views are by the Council, and not necessarily the views of the EFOW practice: how to drive change - and what deserves our time, organisation and investments.
Sustainable Computing and Telecom Can Contribute to Limiting Global Climatic ...Larry Smarr
10.07.28
Invited Seminar
AT&T Shannon Labs
Title: Sustainable Computing and Telecom Can Contribute to Limiting Global Climatic Disruption
Florham Park, NJ
Enhancing innovation and participation in smart sustainable citiesITU
The United for Smart Sustainable Cities (U4SSC) initiative was launched by the International Telecommunication
Union (ITU) and United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) in May 2016. The first phase of this initiative, which was conducted via three Working Groups, was completed in April 2017. This flipbook brings together the work done in Working Group 3 (WG3) for Enhancing Innovation and Participation in Smart Sustainable Cities. WG3 is formed of a group of global experts and practitioners to facilitate knowledge sharing and partnership building on smart cities, with the aim of formulating strategic guidelines and case studies for enhancing innovation and participation in smart sustainable cities. More specifically, WG3 addresses various topics on smart governance, smart economy and smart people with the aim of achieving strong and symbiotic governance, economics and society.
For more information visit: https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/ssc/united/Pages/default.aspx
Press conference and communication on EU Common Gateway
( in analogy or as a response to China Belt & Road/ Global Development Initiative, and USA Build Back Better).
1 December 2021
Microsoft word new base 668 special 19 august 2015Khaled Al Awadi
Attached FYI ( NewBase Special 19 August 2015 ) , from Hawk Energy Services Dubai . Daily energy news covering the MENA area and related worldwide energy news. In todays’ issue you will find news about:-
• UAE: Amec Foster Wheeler wins Upper Zakum field contract extension
• Rising energy consumption calls for a more sustainable and integrated strategy in the UAE
• UAE: Nuclear-related contracts worth Dh9.15bn have been awarded to UAE firms, says Enec
• Oman floats tender for Duqm refinery service corridor
• Malaysia feels heat as its solar industry soars
• Britain offers new shale gas sites for first time in seven years
• UK: OGA announces 27 onshore blocks to be offered as part of 14th Onshore Oil and Gas Licensing Round
• Oil prices fall again as lower demand U.S. season looms
• OPEC's ‘Fragile Five’ Face Rising Cost in the Fight for Oil Market Share
• Low oil price: Opportunities, challenges for downstream sector
we would appreciate your actions to send to all interested parties that you may wish. Also note that if you or your organization wish to include your own article or advert in our circulations, please send it to :-
khdmohd@hotmail.com or khdmohd@hawkenergy.net
Best Regards.
Khaled Al Awadi
Energy Consultant & NewBase Chairman - Senior Chief Editor
MS & BS Mechanical Engineering (HON), USA
What is Register Registrable of Controller and Nominee DirectorMichelle Lai
Attention to all Company Director, new requirement in prepare and maintain Registrable of Controller and Nominee Director .
Disclaimer: The articles on this website are for general information only. Readers are advised to seek specific legal advice before acting on the contents set out therein.
El curso de introducción a HL7 es un taller virtual donde realizamos una inmersión en el universo de los estándares HL7. Con el soporte de unos recursos web, desarrollamos una serie de ejercicios guiados que muestran, a través de múltiples ejemplos, un modelo de buena práctica en la utilización de dichos estándares
7.14.6 Технический справочник Schneider Electric 2015Igor Golovin
Цель технического справочника – помочь инженеру-проектировщику разобраться во всем многообразии предложения Schneider Electric, найти оборудование, систему, программное обеспечение – одним словом – решение, наилучшим образом соответствующее его потребностям и задачам.
Presentación No pierdas al cliente en el último clic, en la que Alberto Blanch, Responsable de Desarrollo de Negocio de Presencia Web de Arsys, explica las claves para evitar perder a los clientes durante el proceso de contratación online y las principales técnicas para incrementar el ratio de conversión de las tiendas en Internet.
Más información en https://blog.arsys.es
Cyber attacks have been hitting the headlines for years; but in spite of the risks, the reputational damage and the rising cost of fines, there is still an endless stream of businesses being exposed for security failings.
The scale of the problem is vast: Accenture’s recent 2016 Global Security Report highlighted “an astounding level of breaches” with the organisations surveyed facing more than 80 targeted attacks every year, of which a third were successful. Much has been made of the evolving threat landscape and increasing sophistication of attacks. But whilst there is evidence to support the growing complexity of the challenge, all too often the analysis of these high-profile attacks determines basic, foundational security principles were ignored.
Some commentators argue that the persistence of failings is a direct reflection of organisational priorities, and that while businesses may talk a good game, security is not yet given the attention that it requires at board level. This leaves CISOs and IT leaders fighting a losing battle to secure adequate attention and investment for an area of the business which does not generate revenue.
This conference will look at raising security standards across the business, exploring some of the most persistent problems from IT infrastructure to staff engagement. Amidst a backdrop of perpetual media hysteria, turbulent markets and looming regulatory change, it can prove difficult to establish a coherent picture of the threat, never mind what action to take. The conference will help contextualise the challenging landscape and discuss how to deliver meaningful improvements and end to end organisational resilience.
Italiaanse winkel Sophie Dutordoir heeft nieuwe uitbaterThierry Debels
NMBS-topvrouw Sophie Dutordoir moest haar Italiaanse zaak Poppeia in Overijse noodgedwongen sluiten. Er werd een nieuwe uitbater gezocht en gevonden.
De nieuwe zaakvoerder is Stéphane Vanhoudenhove.
Hij beheert de zaak via MEDI ARCH.
Displaying server-side OData messages in ui5 (Ui5con 2017)Nabi Zamani
Displaying success, error, information, and warning messages is often used in web application. These messages can be generated on UI side or they can come from a backend. UI5 has built-in features that allow to handle the messages easily. And with the underlying Fiori Design Guidelines you still keep your UI looking nice.
This is my session from the UI5Con 2017 on March 24th, 2017. Unfortunately, I had technical issues to record the session during my talk. After I was asked from some people to offer the recording I recorded this session the day after the conference.
Business Opportunities in Fintech and BlockchainSaeed Al Dhaheri
This presentation was given at the Etisalat Academy Blockchain Symposium. It highlights how fintech and blockchain technologies are disrupting the financial services industries and other vertical domains as well. It also highlights the important features of blockchain and discusses the business opportunities. It briefly explains types of blockchain and the difference between public and private blockchain ledgers. It talks about the world most major initiatives including Dubai blockchain strategy and provide some examples from current PoC projects in UAE.
Building a (Virtual) Power Station - one day workshopDavid Lipschitz
I presented this in 2013. Seems so long ago, with so much that hasn't happened since then. There is so much opportunity that is being missed in South Africa. I believe that dramatic change is imminent in the next two years, once we get to grid parity with batteries.
ACDP Presentation by David Lipschitz - parliament in Cape TownDavid Lipschitz
Presentation to the political leadership of the ACDP, African Christian Democratic Party, about how to enhance and run the electrical system in South Africa. Presentation on 14th June 2012.
Note that my contact details have changed. My cell number is now +27 74 119 3246, and I don't have a landline anymore.
Making Indian Engineering World class - Theme talk on Engineer's day 2014Prof. Mohandas K P
This is the ppt on a talk given on the theme " Making Indian Engineering World class" on Engineer's day for Institution of Engineers Kozhikode Local centre on 22nd Sept . Presents points from the theme circulated and my ideas views on how Indian engineers who are inferior to none in the world can do well in our own country.
apidays Paris - Are the providers’ sustainability strategies... sustainable?,...apidays
apidays Paris 2022 - APIs the next 10 years: Software, Society, Sovereignty, Sustainability
December 14, 15 & 16, 2022
Are the providers’ sustainability strategies... sustainable ?
Arnaud Gueguen, Sustainability Consultant at DarwinX and Member of Lean ICT and Climate Education Working Group at Shift Project
------
Check out our conferences at https://www.apidays.global/
Do you want to sponsor or talk at one of our conferences?
https://apidays.typeform.com/to/ILJeAaV8
Learn more on APIscene, the global media made by the community for the community:
https://www.apiscene.io
Explore the API ecosystem with the API Landscape:
https://apilandscape.apiscene.io/
Deep dive into the API industry with our reports:
https://www.apidays.global/industry-reports/
Subscribe to our global newsletter:
https://apidays.typeform.com/to/i1MPEW
This webinar, the fourth in a series of WRI-hosted webinars on 24/7 CFE, spotlights key data challenges surrounding 24/7 CFE, as well as approaches and solutions to these challenges.
The Producers/Consumer off-grid has arrived, there is a lack of regulation. Utility Business should change.
What if some Utilities in Western Europe, Japan, Australia and USA by 2020 lose about 50% of their demands; and obviously the revenues associated with those operations? All because the Prosumers...
This presentation looks into where the industry is heading, what to look for, how new technologies are applied, and what to expect in the future. 11.02.2018
EDI/Nyenrode Executive Energy Transition Class- Aachen 20th May 2017Energy for One World
presentation pack pertaining by the open conversation and workshop by Adriaan Kamp (EFOW) on Energy Architecture and UN Sustainable Development- and our Leadership of Change.
NUS Industry Roundtable Presentation - Engie transformation by Caroline GuyotJohn Phillip
Presentation by Caroline Guyot of ENGIE Innovation Factory at the NUS Industry Roundtable on 3-Oct 2018 focused on managing corporate-startup collaboration.
Smart city for developing countries, Algiers, September 2015Isam Shahrour
Conference of professor Isam Shahrour at the Summer School on Nanostructure and Applications SSNA’2015, Algiers, September 10, 2015.
The conference concerns the use of the Smart Concept in developing countries. It presents successively the main challenges of developing countries, the smart city concept, why this concept is relevant for developing countries and the implementation of this concept through SunRise project “Large Scale demonstrator of the Smart City”.
Eskom Retail Tariff Application For 2023 onwards Mind map by David LipschitzDavid Lipschitz
The South African electricity utility, Eskom, have submitted 2023 Tariff application to NERSA, the National Energy Regulator of South Africa.
In this 120 page document, Eskom outline how they want to change Tariff Structures in order to charge their small users up to 4 times more than current rates.
Energy Crisis Notes by David Lipschitz 25 July 2022David Lipschitz
David Lipschitz took these notes during South African President Cyril Ramaphosa's national address on Monday 26th July 2022 at 9 pm.
Notes were taken on an iPad using Simple Mind.
The President spoke about:
* The situation now: what do we have?
* How Severe load shedding is impacting South Africans and their businesses and jobs
* Actions to respond to the crisis
* Additional actions and interventions
* New Generation
* And in purple, David wrote some questions and observations.
By 2015, the South African government had realised that there was a serious problem with Eskom and its ability to provide electricity.
The South African government instituted The Eskom War Room. I was at the launch. Here is the mind map notes I took.
Our really big problems (CRISES) Mind Map By David LipschitzDavid Lipschitz
In this mindmap David Lipschitz looks at the multiple crises that are hitting humanity all at the same time and he has some ideas of how to solve these problems. This mind map forms part of David's Youtube series which you can find here https://bit.ly/davidlipschitzworldcrisesdiscussion
GIIG Global Startup Awards Africa Mind map by David LipschitzDavid Lipschitz
GIIG = Global Innovation Initiative Group
This Startup Investment Conference was held at the CTICC in Cape Town on 14th June 2022.
Representatives of The City of Cape Town, Wesgro and the UNDP (United National Development Program), and big Companies including Von Seidels, SAB, Distell, Standard Bank, and small companies / startups like Kubik, ScarabTech, Srapppays, took part.
Subjects included Raising Finance, Relationships with Investors, How small companies can partner with large companies to build opportunities, blockchain, cryptocurrency, health megatrends.
Textiles Industry Market Entry Strategy MindmapDavid Lipschitz
In 2021 I did a full 3 months project researching the publically available information on the textile industry with a possibility of entering the market with some investors. The project didn't work out; I didn't get paid; the team fell apart; and I've got this Mind Map sitting on my computer gathering dust.
Feel free to use it. If you can make use of my time or capabilities, please let me know. I grew up in a textile family and worked full time and part time for our family textile business for 27 years until the business was first sold, and then went into liquidation. Unfortunately the family business and the new owners ignored my advice.
My idea for a CashOnly app, separate from all the banking systems, switches, etc.
Some questions: do we need a blockchain? do we need to use any existing switches? can we do this without creating a bank? how do we prove that cash was received? how do we do this without using banking terms? is it perhaps a loan management app? how does money move between people?
This is a presentation of a textiles ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system that I wrote. It shows what a single professional programmer can do. Analysis, Design, UX Design, Database Design, Programming, Testing, Implementation, Training, Maintenance, Iteratively and using Agile, before Agile was invented.
Parashah Re-eh and how it is applicable to our environment - A Modern and Biblical View - Presentation by David Lipschitz on 26th August 2014 at Limmud
This presentation was created in 2009. So many of the reasons why I created it are still valid. I still want to work with a group of people in the City of Cape Town, concerned Citizens for example, on building a place which can be a showcase for Environmentally Friendly, inexpensive, living.
Oh, and the site is still available, mainly because it is in a flood plain, but we have dealt with this problem by building a Berm.
Preparation for a meeting at Eskom Megawatt ParkDavid Lipschitz
What and who is electricity for? Eskom employees? The general public?
What should our current capacity be? 28 GW, 40 GW, 160 GW, 360 GW?
Stats: Statistics: what should we believe?
What is the fastest way for us to fix our electricity grid in South Africa, and also in the USA and worldwide?
How should Active Citizens be involved?
How does Moody's come into this?
How to future proof a utility?
How to scale up exponentially?
President Ramaphosa's second SONA (The Nation's in a State) State of the Nation speech on 2019, presented on 20th June 2019, with David Lipschitz highlighting and comments.
Download to read my comments, which you can click on in the little orange boxes in parts of the text, eg a whole lot of them on page 1, etc.
President Ramaphosa's first SONA (The Nation's in a State) State of the Nation speech on 2019, presented on 7th February 2019, with David Lipschitz highlighting and comments.
Download to read my comments, which you can click on in the little orange boxes in parts of the text, eg on page 3.
Citizen Power Station Mind Map by David Lipschitz created on 9th April 2016. How can we create publicly owned water and electricity utilities?
My hypothesis is that Citizens don't want to defect from the national grid, but rather want to work with their utilities to grow the economy and to make their lives safer and healthier.
International Day of Action on Climate
Rosebank Methodist Church Hall
8th September 2018 Mind Map
SAFCEI (South African Faith Communities Environmental Initiative)
WESSA (the Wildlife and Environment Society of South Africa), 350.org, Government, Private Individuals, and members of the public got together and discussed how to make our world a better place.
"Join a discussion with dynamic climate leadership from local government, business, the media, education, youth, civil society and faith communities. Speakers will be invited to provide brief responses to focused questions before an open discussion with all participants. Messages from the questions, responses and ensuing conversation will be collated into a statement challenging local and global leaders to act urgently and purposefully the global climate crisis. WESSA, SAFCEI and 350.org along with other supporting organisations and communities , are hosting this Cape Town mini-summit, contributing to a global initiative involving thousands of people around the world who are holding climate events on this day."
David Lipschitz's talk at the SAEE Conference on 12th November 2015. This talk was about the fact that technologically we don't have a problem in Africa anymore. Our problem is a Social one. And we should discuss this and solve this problem. Note that the fix will involve decentralisation, but decentralisation is anathema to our leadership and there is no opportunity for "rents" (corruption) in a decentralised system.
This report delineates the pressures of water scarcity on countries during the onset of prolonged drought / frequent floods with the objective of highlighting best practices, scalable interventions that integrate uncertainties and risk into the water governance architecture.
It is written by Dr Sanchita Talukdar and was commissioned and paid for by me.
It deals with the South African water crisis from a global point of view.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
1. Cluster Electricity Savings
Sustainable and Cheap Electricity
A Financial Understanding of the costs and benefits
and possibilities of Renewable Energy
By David Lipschitz
My Power Station Technology
Solar Power Africa Conference
27th August 2012
Phone: 021 551 9935; 074 119 3246
Email: david@mypowerstation.biz; skype: MyPowerStation
(c) My Power Station Technology cc 2012
Permission is given to copy parts of this presentation as long as the Author is referenced 1
2. Our Challenge
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 2
Data from AEE – Institute for Sustainable Technologies, Austria, 2009
3. Objective of Presentation
• What’s possible regarding making electricity
ourselves and being energy efficient?
• Not in depth training
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 3
Riverside Renewable Energy
Holt Logistics
Gloucester Marine Terminal
New Jersey, USA
• 9MW Roof Top PV
• $42m
• ~ 110,000 square meters
• 80% of energy requirement
4. Riaan Smit
@ Wind Energy Conference, Cape Town, Tuesday 29th May 2012
• South Africa needs a
– “New Future Vision”
• Riaan is Chief Engineer in National Planning at Eskom
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 4
5. Agenda
• Electricity Generation; Assumptions & Risks
• Electricity and Infrastructure Challenges
• Some Questions & Myths
• Our Environment
– We live in Exponential Times
• Electricity & “The Grid”
– Can we rely on The Grid?
– Can we make electricity ourselves cost effectively?
• How to get started?
• Q&A (c) My Power Station Technology 2012 5
6. The Risks
• Mainly our 20th Century assumptions
• Compare wind and nuclear risks
• Donor assistance risks
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 6
7. Assumptions
• Our economy has an assumption built into it
– Cheap and reliable Electricity ??
• But 150% increase over the past 5 years
– Cheap build ??
• But R79 bn quote: R125 bn now; 6 months behind schedule
– Cheap raw materials ??
– Reliable Distribution Systems ??
• Transformer life: was 35 years -> now 12.5 years
• Decreasing Costs works for IT ✔
– Lets find out if it can work for electricity?
• How risky are our assumptions?
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 7
8. Risks
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 8
IRP2010 v8 (nothing re PV; nothing re Net Metering)
Cheap?
Reliable?
9. Risks: The “Nuclear Fleet” Cost
• 9.6 GW
• What’s it going
to cost?
• With such widely
varying costs, would
you do this project?
• Can we remove
9.6 GW from the
grid at peak /
any time?
• How? (c) My Power Station Technology 2012 9
10. Riskscontinued
• Environmental Risks
– Water, health, pollution, jobs, GDP growth
• Security of Supply
– Coal, oil, nuclear: Wind, sun:
• Cost of Supply
– Coal, oil, nuclear: Wind, Sun:
• The Cost of Unserved Energy
– Energy Security; what is the cost of being out of action?
• For a business; for a homeowner who doesn’t know they are off?
– R75 per kWh
• Nuclear Waste Management
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 10
11. Donor Assistance Risks (DAR)
• What are the risks?
– Dependence on outside funding
– If the exchange rate weakens, repayments get
higher
– Little capacity building
– An expected “repayment” for donor assistance
• What chance is there that we can build our
future infrastructure needs without DAR?
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 11
12. Seven Crises(video)
- caused by our energy system
• Climate crisis
• Fossil fuel availability crisis
• Social (3rd World) crisis
• Health crisis
• Nuclear crisis
• Water crisis
• Food (agricultural) crisis
Dr Hermann Scheer, Member of the German Government, President of EUROSOLAR,
General Chairman World Council for Renewable Energy (WCRE)
Photo: “For Work and Environment”, from Dr Scheer’s Facebook Page.
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 12
13. Crises / Risks of the Fossilised Fuel Industry
Dr Scheer at Retech Conference, February 2009, Las Vegas, USA
• [3rd world]:
– 40 countries are unable to pay their energy bill
– Their oil import bill is more than their total export
earnings
• COP 17 and global treaties
– How do we organise the technological revolution?
– Which technological revolution happened as a
result of a global treaty? Not One!
• We should do it because it is an advantage of
us
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 13
14. The [3rd world]
My brackets ([])
• The so called “third world” is where the new
empires are starting
– Where development is happening
• The “third world”
– Has population growth
– Has resources
• Most of the Developed World is stagnating
– Has growth potential
• The Developed (1st) world
– Stuck in an old paradigm?
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 14
15. China’s 12th 5-year plan tabled in 2011
• “Has a striking change from the past”
• “From
– A focus on investment-driven, high energy and
low-cost manufacturing”
• “To
– Low-carbon industries, new energy, next
generation information technology and high-end
manufacturing
– China’s goal is to achieve 15% global share of
these industries, compared with 3% now (in 2011)”
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 15
South Africa is still stuck here!
Note that the Chinese quote comes from
the NPC document! Page 69, NPC Plan 2020
16. BRICS
Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa
• Page 69: NPC Report: “Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, South Korea and
Russia will account for more than half of all global growth, growing by an
average of 4.7% a year to 2025, by which time their share of global GDP
will have grown from 36% to 45%.”
– My Comment: [It is time for South Africa and Africa to
shed its association with its colonial masters, England,
France, Germany, Portugal, Spain, and the USA, which are
part of the dying Western Empire, and change to a much
closer association with the Asian Tigers, BRICS (China
(9.5%)), Indonesia, South Korea, and of-course the African
Tigers: Ghana (13.5%)(2nd highest), Mozambique (7.2%),
Ethiopia (7.5%), Nigeria (6.9%), Botswana (6.2%), South Africa
(3.4%). 36 Africa countries growing faster than the RSA.
– Qatar (18.7%), India (7.8%), Russia (4.3%), Brazil (2.8%), Germany
(2.7%), USA (1.5%), UK (1.1%), Portugal (-2-2%), Greece (-6%)]
– Growth rates in % are net growth after inflation.
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 16
17. The “Downturn”
• Is it possible that we’re creating it ourselves?
– By focusing on cost savings instead of growth?
• Just something to think about
– I’m not saying we’ve created our recession, but I
wonder if its in our minds, as a self-fulfilling
prophesy
– Also in South Africa:
• One has to do the same thing over and over again
• A huge waste of resources, time and energy
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 17
18. What’s electricity for anyway?
• It’s like ICT, except ICT depends on Electricity
• It’s an enabler to get the country moving
• Fast, cheap, reliable pathways from a to b will
get our economy going
– Communications (Infrastructure)
– Electricity, Population Growth, Resources
• David Murrin: “Breaking the Code of History”
• Can the “Energy Internet” finally happen?
– Thomas Friedman in “Hot, Flat and Crowded”
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 18
19. The Numbers
• How to understand the really big numbers?
• Should we think differently?
– Do we need cars? How many? What sort? Can
they be shared?
– Do people need to go to work or can they
telework?
– Should our systems stay centralised or can they be
decentralised
– How would we design the system if there was no
coal or nuclear energy?
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 19
20. News on 15th May 2012
• “Work to begin on 68km R5.2 billion
(R5,200,000,000) railway line to supply
Majuba Power Station with 14 million tons of
Coal per annum”
– http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/work-on-r52bn-majuba-rail-line-to-begin-in-
nov-eskom-2012-05-14
• R100 billion being spent on new coal mines
• At least R2 Trillion on New Power Stations
– & R166 bn on The Grid (Eskom Transmission Plan)
• 5,000 x 1,200 kWh per month houses can be
permanently “removed” from the grid per R1bn, so
R2 Trillion is at least 10 million houses
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 20
21. R2.3 trillion
R2,300,000,000,000
• Repayments
– At 10% over 20 years
– R23,000,000,000 per month
• R23 billion per month is what the people of South
Africa will be paying for their new electricity fleet if we
follow the old 20th Century technology path
– 50 million people; 7 million taxpayers
• R3,285 per taxpayer per month
– for capex repayments only
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 21
22. R125 billion for Kusile
R125,000,000,000
• 12,500,000 * R10,000 Solar Water Heaters
– i.e. : 12.5 million R10,000 Solar Water Heaters
• Kusile
– 4.8GW
– 12,500,000 SWH need 20 GW of electricity
• SWH can be used to
– Heat water & air
– Cool water & air
– R46 billion (58%) over budget already
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 22
23. Money
• Existing or New?
• Can’t we use existing money to finance our
new build?
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 23
24. What happened at Majuba?
• Majuba built in 1980’s. Majuba coal mine had
certain geological deficiencies, so coal is
trucked in from up to 68 km away.
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 24
Photo from Bloomberg
25. R1 bn = 5,000 houses
• What is R1 bn anyway?
– Electrify 5,000 * 1,200 kWh per month houses
– 5,000 Smart Electricity Meters (SEMs)
– 5,000 inverters
– 5,000 solar water heaters
– 200,000 solar panels (Photovoltaic PV)
– Circuit Breakers; Cable; Fuses; Grounding Rods
– People
• 250 installers per year for the PV
• Manufacturers; designers; support people; etc
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 25
26. And
• Only govt loan guarantees are required
– Supported by the Trevor Manuel and National
Planning Commission (NPC Plan 2030)
• No subsidies
• No government borrowing
• No new regulations, in fact deregulation is
required
• And best of all:
– Electricity plus People plus Resources enables:
• Clean Economic GROWTH -> more money for govt
• Massive Employment
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 26
27. News on 28th March 2012
• President Jacob Zuma at the BRICS conference
seeking R1 trillion for the next 20 years
infrastructure expansion program
• Other BRICS countries growing at 10% per
annum after inflation; SA at 2%
– 10% + 5% inflation = R450 billion this year!
• Does government need to borrow this R1
trillion with us citizens as surety?
– 1 million new jobs; R1,000,000 debt per job!
– 50 mil to 57 mil people by 2020: need 3.15 mil jobs!
• Is there a better way?
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 27
28. We’re in trouble!!
• South Africa
– No new base load power station build in the past
20 years
– vs: China: 1 GW per week added to their grid!!!
– China installed 18 GW of Wind in 2011; 40 GW
was installed worldwide. Zero in South Africa
• Can you see where South Africa’s going?
• New Coal Power Stations: only 10 GW
– Electricity is already sold!!
– 10.5 GW will be decommissioned in 2020’s
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 28
30. Electricity Challenges
• For City Dwellers without electricity, NO:
– Water, Banking, Petrol, Transport, Food, Life
– Only 4 days of food in the supply chain
• Everything we do depends on electricity
– We need security of supply
– We need price certainty
• Therefore we need a game plan to make this a
reality
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 30
31. Agenda
• Generating Electricity & Assumptions ✔
• Electricity and Infrastructure Challenges ✔
• Some Questions
• Our Environment
– We live in Exponential Times
• Electricity & “The Grid”
– Can we rely on it?
– Can we make it ourselves cost effectively?
• How to get going?
• Q&A (c) My Power Station Technology 2012 31
32. Some Questions
• http://www.surveymonkey.com/s/NetMeterin
g-2012-12-22
• If you could make your own electricity
cheaper than you could buy it, would you
want to do this?
• Do you know what Net Metering is?
• Do you want to make money and conserve the environment?
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 32
33. The Big Energy Myth
• From Dr Hermann Scheer’s Book “The Solar
Economy” pp 169 to 170
– “Once the fear of the small scale has been dispelled,
once RE has demonstrated that it can replace fossil
energy in its entirety, then the aura of the centralised
nuclear/fossil industry will quickly fade. While fossil
mythology remains unchallenged, humanity is faced
with the absurd prospect of choosing death over a
solution it is afraid to embrace. … Ordinary people are
caught up in the myth of big technology … We need
an active and engaged society” (another thing Trevor
Manuel & the National Planning Commission calls for)
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 33
34. Video
We Live in Exponential Times
• 5 minutes
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUMf7FW
GdCw
• This exponential growth depends on
exponential availability of inexpensive
electricity
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 34
36. Our Environment: Wind
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 36
In 2011 Capacity Installed: China 18GW; Doubled every year 2005 to 2009;
Total Installed Wind Capacity Worldwide in 2011: 41,000 MW!
World Wide Wind Total Installed Capacity: 238,000 MW (238 GW)
42. How long do we have?
At 3% electricity consumption growth
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 42
43. Agenda
• Generating Electricity & Assumptions ✔
• Electricity and Infrastructure Challenges ✔
• Some Questions ✔
• Our Environment ✔
– We live in Exponential Times
• Electricity & “The Grid”
– Can we rely on it?
– Can we make it ourselves cost effectively?
• How to get going?
• Q&A (c) My Power Station Technology 2012 43
44. The Grid
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 44
From Eskom Annual
Report 2009
45. Terminology
• Grid Tie: an electrical system that is connected to the
government electricity grid
• Reverse Feed / Embedded Generation: where someone
besides Eskom sells electricity to the Grid
• Net Metering: where the consumer buys and sells
electricity at the same price
• Feed In Tariff: where the Grid Operator / Utility pays the
“Embedded Generator” a higher rate to feed the grid
• Time of Use Metering: where electricity is bought (and
sold) at different rates depending on grid demand (during off-
peak, standard time, and peak-time, or in the future on a second by second basis)
• Inverter / Grid Tied Inverter: Changes DC to AC electricity
• Island: allows a grid-tie inverter to operate during a power
failure, whilst isolating it from the grid
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 45
46. Buying and Selling Electricity
• Normally
– We buy electricity
• From Eskom
• From the Cities, who buy from Eskom
• Now
– We can produce electricity
• We can use it ourselves
• We can sell it to The Grid
• We can sell it to our own customers!
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 46
47. Producing Electricity (Energy) 1
• History
– Before Electricity
• Windmills; Pumps; Water-Mills; Steam
– “Base Load” (after electricity “invented”)
• Coal, Nuclear, Hydro-electric (3)
– Now
• Sun, wind, river, tide, ocean-current, geo-thermal (6)
• Sun: PV, CSP, Tower, Solar Water Heating (+3)
– PV = Photovoltaics (like the leaves of a tree)
– CSP = Concentrated Solar Power (with or without storage)
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 47
48. Producing Electricity (Energy) 2
• History
– Benefits and Costs
• Base load electrical systems dramatically reduced our
costs and allowed the industrial revolution to happen
• But this assumed unlimited, cheap, supply of
equipment and raw materials (coal, etc)
• But: population growth and industrial growth have put
huge constraints on the systems
• And: at the same time, maintenance costs have been
rising rapidly for power stations, transmission and
distribution systems
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 48
49. Reliability of equipment
• What happens when there is a problem?
• Disruption in power supply
– Unplanned and prolonged downtimes
– Destruction of equipment
– Sudden cut offs
• No proper shutdowns
• Customer dissatisfaction/frustration
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 49
Uni of Joburg talk at Transformer and SwitchGear Conference
Joburg April 2012
50. Trust & Expectations
• Can we rely on the system?
• Should we rely on the system?
• What is “the system”?
• We expect
– The system to be up
– Maybe we expect “load shedding” because of
what happened in 2008
– Many private people and businesses installed
generators to give themselves security of supply
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 50
51. Opportunity to sell electricity
• To Cities, Eskom, other users
• Especially at peak time
– Average electricity cost to City of Cape Town is 55
cents per kwh
– E.g.: Ankerlig near Atlantis produces 1,350 MW,
uses 25,000 litres of diesel per minute, at a cost of
between R4 and R11 per kwh
– So, we can produce at R1.32 per kwh and sell at
R3 per kwh!
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 51
52. Why FITs? Why any kind of incentive?
• Introduced in Germany in 1991
– In 1993, the FIT was $1.34 per kWh
– In 1993 Rands, this was R4.57 per kWh
– In 2012 Rands, this was R11.32 per kWh
– In 2001 in South Africa:
• Per kWh: Domestic 24.59c; Manu and Mining 12.32c
• The FIT had three principles
– The Utility must connect anyone to the grid
– They must buy all the energy that is produced
– They must buy at a fixed price for the length of the
contract, ie 15 to 20 years
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 52
53. So what did FITs do?
• Brought down the cost of Renewable Energy
• Note that the FIT contract is similar to the
contract the government signs with Eskom to
build a power station
– An agreement to buy a certain amount of
electricity
– At a certain price
– For a certain period of time
• There are “FITs” in our car production system
– Government gives R5 billion of incentives to car companies annually
– The Joule needs R9.5 billion. And South Africa would have its own
electrical car!
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 53
54. EQUALITY
• How did we get to Equality (Grid Parity)?
• Who helped?
– Germany (G): Feed In Tariffs since 1991
– Still the largest installed base of PV panels (roof
top, building integrated, farm, etc)
– 370,000 people employed in RE in G in 2010
– Targeted 20% RE by 2020
• Achieved this in 2011!
• Now targeting 35% by 2020
• Solved the “Grid Destabilisation” problem in 2011
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 54
55. Can we produce electricity cheaper
than we can buy it?
Whiteboard / Word
• Assumptions:
– City of Cape Town
– Borrowing at 10% interest rate over 20 years
– Rooftop PV Systems
– 3 bedroom, 4 person household using 1,200 kwh per month
• Homeowner
– R1.29 per kwh 16% R1.50
• Business owner
– R1.02 per kwh 16% R1.18 + 1 cent (additional) levy + R120 per
ton carbon tax, ie 12 cents per kwh R1.31 28%
• More Info: R1,800; R182,400; 8 KW; R22.80; R182,400; R20 per watt?
How?
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 55
56. The real savings in being energy
independent (kw vs kwh)
• If you spend R1m a year on electricity
• And you can install your own system for
R900,000 per year
• What would you prefer?
• If you buy your own system, then at 10% per
annum over 20 years, the R900,000 equates to
a capital cost of R7.5M
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 56
57. The Cherry on Top
• Once you’ve paid off the system, it is YOURS
• Your electricity cost doesn’t increase every
year …
☞ … which means that you can plan for the future!
• And: you can save 65%+ of your electricity
cost over 20 years
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 57
58. Buying and Producing Electricity
Graph in Rand per kwh
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012
59. Fix your price and save
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 59
60. NegaWatts, not MegaWatts
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 60
PV = Photovoltaic System
EE = Energy Efficiency: Spend to save
ER = Eskom ESCO Rebate (approximate)
Price Per Total Monthly
%tage watts watt Price Repayments kwh price per kwh Inc VAT
PV 100% 8,000 R20.00 R160,000.00 R1,600.00 1,200 R1.33 R1.52
EE 0% 8,000 R20.00 R0.00
PV 30% 8,000 R20.00 R48,000.00
EE 70% 8,000 R12.00 R67,200.00
R115,200.00 R1,152.00 1,200 R0.96 R1.09
ER R290.00
R862.00 1,200 R0.72 R0.82
NegaWatts = Negative Watts
61. Haven’t taken into account
• Potential sales to the City of Cape Town
• Net Metering through the transformer
• Retail Wheeling
• Time of Use Tariffs
• Carbon Credits
• Eskom ESCO rebate
• DR (Demand Response)
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 61
62. RE Example and Effect of EE
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 62
House Loads 1200 kwh/month Ball Park Number for Grid Tie Rand per kwh
Peak Average Sun Hours 5 h with Battery Backup R 60.00 R 1.06
Estimated W installed 7890 Electricity Cost pa R 15,264.00
Estimated Rand Value R 473,424.66 kwh/pa 14400
New Electricity Use Efficiency Electrical
Cost Saving Equipment Savings Water Savings Savings pa
Awareness R 899.00 15% R 71,013.70 pa R 2,289.60
Insulation - roof / ceiling R 3,000.00 10% R 47,342.47 R 1,526.40
Insulation - pool cover R 36,000.00 7% R 30,772.60 R 1,869.60 R 992.16
Pool Pumps R 3,000.00 10% R 46,800.00 R 1,508.91
Fridge R 5,000.00 4% R 16,800.00 R 541.66
SWH R 30,000.00 25% R 118,356.16 R 3,816.00
Gas cooking
Totals R 77,899.00 70% R 331,084.93 R 10,674.73
New Rands New W Rqd
New Estimate 473-331k+78k R 220,238.73 R 142,339.73 2372.3
New pool cover every 5 years; Pool Size: 50 sq m; Roof Size: 100 sq m; Elec savings higher if inflation included
Inverters life expectancy is 15 yrs. Replacement Not included.
Gas Cooking: probably no savings, but reduces peak electricity demand.
Battery Inefficiency = 20%; Grid Tie Inefficiency = 6%. R60 per watt incl inefficiencies. For 20 years
20kl Water Usage for Pool Per Month for 6 Months @ R15.58 R 1,869.60 R 37,392.00
63. But what about “Night”?
• For Night and Cloudy Days we will need
batteries and we will need to import
electricity from the CoCT,preferably at “off peak time”
• We also need to prevent reverse feed because
the CoCT won’t allow Reverse Feed
• So we need “Islands” & Batteries & Behaviour
Change
• AND we need Energy Efficiency
• We can save up to 77% of our electricity
requirement – and Eskom has an incentive for this
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 63
64. Government and Citizens
• Is making our own electricity legal?
• “Embedded Energy” Generation Legislation
Already Exists
• SABS: NRS 097-01-2010 (December, 2010)
• NERSA: Embedded Generation (2011)
• Waiting for:
– Eskom adoption
– City adoption
– Business and Homeowner adoption
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 64
65. Countries with Net Metering
• 13 Countries + 42 USA States
• More than 20 years experience
– Were already running in 1991
• Government’s White Paper on RE – Nov 2003
– “Government is committed to the introduction of
greater levels of competition in electricity markets
– The production and distribution of energy should
be sustainable and lead to an improvement in
standard of living of citizens
– Barriers to entry should be lowered”
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 65
66. How to get started?
• “Mandelaton” CID
– Community Improvement District
• Milnerton Proper; Woodbridge Island; Lagoon Beach; Joe Slovo /
Phoenix; Sunset Beach
• Measure: 2,000 meters * R6,000 each installed
– Incl, Voltage, Current, Peak Demand,
– Can tell what’s running by looking at “profiles”
– Can control Geyser
– Can switch loads on and off (DSM and rebates)
– Is Wireless, so user needs internet connection
• Design, Finance, Implement, Insure, Maintain
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 66
68. Measure - SMART energy
"If you can not measure it, you can not improve
it.", Lord Kelvin
69. What your electricity measurement
should do
• Real time reporting
• Onboard reporting
• Long term data collection
• RS-232 communication to
database via GSM, Wifi or
Ethernet modules
• SMART control for geyser
heating and pool pumps
• Load shifting and DR
• SMART geyser element
management
70. Next Steps …
• To get started with saving money on
electricity:
• Please contact me, David Lipschitz, at:
– 021 551 9935; 074 119 3246
– david@mypowerstation.biz
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 70
71. • End of presentation
• The rest is for reference
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 71
72. This is what a Renewable Energy
System (without batteries) Looks Like …
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 72
PV Array
Combiner
Box
Grid Tie Inverter
DB Board
Mains
Utility
[Schematic excludes Grounding Systems; DC & AC Disconnect; Fuses; etc.]
Start here …
73. This is what a Renewable Energy
System (with batteries) Looks Like …
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 73
PV Array
Combiner
Box
Solar Charge
Controller
Battery Bank
Inverter / Charger
(Island System)
DB Board
Mains
DB Board
Backup Loads
Utility
[Schematic excludes Grounding Systems; DC & AC Disconnect; Fuses; etc.]
Start here …
74. Grid Tie Island Schematic
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 74
75. Battery Only System
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 75
Watch Battery System Installation Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LT1AF4ycAQY
76. David Lipschitz
• BSc (Honours) MBA
• My Power Station Technology cc: Energy Expert, Software Developer
• Grid-Tied Photovoltaics Course: Feb 2009, Phoenix, AZ, USA
• NABCEP Level 1 Certification
– North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners
• Additional related technical training
• Spoke / Chaired Energy Efficiency conference 2010
• Spoke at Various other Energy Conferences
• Presented in Parliament re. Climate Change Hearings
• Presented to Parliament re. IRP2010 Hearings
• Presented at Powering Africa Strategy Summit in November 2011
• Contact Details:
– 021 551 9935
– 074 119 3246
– david@mypowerstation.biz
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 76
77. Designs
• We charge R6,800 plus VAT for a design for a private houses and for systems up to
10KW. Above 10 KW we charge R50,000 plus VAT, excludes EIAs, Engineering or
Architect Fees.
• Why we charge for designs?
– A design includes a site visit, a formal design with a parts list, an Efergy electricity meter so that
the client can become aware of their electricity use and reduce it, and an energy efficiency
exercise
– If the client buys a system from us and the value of the system is over R80,000, we discount their
installed price by the fee.
– This is fair as the design requires experience and designs in IT, Architecture, etc, aren’t free.
Designs can take up to 3 days. All prices and equipment needs to be checked. If we do 10 designs
and then someone buys from us, we need to constantly increase the prices of the systems to
recover our sales cost investment; this means that we either go out of business or run at a loss,
which isn’t in our or our clients bests interests
– We need to recover our educational investment of over R2 million so far in ensuring that we install
systems that meet electricity needs, are properly grounded, cable sizes are correct, the proper
circuit breakers and fuses are used, etc. At the moment we follow the USA NEC article 690 RE
guidelines as far as possible as there aren’t guidelines in South Africa, although there are DC
guidelines.
– Update November 2011: NERSA have published RFD Embedded Generation which refers to NRS
097-2-1:2010 (Grid Interconnection Of Embedded Generation). We are now waiting for
implementation by Eskom and the Cities.
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 77
79. Do wind turbines kill birds?
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 79
80. Bibliography - Mindmaps
• Renewables and Sustainability Mindmap by David
Lipschitz:
https://www.mindmeister.com/maps/show/13046747
• Domestic Energy Independence by David Lipschitz:
https://www.mindmeister.com/maps/show/47331785
• Living Without Grids – a survival mechanism by David
Lipschitz:
https://www.mindmeister.com/maps/show/14204830
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 80
81. Project Video and Example
• Gecko Rock
– Specification:
http://mypowerstation.co.za/2010/09/16/my-
power-station-completes-installation-of-power-
station-at-gecko-rock-press-release-16th-
september-2010/
– Video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LT1AF4ycAQY
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 81
82. Other Resources
• Total Installed Electricity Capacity Worldwide:
http://www.steamtablesonline.com/electricity
/electricity-installed-capacity.aspx
• Eco Economy Indicators: http://www.earth-
policy.org
• Insolation Map: http://www.earth-
policy.org/indicators/C49/wind_power_2012
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 82
83. Other Resources
• Books
– Hot, Flat and Crowded by Thomas Friedman
• 2008
– Bending the Curve by Robert Zipplies
• 2008
– Screw Business as Usual by Richard Branson
• 2011
– Breaking the Code of History by David Murrin
• 2010
(c) My Power Station Technology 2012 83
PV, Grid Tie Inverters, etc, can use Moore’s Law in ICT to reduce their costs, after all they are ICT!
If we don’t take responsibility for our own energy provision, we will not have enough electricity.
Show photos
Costing per watt or per kwh?
In City of Cape Town:
Current ex VAT price is in March 2012 is R1.14 per kwh; R1.29 per kwh inc
For business: Current price is R1.02 ex VAT; expected R1.31 ex VAT.