Describes the closing stages of the Western Frontier

2. Essential QuestionsEssential Questions
1. What national issues emerged in
the process of closing the
western frontier?
2. Why does the West hold such an
important place in the American
imagination?
3. In what ways is the West
romanticized in American culture?

4. Railroad ConstructionRailroad Construction

5. ““The Big FourThe Big Four”” Railroad MagnatesRailroad Magnates
Charles CrockerCharles Crocker
Mark HopkinsMark Hopkins Leland StanfordLeland Stanford
Collis HuntingtonCollis Huntington

6. Promontory Point, UTPromontory Point, UT
(May 10, 1869)(May 10, 1869)

8. The Bronc BusterThe Bronc Buster
Frederick RemingtonFrederick Remington

9. Black CowboysBlack Cowboys

11. Colt .45 RevolverColt .45 Revolver
God didnGod didn’’t make men equal.t make men equal.
Colonel Colt did!Colonel Colt did!

12. Legendary Gunslingers & TrainLegendary Gunslingers & Train
RobbersRobbers
Jesse JamesJesse James
Billy the KidBilly the Kid

13. Dodge City Peace Commission, 1890Dodge City Peace Commission, 1890

15. ProspectingProspecting

16. Mining Centers:Mining Centers:
19001900

17. Anaconda Copper Mining Co. (MT)Anaconda Copper Mining Co. (MT)

18. Mining (Mining (““BoomBoom””) Towns--) Towns--
Now Ghost TownsNow Ghost Towns
Calico, CACalico, CA

20. TheThe
CattleCattle
TrailsTrails

21. Land Use: 1880sLand Use: 1880s

22. New AgriculturalNew Agricultural
TechnologyTechnology
““Prairie FanPrairie Fan””
Water PumpWater Pump
Steel Plow [Steel Plow [““Sod BusterSod Buster””]]

23. Barbed WireBarbed Wire
Joseph GliddenJoseph Glidden

24. The Range WarsThe Range Wars
Sheep
Herders
Cattle
Ranchers

26. Regional Population DistributionRegional Population Distribution
by Race: 1900by Race: 1900

27. Regional Population DistributionRegional Population Distribution
by Race: 1900by Race: 1900

28. BlackBlack
““ExodusterExoduster””
HomesteadersHomesteaders

29. Blacks Moving WestBlacks Moving West

30. The Buffalo Soldiers on the Great PlainsThe Buffalo Soldiers on the Great Plains

31. A Romantic ViewA Romantic View

32. The Buffalo Soldiers & the Indian WarsThe Buffalo Soldiers & the Indian Wars

33. TheThe ““Chinese QuestionChinese Question””
 Exclusion Act (1882)Exclusion Act (1882)
- Oriental Exclusion Act- Oriental Exclusion Act
- Chinese Exclusion Act- Chinese Exclusion Act

34. The Tong Wars: 1850s-1920sThe Tong Wars: 1850s-1920s
Began in San Francisco in 1875.Began in San Francisco in 1875.

35. African American & ChineseAfrican American & Chinese
Populations:Populations:
1880-19001880-1900

37. Frontier Settlements: 1870-1890Frontier Settlements: 1870-1890

38. Homesteads From Public LandsHomesteads From Public Lands

39. 18871887
LandLand
PromotionPromotion
PosterPoster
for thefor the
DakotaDakota
TerritoriesTerritories

40. What is the Message of this Picture?What is the Message of this Picture?

41. The Reality--A PioneerThe Reality--A Pioneer’’s Sod House, SDs Sod House, SD

42. Rain Follows the Plow!Rain Follows the Plow!

43. Frederick Jackson TurnerFrederick Jackson Turner
The Significance of the FrontierThe Significance of the Frontier
in American Societyin American Society (1893)(1893)

44. Newlands Reclamation ActNewlands Reclamation Act (1902)(1902)
Francis NewlandsFrancis Newlands

46. Treaty of Ft. Laramie (1851)Treaty of Ft. Laramie (1851)
ColoradoColorado
Gold Rush (1859)Gold Rush (1859)

47. Colonel John ChivingtonColonel John Chivington
Kill and scalp all, big andKill and scalp all, big and
little!little!
Sandy Creek, COSandy Creek, CO
MassacreMassacre
November 29, 1864November 29, 1864

48. Capt. William J. FettermanCapt. William J. Fetterman
80 soldiers massacred80 soldiers massacred
December 21, 1866December 21, 1866

49. Treaty of MedicineTreaty of Medicine
Lodge Creek (1867)Lodge Creek (1867)
22ndnd
Treaty ofTreaty of
Ft. Laramie (1868)Ft. Laramie (1868)
ReservationReservation
PolicyPolicy

50. Gold Found inGold Found in
the Black Hillsthe Black Hills
of the Dakotaof the Dakota
Territory!Territory!
18741874

51. The Battle of Little Big HornThe Battle of Little Big Horn
18761876
Chief Sitting BullChief Sitting Bull
Gen. GeorgeGen. George
ArmstrongArmstrong
CusterCuster

52. Chief JosephChief Joseph I will fightI will fight
no more forever!no more forever!
Nez Percé tribalNez Percé tribal
retreat (1877)retreat (1877)

53. Geronimo, Apache Chief: Hopeless CauseGeronimo, Apache Chief: Hopeless Cause

54. Helen Hunt JacksonHelen Hunt Jackson
A Century of DishonorA Century of Dishonor (1881)(1881)

55. Susette La FlescheSusette La Flesche
Omaha IndianOmaha Indian  lecture tour onlecture tour on
Native American issues in the 1870sNative American issues in the 1870s

56. Dawes Severalty Act (1887):Dawes Severalty Act (1887):
Assimilation PolicyAssimilation Policy
Carlisle Indian School, PACarlisle Indian School, PA

57. ArapahoeArapahoe ““Ghost DanceGhost Dance””, 1890, 1890

58. Chief Big FootChief Big Foot’’s Lifeless Bodys Lifeless Body
Wounded Knee, SD, 1890Wounded Knee, SD, 1890

59. Indian Reservations TodayIndian Reservations Today

60. Crazy Horse Monument:Crazy Horse Monument:
Black Hills, SDBlack Hills, SD
Lakota ChiefLakota Chief

61. Korczak Ziolkowski, SculptorKorczak Ziolkowski, Sculptor
Crazy Horse MonumentCrazy Horse Monument
His vision of the finishedHis vision of the finished
memorial.memorial.

62. Mt. Rushmore: Black Hills, SDMt. Rushmore: Black Hills, SD

64. The Traditional View of the WestThe Traditional View of the West

65. WilliamWilliam ““Buffalo BillBuffalo Bill””
CodyCody’’s Wild West Shows Wild West Show

66. ““Buffalo BillBuffalo Bill”” Cody & Sitting BullCody & Sitting Bull

67. Legendary Female WesternLegendary Female Western
CharactersCharacters
Calamity JaneCalamity Jane Annie OakleyAnnie Oakley

68. The Fall of the CowboyThe Fall of the Cowboy
Frederick RemingtonFrederick Remington

70. Destruction of the Buffalo HerdsDestruction of the Buffalo Herds
The near extinctionThe near extinction
of the buffalo.of the buffalo.

71. Yellowstone National ParkYellowstone National Park
First national parkFirst national park
established in 1872.established in 1872.

72. National ParksNational Parks

73. Conservation MovementConservation Movement
John MuirJohn Muir
With PresidentWith President
Theodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt

74. Sierra ClubSierra Club
Founded in 1892Founded in 1892