CLO is a loan fund that uses investors’ money to buy business loans. These loans are largely to the companies that have a lower than investment grade rating (BB+ or lower).
https://efinancemanagement.com/derivatives/clo-vs-cdo
Numerous new financial products are created by bundling mortgages, credit card dues etc. They are tranched to create sub products with varying risks and rewards. The financial crisis of 2007-08 owes its origin to these products.
Numerous new financial products are created by bundling mortgages, credit card dues etc. They are tranched to create sub products with varying risks and rewards. The financial crisis of 2007-08 owes its origin to these products.
This is a free e-book from the London School of Economics. It includes several stand alone chapters. Each one of them is written by a different expert or professor. The main underlying topics include how to manage and prevent future financial crisis. And, what would be the best financial regulatory framework to do just that.
What role does collateral play in surety bonds? In this publication, we take a look at the types of collateral that sureties may accept, the right time to release a collateral, what happens to a collateral if you change sureties, and why a collateral may be necessary for riskier bonds.
The system of organized lending can never run out of risks. Be market, liquidity, credit, interest or operational, risk is inevitable for banks and other financial firms.
Hence, a primary importance is given to risk profiling in all financial institutions.
One of the omnipresent risks that have taken a toll on banks regularly is credit risk. In simplest terms, this risk can be defined as non repayment of a loan as per agreed conditions, to the lender, thus ruining the lender’s investment.
The non repayment can be intentional (willful default), due to failure of an industry (systemic risk), failure of cross currency settlement (settlement risk) etc.
In this article, we are going to explore credit risk. We will discuss its basic meaning, types, causes, effects and how banks all over the world have made attempts to monitor, mitigate, transfer and at times, accept the risk.
This is a free e-book from the London School of Economics. It includes several stand alone chapters. Each one of them is written by a different expert or professor. The main underlying topics include how to manage and prevent future financial crisis. And, what would be the best financial regulatory framework to do just that.
What role does collateral play in surety bonds? In this publication, we take a look at the types of collateral that sureties may accept, the right time to release a collateral, what happens to a collateral if you change sureties, and why a collateral may be necessary for riskier bonds.
The system of organized lending can never run out of risks. Be market, liquidity, credit, interest or operational, risk is inevitable for banks and other financial firms.
Hence, a primary importance is given to risk profiling in all financial institutions.
One of the omnipresent risks that have taken a toll on banks regularly is credit risk. In simplest terms, this risk can be defined as non repayment of a loan as per agreed conditions, to the lender, thus ruining the lender’s investment.
The non repayment can be intentional (willful default), due to failure of an industry (systemic risk), failure of cross currency settlement (settlement risk) etc.
In this article, we are going to explore credit risk. We will discuss its basic meaning, types, causes, effects and how banks all over the world have made attempts to monitor, mitigate, transfer and at times, accept the risk.
In 1984, in 1990 and in 2005 Congress passed laws exempting certain financial contracts from the standard provisions of the bankruptcy code. In each case, the effect of the law was to protect collateral securing the contract from those provisions of the bankruptcy code that allow a judge to review the claims of secured creditors and to protect the interests of other creditors whenever necessary.
The introduction of inequitable treatment into the bankruptcy code would be acceptable, if in fact the financial contract exemptions worked to protect the stability of the financial system. Recent experience indicates, however, that the special treatment granted to repurchase agreements and over the counter derivatives tends to reduce the stability of the financial system by encouraging collateralized interbank lending and discouraging careful analysis of the credit risk of counterparties. The bankruptcy exemptions also increase the risk that creditors will run on a financial firm and bankrupt it. Thus, the bankruptcy code has been rewritten to favor financial firms and this revision of the law has had a profoundly destabilizing effect on the financial system.
It is a market place where shares of public companies are bought and sold
It is commonplace where the issuers of the shares & subscribers of the shares come together
Political risk is the risk that arises out of uncertainty and instability within the government framework or political institutions in a country.
To know more about it, refer to the following article:
https://efinancemanagement.com/investment-decisions/political-risk
Pegged Exchange Rates are exchange rates that are set by way of “pegging” of one’s currency with another country’s currency or some other valuable measure, such as gold.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/international-financial-management/pegged-exchange-rate
A debt market instrument specifically a Note, which mostly matures between 5 years to 10 years is known as a Medium Term Note (MTN).
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/sources-of-finance/medium-term-note
IBF is a facility wherein the US Banking institutions provide banking services such as granting loans, accepting deposits, to foreign residents and foreign banks.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/international-financial-management/banking-facility
Risk aversion is an approach to making investments in safe and stable financial instruments, even though if they provide limited or low returns. The opposite of risk aversion is “Risk Tolerance”.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/investment-decisions/opposite-of-risk-aversion
Development Impact Bond or (DIB) is a financial tool that helps to fund development projects, usually of social nature.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/sources-of-finance/development-impact-bond-dib
The concept of the Security Market Line is very popular for portfolio management. It helps to derive the pricing of risky securities by plotting their expected returns.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/investment-decisions/security-market-line
A bond that releases interest payments on the basis of a particular price index is known as Indexed Bonds or Index-Linked Bonds or Inflation-Indexed Bonds.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/sources-of-finance/indexed-bonds-meaning-examples-advantages-and-more
Maturity Risk Premium is basically the extra return that an investor demands or gets for bearing the maturity risk. We can say, longer the maturity of a financial instrument, the more is the maturity risk premium it offers.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/investment-decisions/maturity-risk-premium-meaning-need-and-calculation
Cross Hedge is a futures contract strategy or a financial strategy to offset or minimize the loss from one asset from the profits of the other asset.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/investment-decisions/cross-hedge
Functional Currency (FC), as the word suggests, is the currency of the location or the economic environment in which a firm works.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/international-financial-management/functional-currency-meaning-importance-how-to-determine
An exchange rate system in which the value of a currency is determined not only by the forces of demand and supply but also through some form of intervention by the central government or central banking regulator of that country is known as a dirty float.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/international-financial-management/dirty-float
Blue Sky Laws are state regulations and their purpose is to safeguard investors from securities fraud. And these being the laws promulgated by the states, there may be some variations in the rules and regulations state-wise for these blue sky laws.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/investment-decisions/blue-sky-laws
The term FACTORING in finance stands for the act of buying a company’s rights to collect payments from its debtors or accounts receivables and charging the company for this service.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/working-capital-financing/how-do-factoring-companies-work
A group of ratios that shows how efficiently the company is managing its assets to generate and maximize sales revenues is known as Asset Management Ratios.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/financial-management/asset-management-ratios-types-interpretations-advantages-disadvantages-and-more
Structured notes are securities having a combination of derivatives and bond components, tailored to help investors with little risk appetite to invest in high to medium risk assets.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/sources-of-finance/structured-notes
Commodity funds are the funds that invest in commodities like rice, corn, or metals like gold. Like funds investing in stocks, the returns on commodity funds are also linked to the performance and price movements of these commodities in the market.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/investment-decisions/commodity-fund
Nicholas Brady is the inspiration for the Brady bonds. In 1989, when Brady was the U.S. Treasury secretary, he came up with a proposal to help reduce the debt of the developing countries.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/sources-of-finance/brady-bonds-meaning-history-how-it-works-and-more
In forfaiting, exporters sell their trade receivables from the importers to a third party. This means that the exporters exchange their trade receivables with a third party for cash.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/financial-accounting/forfaiting
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
3. CLO (Collateralized Loan Obligations):
CLO is a loan fund that uses investors’ money to buy business loans. These loans are largely to the companies that have a
lower than investment grade rating (BB+ or lower).
CDO (Collateralized Debt Obligations):
CDOs depend upon mortgages and other similar debt, such as bonds, credit card debt, and more. We can classify CDOs
on the basis of the type of underlying assets they represent.
Meaning
4. 1. Exposure to industries:
CDOs mainly have exposure to just one industry, i.e. the housing market. While CLOs usually have exposure to varying
industries.
2. Complexity:
CLO is relatively less intricate than CDOs.
3. Bank Exposure:
The exposure of the banking sector in CLO is relatively lesser than in CDOs.
4. Risk:
CLOs are less risky than CDOs because the former includes senior, secured loans, are diversified, and have less exposure
to derivatives and leverage.
Differences
5. 5. Default:
AAA-rated tranches of CLOs have had no default since 1994. This is, however, is not the case with CDOs. The CDO
default was a major triggering point of the 2008 financial crisis.
6. Credit default Swaps (CDS):
CDOs use CDS, and this makes CDOs more complex. CDS are basically insurance policies that protect against the losses
from riskiest tranches. CLOs, in contrast, usually don’t use CDS.
Differences
6. Following the 2008 crisis, CDOs are facing more regulations now, and thus, are not as risky as they were at the time.
Coming to CLOs, they have a less complex structure and have fewer exposures to derivatives.
One more reason why CLOs are relatively less risky because of the financial analysts. By analyzing corporate loans, the
analysts are able to come up with their verdict on the company.
All these things mean, CLOs don’t pose a risk to the overall banking system.
Who is More Likely to Bring Banking Crises?
7. Reference
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/derivatives/clo-vs-cdo