The document discusses various aspects of climate change including causes, consequences, economic impacts, and mitigation strategies. It covers topics such as the key greenhouse gases that cause global warming, effects on water resources, energy supply, agriculture, and economic sustainability. International agreements aimed at mitigating climate change are also summarized, such as the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and EU Emissions Trading Scheme. The document provides an overview of the issue of climate change from various perspectives in a comprehensive manner.

1. Evan Hahn Albert Czerny Sherif Mohamed

2. So, What‘s The Issue?
Introduction
Droughts, rising sea
Causes levels, agriculture &
migration
Consequences
Rising Global
Temperatures
Economic
Greenhouse Gas
Sustainability Emissions
Mitigation
Conclusion

3. Why is this Issue Important?
Introduction
Causes
Consequences
Industry
Economic
Sustainability
Mitigation
Economy Environment
Conclusion

4. Natural Causes
Introduction
Causes
Consequences
Economic
Sustainability
Mitigation
• Sun’s output is averagely the same.
Conclusion • Natural Causes are not enough to explain climate change.
• Human Activities plays the major role

5. • Main Factor • Most abundant
• Steadily increasing • More warming
• Heat Trapping gas effects
Introduction
Causes
Carbon Water
Consequences Dioxide Vapor
Economic
Other
Sustainability heat
CFC trapping
gases
Mitigation
• Human Activity in • Methane , nitrous
Refrigerators oxide
• Ozone Depletion • Human activity
Conclusion • Indirectly intensify • Heating purposes
global warming

6. Water Resources
Introduction
• Floods and Droughts are
Causes more likely to occur
• Rainfall becomes
Consequences
concentrated to main
events
Economic • Loss of water data history
Sustainability for prediction
• Threatening marine life
Mitigation • Polar glaciers melt & sea
level rises
Conclusion

7. Energy Supply
Introduction
• Reduction in hydropower
Causes supply
• Fluctuation of energy
Consequences
from wind turbines
• Increase in demand for
Economic cooling energy which
Sustainability overcome saving from
less heating energy
• Rising energy prices are
Mitigation
transferred to consumers
Conclusion

8. Risk Burdens
Introduction
• Increase fear for design
Causes and location of different
facilities
Consequences
• Fear of hazardous
material leaking due to
Economic bad weather conditions
Sustainability • Higher insurance fees
• Higher regulations
Mitigation
Conclusion

9. International Trade
Introduction
• Storms and bad weather
Causes conditions affects the
international trade
Consequences routes
• Disruption of flight
Economic schedule
Sustainability • Destruction of
infrastructure and
transportation means
Mitigation
Conclusion

10. Agriculture
Introduction
• Waves of drought and
Causes Downpours
• Decreased crop yield
Consequences
• Higher temperature
benefits insect pests and
Economic weeds
Sustainability • Livestock productivity
decreases
Mitigation • Increase of food prices
Conclusion

11. Economic Sustainability
Introduction
Causes
Consequences
Economic
Sustainability
Global GDP Investment of Increasing
may drop 5- 1% of GDP in International
20% in emission Aid to develop
Mitigation perpetuity reduction & educate
without action could reduce poorer regions
worst impacts on climate
change
Conclusion

12. Climate Change Mitigation
Introduction
Climate change mitigation is action to decrease the power of
Causes radiative forcing in order to diminish the possible effects of
global warming.
Consequences
• Most means of mitigations
seem effective only for
avoiding further climate
Economic
change.
Sustainability
• Much has been done on the
field of climate change
Mitigation mitigation.
• Focus on mitigation actions
Conclusion on a worldwide and European
level.

13. UNFCCC
Introduction
• An international treaty.
• Entered into force in March 1994.
Causes
• 194 parties – associated in the Conference of the
Parties (COP).
Consequences
• COP is responsible for maintaining international
determinations to address climate change on track.
Economic • Most important COP in Kyoto – where Kyoto protocol
was adopted.
Sustainability
Mitigation
Conclusion

14. UNFCCC – Kyoto Protocol
Introduction
Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement that sets Binding
goals for 37 industrialized countries and the countries of
Causes European community for reducing GHG emissions.
Consequences • Entered into force in 2005.
• Commitment period: 2008-2012.
Economic • On average, industrialized countries
Sustainability have to reduce emissions 5% against
1990 levels over the 5 years period.
• Bigger burden on industrialized countries.
Mitigation • 191 countries signed and ratified
the Kyoto Protocol.
• The Protocol tackles
Conclusion emissions of 6 main GHGs.

15. Post-Kyoto Regime
Introduction
Causes • At the end of 2012 the
commitment period of the Kyoto
Consequences Protocol will expire.
• Perceived as one of the most
Economic important first steps towards a
Sustainability serious global emission reduction
regime.
Mitigation • So far no binding treaty has been
negotiated.
Conclusion

16. European Union Emissions Trading
Scheme – EU ETS
KyotoThe EU ETS, as the first and the biggest multinational CO2 emission trading system in
the world, is the cornerstone of the EU‘s strategy for fighting climate change.
FACTS CAP & TRADE SYSTEM
• Incorporates 30 states. • Scheme caps the total amount
of allowed emissions and
• Covers sectors, that are creates scarcity in the market.
collectively responsible for • Allows participants to buy and
close to half of the EU’s sell CO2 allowances as they
emissions of CO2 and 40% of
its total GHG emissions. require - within the limit.
• Installations have to surrender
• Has a high potential to allowances equivalent to their
incorporate many economic emissions at the end of each
sectors. year.

17. EU ETS - Phases
Introduction
Causes
Consequences
Economic
Sustainability
Mitigation
Conclusion

18. Social Cost of Carbon
Introduction
“NPV of incremental damage due to
Causes a small increase in carbon dioxide
emissions”
Consequences
Economic
Sustainability
Mitigation
Conclusion

19. Going Forward
Emission Credit Technology
Trading Cooperation
Incorporate
Climate Change
Reduce
in
Deforestation
Developmental
Strategies