This presentation introduces the smart grid capabilities with the greatest CO2 reduction potential, the benefit-cost analysis associated with these capabilities, the ratemaking policies that discourage utilities from optimizing these capabilities, and potential solutions. To schedule a presentation for your state energy office or utility regulatory staff, please contact Wired Group President Paul Alvarez.
Lucrative power balancing schemes offered by National Grid and EirGrid can provide the milling and grain industry with long-term revenues of up to £90,000 per megawatt. These demand side response schemes involve energy-intensive businesses reducing power consumption for short periods to stabilize the electricity grid. Aggregators help coordinate multiple businesses to form a virtual power plant and ensure adequate response to requests from grid operators, earning significant income without capital costs for participating mills.
Demand Side Response (DSR) reduces electrical usage during peak demand periods to help avoid using expensive power stations. DSR programs involve reducing consumption through methods like on-site generation, adjusting production schedules, and optimizing building management systems and lighting. DSR provides benefits like financial savings, supporting renewable energy, and reducing carbon emissions. It is a growing resource as the electricity network transforms and more intermittent renewable sources are added.
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The Sate of Tamil Nadu has recently released new solar policy with highly ambitious target of 9GW by 2023. Gensol has highlighted key areas of focus & inferences with respect to incentives, energy accounting, wheeling of power etc.
March 2011 - Michigan Energy Forum - Joseph A. Malcoun IIAnnArborSPARK
Have you ever considered purchasing an electric vehicle? Want to find out what all the hype is about? Join us for an evening of information and updates on the rollout of electric vehicles in Michigan and the United States.
The document discusses the need for smart grids in the UK to address issues of energy security, climate change, and costs. It outlines the various stakeholders involved and their roles. While progress is being made, smart grid development remains complex with long lead times required and an unclear future. Different regions and networks require customized solutions.
V2G Opportunities And Impacts E3 2008 S Mullenmull0197
The document discusses vehicle-to-grid opportunities and impacts, including how plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) can provide power to the electric grid through two-way communication. PHEVs could supply power for ancillary grid services, reduce peak loads, and help integrate renewable energy. The author models how aggregated PHEVs could support the electric system and designs vehicle controls to optimize energy use while meeting driver needs. Batteries in PHEVs are seen as ideal for short-term grid services and providing customer choice if communication and control infrastructure is improved.
In rural Nigeria, many communities depend on diesel generators, and pay a high price for harmful, polluting, unreliable power. Hospitals are often forced to close when power fails, and when life-support systems shut down, lives are lost.
The Lagos State Electricity Board (LSEB) selected Schneider Electric to bring solar power and storage to 172 schools and 11 public health centers in rural Nigeria.
Lucrative power balancing schemes offered by National Grid and EirGrid can provide the milling and grain industry with long-term revenues of up to £90,000 per megawatt. These demand side response schemes involve energy-intensive businesses reducing power consumption for short periods to stabilize the electricity grid. Aggregators help coordinate multiple businesses to form a virtual power plant and ensure adequate response to requests from grid operators, earning significant income without capital costs for participating mills.
Demand Side Response (DSR) reduces electrical usage during peak demand periods to help avoid using expensive power stations. DSR programs involve reducing consumption through methods like on-site generation, adjusting production schedules, and optimizing building management systems and lighting. DSR provides benefits like financial savings, supporting renewable energy, and reducing carbon emissions. It is a growing resource as the electricity network transforms and more intermittent renewable sources are added.
Introduction to Reactive Technologies Introduction to Reactive TechnologiesIntroduction to Reactive TechnologiesIntroduction to Reactive TechnologiesIntroduction to Reactive TechnologiesIntroduction to Reactive TechnologiesIntroduction to Reactive TechnologiesIntroduction to Reactive TechnologiesIntroduction to Reactive TechnologiesIntroduction to Reactive TechnologiesIntroduction to Reactive TechnologiesIntroduction to Reactive TechnologiesIntroduction to Reactive TechnologiesIntroduction to Reactive TechnologiesIntroduction to Reactive TechnologiesIntroduction to Reactive TechnologiesIntroduction to Reactive TechnologiesIntroduction to Reactive TechnologiesIntroduction to Reactive TechnologiesIntroduction to Reactive TechnologiesIntroduction to Reactive TechnologiesIntroduction to Reactive TechnologiesIntroduction to Reactive TechnologiesIntroduction to Reactive TechnologiesIntroduction to Reactive TechnologiesIntroduction to Reactive TechnologiesIntroduction to Reactive TechnologiesIntroduction to Reactive TechnologiesIntroduction to Reactive TechnologiesIntroduction to Reactive Technologies
The Sate of Tamil Nadu has recently released new solar policy with highly ambitious target of 9GW by 2023. Gensol has highlighted key areas of focus & inferences with respect to incentives, energy accounting, wheeling of power etc.
March 2011 - Michigan Energy Forum - Joseph A. Malcoun IIAnnArborSPARK
Have you ever considered purchasing an electric vehicle? Want to find out what all the hype is about? Join us for an evening of information and updates on the rollout of electric vehicles in Michigan and the United States.
The document discusses the need for smart grids in the UK to address issues of energy security, climate change, and costs. It outlines the various stakeholders involved and their roles. While progress is being made, smart grid development remains complex with long lead times required and an unclear future. Different regions and networks require customized solutions.
V2G Opportunities And Impacts E3 2008 S Mullenmull0197
The document discusses vehicle-to-grid opportunities and impacts, including how plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) can provide power to the electric grid through two-way communication. PHEVs could supply power for ancillary grid services, reduce peak loads, and help integrate renewable energy. The author models how aggregated PHEVs could support the electric system and designs vehicle controls to optimize energy use while meeting driver needs. Batteries in PHEVs are seen as ideal for short-term grid services and providing customer choice if communication and control infrastructure is improved.
In rural Nigeria, many communities depend on diesel generators, and pay a high price for harmful, polluting, unreliable power. Hospitals are often forced to close when power fails, and when life-support systems shut down, lives are lost.
The Lagos State Electricity Board (LSEB) selected Schneider Electric to bring solar power and storage to 172 schools and 11 public health centers in rural Nigeria.
The presentation throws light on the commercial aspects of developing a solar project in Maharashtra with a view to supply power to a third party through open access.
Specifically, it probes into the spectrum of open access charges that are applicable while the generated power traverses through the state transmission and local distribution grid, starting from the plant end to the consumer end.
The document discusses an intelligent power controller called the AIPC that can store low-cost off-peak electricity and use it during peak times to significantly reduce electricity costs for consumers. It works by installing between the utility meter and breaker panel to intelligently manage grid power usage. Field tests are planned in early 2010 across different industry sectors to demonstrate the AIPC's ROI within a few months of use. The company is seeking $3 million in funding to complete production, certification, and launch the AIPC commercially.
The document discusses smart vehicle-to-grid (V2G) applications from the EnerWare team's final project report. It notes that V2G technologies allow electric vehicles to provide energy storage and ancillary grid services when not in use. By 2017, it is projected there will be over 5 million plug-in electric vehicles worldwide. The technologies have the potential to provide revenue to vehicle owners and help buildings and power grids balance energy supply and demand. The team's smart V2G applications aim to create this win-win situation through investments in infrastructure, vehicle technology, V2G-ready parking lots, and wireless charging spots.
This document discusses vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology which allows electric vehicles to provide power to the electric grid during periods when they are parked and connected to the grid. V2G technology integrates electric vehicles into the smart grid and allows them to provide services like frequency regulation. It describes how V2G works by establishing communication between vehicles and charging stations that can then form a "virtual storage network" to provide balancing services to the electric grid. V2G provides benefits like improving power quality and reducing electric bills but requires standards and legislation to fully integrate electric vehicles into grid operations.
APPLICATION OF PHEVs FOR SMART GRID IN INDIAN POWER SECTOR1Eshwar Pisalkar
This document discusses the application of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) for smart grids in the Indian power sector. It describes how PHEVs can help with demand side management by charging from renewable energy sources and providing power back to the grid. The document also examines issues like harmonic distortion caused by PHEV charging and its impact on transformers. It proposes a distributed strategy for PHEV charging and discharging that involves regional dispatch centers and charging stations. Finally, it suggests that introducing electric 2-wheelers widely in India first could significantly reduce household power demand.
This document discusses opportunities for electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology. It notes that greater adoption of renewable energy and efforts to improve grid efficiency have increased demand for customer demand management solutions, making V2G a promising option. An integrated home solution could manage energy use and enable V2G benefits. V2G infrastructure could allow EVs to support the grid during peak demand periods using stored battery power, helping supplement generation and reduce the need for load shedding. Aggregating many EVs could provide substantial benefits to utilities and grid stability with renewable energy integration.
V2G allows electric vehicles to provide power to the electrical grid during periods of peak demand by allowing two-way power flow. There are three main versions of V2G involving battery-powered vehicles that can provide power to the grid from excess battery capacity during peak times and recharge during off-peak times. V2G systems provide benefits like peak load leveling and spinning reserves but challenges include potential grid overloading and high vehicle costs compared to ICE vehicles.
Power Conservation Technology Integration WebinarLegend Power
On Jan 1, 2010, Legend Power hosted a webinar "Stop the Band-Aid Approach to Commercial Power Conservation. Get Strategic."
Panelists Included:
Peter Leathley, Pulse Energy
Mr. Dominique Dodd, President & CEO, TE
Victoria Kamsler, Chief Ethics Officer & Research Director, Greenfiniti
Dr. William Dunford, P. Eng, CTO Legend Power
Mark Petersen P.Eng., Lead Engineer, Legend Power
EBR Registry No 012-8435 - iSolara Comments on Proposed Amendment of O. Reg. ...Mitchell Niles
This document provides comments from iSolara Solar Power in response to proposed amendments to Ontario's net metering regulation. Key points include:
- The credit carryover period should be extended to 60 months to account for annual variations in solar production and energy consumption.
- The maximum system size limit should be removed to allow more large customers to participate and size systems to meet energy needs.
- Single-entity virtual net metering distance restrictions should be based on IESO geographical zones rather than an arbitrary distance.
- Existing generators should have the option to opt-in to the new net metering agreements.
Hosted by KTN, this event brought together the projects that were funded as part of the £30 million UK government funding to support and develop vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technologies - aiming to enable electric cars and other vehicles to deliver electricity back to the smart grid, to light homes and power businesses.
A great opportunity for local councils, fleet owners (looking to go electric) or those in the Energy and Infrastructure sectors.
The event looked at:
- Benefits and learnings from the V2G cohort projects;
- V2G Grid connections (as it was noted that the G99 process could be elongated at times)
- Update from Ofgem (including a Q&A session)
Find out more: https://ktn-uk.co.uk/news/v2g-vehicle-to-grid-cohort-the-future
TransGrid Energy Storage Australia 2015TransGrid AU
The document discusses grid innovation and solutions for managing the evolving energy landscape. It notes that the grid of the future will have more renewable energy sources, smarter demand management, increased energy efficiency, and local generation. The document outlines TransGrid's iDemand program for monitoring solar generation, batteries, and consumption in real-time. It also discusses potential solutions like new transmission lines, phase shifting transformers, and batteries to address issues like outages and overloads on the grid. The goal is to share research and solutions to better understand challenges and enable a sustainable energy future through collaboration.
Smart Grid The Role of Electricity Infrastructure in Reducing Greenhouse Gas ...Gruene-it.org
This white paper discusses how implementing a smart grid using information and communications technology can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the electricity sector in three ways: 1) By reducing growth in electricity demand through tools like smart meters and demand response programs. 2) By accelerating adoption of renewable electricity sources like microgeneration and electric vehicles. 3) By delaying construction of new power plants and transmission lines by prolonging the life of existing infrastructure. The paper outlines the key applications of a smart grid and their potential environmental and economic impacts.
An introduction to Ontario's program to promote renewable energy production. The Feed-in-Tariff (FIT) program makes alternative energy sources such as Solar & Wind a compelling investment. The presentation contains ROI calculations, sample setups and more. Presentation by Clearly Solar Ottawa and PACE Ottawa.
This document discusses smart grids and sustainable development from a regulatory and operational perspective. It covers topics such as:
- The definition of sustainable development and how smart grids can enable a more sustainable power sector.
- India's current energy scenario including low per capita consumption, generation and transmission issues, and the need to reduce dependence on coal for sustainable development and energy security.
- How smart grid technologies like sensors, automation, and two-way communication can help address existing issues in generation, transmission, distribution and with consumers.
- The key drivers for smart grids in India from the perspective of utilities, customers and government/regulators. The objectives are to achieve cost recovery and customer value for utilities, and cost
This document discusses electric vehicles from the perspective of a utility and some of the impacts and opportunities that electric vehicles present. It notes that widespread electric vehicle adoption could nearly double the electrical demand of the average home. However, utilities can mitigate increased loads through infrastructure upgrades and smart grid technologies that allow for optimized and flexible charging. The utility discussed has received a smart grid grant and deployed smart meters, and is considering time-of-use rates and smart charging integration to help manage electric vehicle loads.
The document provides a comparative study of forecasting and scheduling regulations for solar and wind projects in various states in India in 2019. It analyzes key aspects of the regulations such as applicability, forecasting and scheduling responsibility, tolerance bands for deviation settlement, scheduling requirements, reference points, apportionment of charges, telemetry requirements, and timelines for payment of deviation charges. The analysis is presented in tables comparing the regulations of states in northern, western & central, and eastern regions of India to highlight similarities and differences in the regulations of different states.
NanoGrids for Home Application in a Power Cloud Framework Alessandro Burgio
Thanks to recent innovations driven by European Union and national policies, lately it has been possible to see the realization of effective renewable energy technologies, for both large and small-scale use, alongside considerable cost reductions for customers. As a result, businesses and households can increasingly produce and consume, some or all, their own electricity, either instantaneously or in a deferred manner through decentralized storage, behind the connection point with the grid (i.e. the meter). In such a way, it is possible to maximize self-consumption in order to increase their efficiency of energy use and reduce their exposure to electricity prices. In the paper, the use of the so-called Nanogrid for Home Application is proposed to achieve the result of the self-consumption maximization. Moreover, a framework of exchanging energy among Prosumers (Power Cloud) is illustrated to promote the use of Nanogrids for Home Applications.
V2X is an umbrella term to explain the use of Electric Vehicle (EV) batteries to provide energy services and derive additional value from the battery asset during times of non-use. V2X services aim to generate revenue from the battery asset through dynamic or bi-directional charge control to provide benefits to the electric grid or to reduce/flatten/shift peak energy consumption of buildings and can be classified in the following operating modes:
· Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G): Using an EV battery to interact with/provide value to the electric grid
· Vehicle-to Building (V2B): Operating EV batteries to optimize building energy consumption
· Vehicle-to-Home (V2H): Optimizing home energy consumption or as emergency back-up power
· Vehicle-to-Load (V2L): Any other instance of an EV battery providing energy to a load
The document discusses the challenges facing energy grids in Ireland and solutions provided by GE's smart grid technologies. Demand for energy is rising significantly in Ireland while renewable energy sources are also increasing. GE's smart grid uses data and communications technologies to provide solutions that empower consumers, increase grid reliability and efficiency, and better integrate renewable energy. These solutions include smart appliances, advanced metering, demand response systems, and technologies to optimize voltage and reactive power.
The document discusses the importance of energy conservation as the best alternative energy option available. It outlines a two-step program implemented by the Energy Conservation Department to encourage energy saving behaviors through technical assistance and audits of industrial and commercial facilities. The program involves general analysis and complete energy audits to identify recommendations to save energy through improvements to lighting, motors, air compressors and other systems. Successful implementation of recommendations at some facilities resulted in over 1MW of power savings.
The presentation throws light on the commercial aspects of developing a solar project in Maharashtra with a view to supply power to a third party through open access.
Specifically, it probes into the spectrum of open access charges that are applicable while the generated power traverses through the state transmission and local distribution grid, starting from the plant end to the consumer end.
The document discusses an intelligent power controller called the AIPC that can store low-cost off-peak electricity and use it during peak times to significantly reduce electricity costs for consumers. It works by installing between the utility meter and breaker panel to intelligently manage grid power usage. Field tests are planned in early 2010 across different industry sectors to demonstrate the AIPC's ROI within a few months of use. The company is seeking $3 million in funding to complete production, certification, and launch the AIPC commercially.
The document discusses smart vehicle-to-grid (V2G) applications from the EnerWare team's final project report. It notes that V2G technologies allow electric vehicles to provide energy storage and ancillary grid services when not in use. By 2017, it is projected there will be over 5 million plug-in electric vehicles worldwide. The technologies have the potential to provide revenue to vehicle owners and help buildings and power grids balance energy supply and demand. The team's smart V2G applications aim to create this win-win situation through investments in infrastructure, vehicle technology, V2G-ready parking lots, and wireless charging spots.
This document discusses vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology which allows electric vehicles to provide power to the electric grid during periods when they are parked and connected to the grid. V2G technology integrates electric vehicles into the smart grid and allows them to provide services like frequency regulation. It describes how V2G works by establishing communication between vehicles and charging stations that can then form a "virtual storage network" to provide balancing services to the electric grid. V2G provides benefits like improving power quality and reducing electric bills but requires standards and legislation to fully integrate electric vehicles into grid operations.
APPLICATION OF PHEVs FOR SMART GRID IN INDIAN POWER SECTOR1Eshwar Pisalkar
This document discusses the application of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) for smart grids in the Indian power sector. It describes how PHEVs can help with demand side management by charging from renewable energy sources and providing power back to the grid. The document also examines issues like harmonic distortion caused by PHEV charging and its impact on transformers. It proposes a distributed strategy for PHEV charging and discharging that involves regional dispatch centers and charging stations. Finally, it suggests that introducing electric 2-wheelers widely in India first could significantly reduce household power demand.
This document discusses opportunities for electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology. It notes that greater adoption of renewable energy and efforts to improve grid efficiency have increased demand for customer demand management solutions, making V2G a promising option. An integrated home solution could manage energy use and enable V2G benefits. V2G infrastructure could allow EVs to support the grid during peak demand periods using stored battery power, helping supplement generation and reduce the need for load shedding. Aggregating many EVs could provide substantial benefits to utilities and grid stability with renewable energy integration.
V2G allows electric vehicles to provide power to the electrical grid during periods of peak demand by allowing two-way power flow. There are three main versions of V2G involving battery-powered vehicles that can provide power to the grid from excess battery capacity during peak times and recharge during off-peak times. V2G systems provide benefits like peak load leveling and spinning reserves but challenges include potential grid overloading and high vehicle costs compared to ICE vehicles.
Power Conservation Technology Integration WebinarLegend Power
On Jan 1, 2010, Legend Power hosted a webinar "Stop the Band-Aid Approach to Commercial Power Conservation. Get Strategic."
Panelists Included:
Peter Leathley, Pulse Energy
Mr. Dominique Dodd, President & CEO, TE
Victoria Kamsler, Chief Ethics Officer & Research Director, Greenfiniti
Dr. William Dunford, P. Eng, CTO Legend Power
Mark Petersen P.Eng., Lead Engineer, Legend Power
EBR Registry No 012-8435 - iSolara Comments on Proposed Amendment of O. Reg. ...Mitchell Niles
This document provides comments from iSolara Solar Power in response to proposed amendments to Ontario's net metering regulation. Key points include:
- The credit carryover period should be extended to 60 months to account for annual variations in solar production and energy consumption.
- The maximum system size limit should be removed to allow more large customers to participate and size systems to meet energy needs.
- Single-entity virtual net metering distance restrictions should be based on IESO geographical zones rather than an arbitrary distance.
- Existing generators should have the option to opt-in to the new net metering agreements.
Hosted by KTN, this event brought together the projects that were funded as part of the £30 million UK government funding to support and develop vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technologies - aiming to enable electric cars and other vehicles to deliver electricity back to the smart grid, to light homes and power businesses.
A great opportunity for local councils, fleet owners (looking to go electric) or those in the Energy and Infrastructure sectors.
The event looked at:
- Benefits and learnings from the V2G cohort projects;
- V2G Grid connections (as it was noted that the G99 process could be elongated at times)
- Update from Ofgem (including a Q&A session)
Find out more: https://ktn-uk.co.uk/news/v2g-vehicle-to-grid-cohort-the-future
TransGrid Energy Storage Australia 2015TransGrid AU
The document discusses grid innovation and solutions for managing the evolving energy landscape. It notes that the grid of the future will have more renewable energy sources, smarter demand management, increased energy efficiency, and local generation. The document outlines TransGrid's iDemand program for monitoring solar generation, batteries, and consumption in real-time. It also discusses potential solutions like new transmission lines, phase shifting transformers, and batteries to address issues like outages and overloads on the grid. The goal is to share research and solutions to better understand challenges and enable a sustainable energy future through collaboration.
Smart Grid The Role of Electricity Infrastructure in Reducing Greenhouse Gas ...Gruene-it.org
This white paper discusses how implementing a smart grid using information and communications technology can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the electricity sector in three ways: 1) By reducing growth in electricity demand through tools like smart meters and demand response programs. 2) By accelerating adoption of renewable electricity sources like microgeneration and electric vehicles. 3) By delaying construction of new power plants and transmission lines by prolonging the life of existing infrastructure. The paper outlines the key applications of a smart grid and their potential environmental and economic impacts.
An introduction to Ontario's program to promote renewable energy production. The Feed-in-Tariff (FIT) program makes alternative energy sources such as Solar & Wind a compelling investment. The presentation contains ROI calculations, sample setups and more. Presentation by Clearly Solar Ottawa and PACE Ottawa.
This document discusses smart grids and sustainable development from a regulatory and operational perspective. It covers topics such as:
- The definition of sustainable development and how smart grids can enable a more sustainable power sector.
- India's current energy scenario including low per capita consumption, generation and transmission issues, and the need to reduce dependence on coal for sustainable development and energy security.
- How smart grid technologies like sensors, automation, and two-way communication can help address existing issues in generation, transmission, distribution and with consumers.
- The key drivers for smart grids in India from the perspective of utilities, customers and government/regulators. The objectives are to achieve cost recovery and customer value for utilities, and cost
This document discusses electric vehicles from the perspective of a utility and some of the impacts and opportunities that electric vehicles present. It notes that widespread electric vehicle adoption could nearly double the electrical demand of the average home. However, utilities can mitigate increased loads through infrastructure upgrades and smart grid technologies that allow for optimized and flexible charging. The utility discussed has received a smart grid grant and deployed smart meters, and is considering time-of-use rates and smart charging integration to help manage electric vehicle loads.
The document provides a comparative study of forecasting and scheduling regulations for solar and wind projects in various states in India in 2019. It analyzes key aspects of the regulations such as applicability, forecasting and scheduling responsibility, tolerance bands for deviation settlement, scheduling requirements, reference points, apportionment of charges, telemetry requirements, and timelines for payment of deviation charges. The analysis is presented in tables comparing the regulations of states in northern, western & central, and eastern regions of India to highlight similarities and differences in the regulations of different states.
NanoGrids for Home Application in a Power Cloud Framework Alessandro Burgio
Thanks to recent innovations driven by European Union and national policies, lately it has been possible to see the realization of effective renewable energy technologies, for both large and small-scale use, alongside considerable cost reductions for customers. As a result, businesses and households can increasingly produce and consume, some or all, their own electricity, either instantaneously or in a deferred manner through decentralized storage, behind the connection point with the grid (i.e. the meter). In such a way, it is possible to maximize self-consumption in order to increase their efficiency of energy use and reduce their exposure to electricity prices. In the paper, the use of the so-called Nanogrid for Home Application is proposed to achieve the result of the self-consumption maximization. Moreover, a framework of exchanging energy among Prosumers (Power Cloud) is illustrated to promote the use of Nanogrids for Home Applications.
V2X is an umbrella term to explain the use of Electric Vehicle (EV) batteries to provide energy services and derive additional value from the battery asset during times of non-use. V2X services aim to generate revenue from the battery asset through dynamic or bi-directional charge control to provide benefits to the electric grid or to reduce/flatten/shift peak energy consumption of buildings and can be classified in the following operating modes:
· Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G): Using an EV battery to interact with/provide value to the electric grid
· Vehicle-to Building (V2B): Operating EV batteries to optimize building energy consumption
· Vehicle-to-Home (V2H): Optimizing home energy consumption or as emergency back-up power
· Vehicle-to-Load (V2L): Any other instance of an EV battery providing energy to a load
The document discusses the challenges facing energy grids in Ireland and solutions provided by GE's smart grid technologies. Demand for energy is rising significantly in Ireland while renewable energy sources are also increasing. GE's smart grid uses data and communications technologies to provide solutions that empower consumers, increase grid reliability and efficiency, and better integrate renewable energy. These solutions include smart appliances, advanced metering, demand response systems, and technologies to optimize voltage and reactive power.
The document discusses the importance of energy conservation as the best alternative energy option available. It outlines a two-step program implemented by the Energy Conservation Department to encourage energy saving behaviors through technical assistance and audits of industrial and commercial facilities. The program involves general analysis and complete energy audits to identify recommendations to save energy through improvements to lighting, motors, air compressors and other systems. Successful implementation of recommendations at some facilities resulted in over 1MW of power savings.
Case Study – Demand Side Response and How it Can Work for youEMEX
What is DSR and why is it important? What is E.ON doing with DSR? Case study – Citizen. Overview of financial and renewable benefits of DSR. Implementing DSR – next steps to take
ARC's Larry O'Brien Process Automation Presentation @ ARC Industry Forum 2010ARC Advisory Group
ARC's Larry O'Brien Process Automation Presentation @ ARC Industry Forum 2010 in Orlando, FL.
Using Process Automation to Optimize Energy Consumption
The Cost of Energy
How Well is Energy Managed in Today’s Plants?
Using Your Process Automation Infrastructure
with an Eye Toward Optimizing Energy
Consumption
The Business Value of Integrated Power &
Automation
Enabling Technologies
Training Your People and Managing Knowledge
Moving Forward
Demand-Side Flexibility for Reliable Ancillary Services in a Smart Grid: Elim...Sean Meyn
A survey of our 2015 HICSS article (reference below), which is largely a survey of demand response technology developed at the University of Florida.
Presented at the Workshop on Electricity Markets and Optimization 27th of November 2014. Aalborg University, Denmark
@inproceedings{barbusmey14,
Address = {Kauai, Hawaii},
Author = {Barooah, Prabir and Bu\v{s}i\'{c}, Ana and Meyn, Sean},
Booktitle = {Proc. {48th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS)}},
Note = {(invited)},
Publisher = {University of Hawaii},
Title = {Spectral Decomposition of Demand-Side Flexibility for Reliable Ancillary Services in a Smart Grid},
Year = {2015}}
Anglian Water and Connected Energy worked together on a project to understand how to maximise the potential of renewable energy projects and offer grid services support by integrating E-STOR energy storage systems on sites.
Anglian Water's aim was to make the most of storing energy generated from their renewable sources, like the solar panels they plan to install across the region. Integrating batteries into these projects would ensure more of the renewable power is used onsite.
The installed system also took advantage of any time of day energy costs differences and assessed the potential for the system to supply energy grid services at further Anglian Water sites.
High level explanation of smart grids and battery energy storage systemsMircea Gingu
The document discusses how battery energy storage systems can help improve the performance and reliability of electrical grids. It notes that batteries can provide regulation and spinning reserves to balance generation and load, help maintain power supply during outages, and allow utilities to better manage demand and reduce peak loads. This helps improve grid efficiency, lower costs, and delay investments in new infrastructure.
Kenya’s main electricity producer walks us through their efforts in energy efficiency including their 2010 CFL program and other energy management projects.
Roadmap for distribution loss reduction.. a step by step approachD.Pawan Kumar
The document outlines a 15-step roadmap for distribution companies in South Asia to reduce losses through initiatives like conducting consumer surveys, reviewing meter ratings, introducing smart meters and data systems, digitizing network assets, optimizing networks through actions like phase balancing and DTR sizing, conducting energy audits, and adopting IT systems. The applicable elements may vary between companies based on their current loss levels and needs, and ongoing adoption of the practices is needed for sustainability.
This document discusses the transition from conventional power grids to smart grids. It outlines some limitations of conventional grids, including centralized generation, one-directional power flow, and inability to optimize transmission. Key components of smart grids are identified as distributed generation, renewable integration, communication-enabled transmission and distribution, and smart energy meters. Strategies to reduce transmission and distribution losses in India such as APDRP and RGGVY programs are also summarized. The benefits of HVDC transmission over long HVAC lines are provided.
How To Apply Energy Storage Technologies In Commercial And Industrial Applica...Davide Bonomi
This presentation was presented at the masterclass session during 11th Energy Storage World Forum in 2018, Berlin.
How To Apply Energy Storage Technologies In Commercial And Industrial Applications – by ENEA explains two reasons why facilities should be interested in storage projects:
1. Market & value for C&I energy storage is finally booming in numerous locations
2. Startups and large utilities now compete to provide C&I facilities with turnkey solutions
If you’d like to get a deep industry insights and learn in person from energy storage professionals, join our next masterclass at https://energystorageforum.com/register
The electricity grid was designed over 100 years ago to always match supply and demand, but this leads to inefficiencies. Grid 2.0 aims to have demand follow supply by incentivizing consumers to shift their usage away from peak times, through time-of-use pricing and technologies that enable automated demand response. As renewable sources like wind power increase to 40% of generation, demand flexibility will be crucial to accommodate the intermittent nature of these resources and reduce curtailment.
Professor Isam Shahrour Summer Course « Smart and Sustainable City » Chapter...Isam Shahrour
This lecture presents the Smart Electrical Grid Concept. It includes a presentation of the electrical distribution system, the Electrical Smart Grid and the implementation of this concept in the SunRise demonstrator “Smart and Sustainable City - Lille1 Campus – France”
The Citizenrē REnU program is the first to give you the chance to adopt green energy in your home without having to make a huge investment.
Our REnU program takes care of all the usual headaches and does it with the most attractive terms in the industry.
Electricity_Reliability_031611 Galvin Power ORGRonnie Waterman
The document discusses the importance of reliable electricity and outlines recommendations for improving reliability metrics and standards in the United States. It notes that power outages can have significant costs and consequences, including fatalities, lost productivity, and equipment damage. While some utilities have improved reliability without increasing costs, the U.S. generally lags global competitors in terms of reliability according to metrics like SAIDI and SAIFI. The recommendations suggest establishing consistent reliability metrics, targets, and reporting to identify areas for improvement and benchmark performance.
Smart Grid Infrastructure for Efficient Power Consumption Using Real Time Pri...ijtsrd
Electricity supply do not always satisfy customers demand, which results in peak demand periods. When demand is at its peak, electricity providers have to react to meet the demand and avoid interruptions by boosting the capacity which is costly and not always possible. In addition to fluctuation in demand, price of electricity production changes continuously due to the variation in resources used for production over periods. Yet, the consumers pay the same price for the electricity unit both in on-peak and off-peak periods. A proposed solution would be the use of real time pricing (RTP) of electricity. The end-users will be involved in the electric grid and will have control on the consumption over different periods either by reducing or by shifting it to off-peak periods as a reaction to RTP. The results obtained prove that not only the electric utility, but also, the subscribers will benefit. Comparing the results of RTP algorithm to a scenario where price is fixed, we notice that the aggregate utility of every user is higher using RTP algorithm. Along with RTP algorithm we would like to suggest Distributed algorithm that automatically manages the smart meter and the electricity provider interactions. The results from the simulation shows that the proposed RTP algorithm and distributed algorithm can potentially benefit both customer and the electricity providers. S. Varun Kumar | S. M Jayasurya"Smart Grid Infrastructure for Efficient Power Consumption Using Real Time Pricing Algorithm" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-2 , February 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd9655.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/9655/smart-grid-infrastructure-for-efficient-power-consumption-using-real-time-pricing-algorithm/s-varun-kumar
This document discusses combined heat and power (CHP) and how it can benefit businesses. It begins with an overview of CHP, explaining that it is a form of on-site power generation that provides electricity cost savings while also producing heat for a business. It then provides examples of E.ON implementing CHP solutions for various customers in different industries, including manufacturing, food and beverage, and healthcare. The solutions have resulted in reductions in energy costs and carbon emissions for the customers.
A Smart Grid is an electrical grid that uses information and communications technology to gather and act on information, such as information about the behaviors of suppliers and consumers, in an automated fashion to improve the efficiency, reliability, economics, and sustainability of electricity production and distribution. Just as ICs were used to improve the bandwidth of copper cable, they can also be used to improve the bandwidth of electrical cables. These improvements enable a Smart Grid to more effectively purchase and distribute electricity and provide users with real-time prices including time of day prices.
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ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
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Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
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The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
1. Wired Group
Reaching Clean Power Plan Goals
at No Cost:
Securing the Smart Grid’s Potential
Compliance Online Webcast
Wednesday, September 30, 1pm ET/10 am PT
Unleashing Latent Value in Distribution Utility Businesses
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Preview
The 3 Capabilities w/Significant GHG Reduction Potential
Estimating Smart Grid GHG Reduction Potential
How to Deploy the Smart Grid at no Cost to Customers
Challenges to Maximizing the Smart Grid’s GHG Potential
4 Optional Solutions to Addressing Smart Grid Challenges
Using the Smart Grid in All 3 Types of Clean Power Plans
EM&V of Smart Grid Capabilities’ Conservation Impact
Conclusions
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Wired Group Overview
Consultants on electric distribution grids/utilities/businesses
DSM program development, marketing, evaluation
RPS compliance/PV Solar incentive program design
Optional rate development and marketing; riders
SMEs in rate cases, cost allocation, stranded assets
Smart Technology: distribution, metering, communications
Clients: Regulators, Advocates, Associations, Utilities, Suppliers
Comprehensive & objective performance evaluations of smart grids
SmartGridCity™ for Xcel Energy
Duke Energy Ohio for the Ohio PUC
Copyright 2015 Wired Group. All Rights Reserved
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Smart Grid Capabilities w/Significant Energy
Efficiency (GHG Reduction) Potential
Integrated Volt/VAr Optimization (Conservation
Voltage Reduction, Volt/VAr Optimization, etc.)
Time-varying Rates (TOU, CPP, PTR, etc.)
Prepayment
Copyright 2015 Wired Group. All Rights Reserved
• How does each save energy/reduce GHGs?
• What are the ‘ideal case’ requirements for each?
• How much GHG reduction can each really deliver?
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Integrated Volt/VAr Optimization (Volt)
How It Works
Some types of customer
equipment use less energy at
lower voltages.
IVVO reduces average voltage
Research: each 1% reduction in
voltage delivers a 0.5-0.7%
reduction in energy use (CVRf)
on a typical distribution line¹
Ideal Case Requirements
Use it 24 hours a day, 365 days
a year to maximize benefit
Target installation on high-load
lines to reduce cost
Copyright 2015 Wired Group. All Rights Reserved
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
Voltage Before IVVO
Original Voltage
Adjusted Voltage
2) Voltage adjusted higher at start of line to accommodate
Start of Line End of Line
1) Routine variation causes voltage to drop below 110 at end of line
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130 Voltage After IVVO
Original Voltage
Adjusted Voltage
IVVC Voltage
Start of Line End of Line
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Integrated Volt/VAr Optimization (VAr)
How It Works
Power Factor (VAr) is the
measure of electric voltage able
to do work (power equipment)
As Power Factor improves, line
losses (distribution = 4-6%) fall²
Research indicates that each
1% improvement in Power
Factor reduces line losses 1%²
Ideal Case Requirements
Use it 24 hours a day, 365 days
a year to maximize benefit
Target installation on high-load
lines to reduce cost
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0.94 0.99
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Before After
PowerFactor
Impact of IVVO on Power Factor
Real Power Reactive Power
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Time-Varying Rates (TOU, CPP, PTR)
How It Works
Survey of studies (24) indicate
customers on a TVR reduce
energy use through the year
Energy use reductions of -5%
(increase) to +26% found
Average use reduction = 4%³
Ideal Case Requirements
High Customer Participation
Low Recruiting Costs
Customer Behavior Change
Enabling Technologies
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$0.00
$0.05
$0.10
$0.15
$0.20
$0.25
$0.30
$0.35
$0.40
Off-Peak rate On-Peak rate Critical Peak rate
Typical Summer CPP Rate Schedule
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Prepayment How It Works
Research indicates customers
who pay in advance reduce
energy use
Energy use reductions of 11%
and 12% found (OK; AZ)⁴
Works for natural gas too!
Ideal Case Requirements
Customer Participation
No extra cost to participants
Engage Low-Income
Advocates
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Estimating Smart Grid GHG Potential
Copyright 2015 Wired Group. All Rights Reserved
Capability/Savings Calculation Reduction in Energy Use
IVVO (Volt)
Voltage reduction % X CVRf
5% voltage reduction X 0.6% CVRf
3.00%
IVVO (VAr)
VAr improvement % X line loss %
5% VAr improvement x 5% line loss
0.25%
Time-Varying Rates
Customer participation % X Usage Reduction %
50% participation X 4% Usage Reduction
2.00%
Prepayment
Customer participation % X Usage Reduction %
10% participation X 10% Usage Reduction
1.00%
TOTAL
Caveat: CO2/kWh likely to fall over time
6.25%
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How to Reduce GHG at No Cost: IVVO
NPV of cost to install & maintain IVVO on one circuit over 10
years: $316,000
NPV of energy benefits, ideal case, voltage: $349,000
(5% V reduction; 0.6 CVRf; 20,000 MWh/circuit/yr; $0.06/kWh)
NPV of energy benefits, ideal case, VAr: $29,000
(5% VAr improvement, 5% line loss, same MWh/circuit/yr & $/kWh)
Estimated Benefit to Cost ratio, ideal case: 1.2 to 1*
Copyright 2015 Wired Group. All Rights Reserved
Note: NPV calculated using 3% Discount Rate and 3% Inflation Rate
* Does not include economic, environmental benefits from increased DG accommodation
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How to Reduce GHG at No Cost: TVR & Prepay
NPV of cost to install and maintain smart meters per 1,000
customers, 10% w/prepay displays, 10 years: $301,000
NPV of energy benefits, ideal case, TVR: $140,000
(1,000 customers, 50% participation, 12 MWh/cust/yr, 4% conservation, $0.06/kWh)
NPV of capacity benefits, ideal case, TVR: $121,000
(1,000 customers; 50% participation; 2.5 peak kW/customer; 20% reduction; $50/MW day)
NPV of energy benefits, ideal case, Prepay: $47,000*
(1,0000 customers; 10% participation; 8 MWh/cust/yr; 10% conservation; $0.06/kWh)
Estimated Benefit to Cost ratio, ideal case: 1 to 1
Copyright 2015 Wired Group. All Rights Reserved
Note: NPV calculated using 3% Discount Rate and 3% Inflation Rate
* Does not include reductions in cost of bad debt, working capital, or peak demand
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The Biggest Challenge to Securing Smart Grid
GHG Potential: “The Throughput Incentive”
Ratemaking 101
Utility Distribution Costs = $100 Million per year*
kWh Sales = 2 Billion per year
Distribution Price/kWh = 5.0¢
What happens if kWh sales are only 1.9 Billion?
What happens if kWh sales are 2.1 Billion?
Copyright 2015 Wired Group. All Rights Reserved
* If an Investor-Owned Utility, this figure includes authorized profits on capital
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4 Potential Solutions to Throughput Incentive
Make a one-time distribution rate adjustment to
account for anticipated sales volume reductions
Allow utilities to count smart grid-related use
reductions towards energy efficiency goals and
incentives (goal increases required, of course)
Use “decoupling” to set distribution rates*
Transition to performance-based ratemaking
(UK, New York)
Copyright 2015 Wired Group. All Rights Reserved
* Regulators use decoupled ratemaking for electric IOUs in 16 states and DC;
a handful of non-profit utilities also calculate distribution rates in this manner
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Using the Smart Grid in Clean Power Plans
In Rate-Based (CO2 lbs./kWh) Clean Power Plans
In Mass-Based (CO2 lbs.) Clean Power Plans
In Emissions Allowance Trading Clean Power
Plans
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Using the Smart Grid in Rate-Based CPPs
Adjust carbon intensity by adding MWh of electricity
saved at 0 lbs/MWh to CO2lbs./MWh calculation
Copyright 2015 Wired Group. All Rights Reserved
Actual
Carbon
Intensity,
Year Y
Electricity
Saved @ 0
lbs. CO2
per MWh
Adjusted
Carbon
Intensity,
Year Y
+ =
+ =
1,300 million lbs.
1 million MWh
0 lbs.
50,000* MWh
1,238 lbs.
MWh
* How do we know electricity saved was 50,000 MWh? EM&V!
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Using the Smart Grid in Mass-Based CPPs
1. Starting with actual dispatch
record for year Y, add kWh
savings profile by hour
(8,760 hours in a year)
2. Re-run dispatch software,
identifying how plant
dispatch would have been
different without the energy
efficiency savings
3. The difference in GHG
emissions from generating
plants on the system
between actual dispatch and
hypothetical dispatch
represents reductions due to
energy efficiency/smart grid
efforts.
Copyright 2015 Wired Group. All Rights Reserved
How do we know the size of the
red area? EM&V!
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Using the Smart Grid in Allowance Trading CPPs
Issue Emission Reduction Credits to distribution
utilities based on:
the Rate-Based calculation approach or
the Mass-Based calculation approach
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EM&V: How Much Actual Conservation?
Every state CPP must include EM&V plans
EM&V reports 2022-2030 must measure actual
conservation as specified in the EM&V plan
EM&V should utilize best practices that:
Establish a baseline for comparative purposes
Show results independent of outside factors
(weather, economic conditions, etc.)
Take permanence (or lack thereof) into account
Copyright 2013 Wired Group. All Rights Reserved
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IVVO EM&V: How Much Actual Conservation?
Establish an annual average voltage and VAr
baseline for each distribution line (before IVVO)
Measure actual average voltage and VAr over year
“x” (2022-2030) for each distribution line (after IVVO)
Multiply for each distribution line, then sum up all:
(Change in Voltageₓ) X (MWh distributedₓ) X (CVRf*)
(Change in VArₓ) X (MWh distributedₓ) X (Line Loss %*)
Conduct random audits of utility data, equipment
Copyright 2015 Wired Group. All Rights Reserved
* What the EPA will require for these values is not known; national estimates my suffice
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TVR & Prepay EM&V: How Much Actual
Conservation?
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“Difference in Differences” Approach
Baseline Post Intervention Year X % Change
Non-participants 10.2 GWh 10.9 GWh + 6.8%
Participants 75.0 GWh 78.8 GWh + 5.0%
Conservation
Impact
Change in non
Participants
Over Time
Change in
Participants
Over Time
= --
Conservation
Impact
Participant
GWh
GWh
ConservedX =
1.8% 78.8 GWh 1.42 GWhX =
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Conclusions
In ideal cases, the smart grid can achieve as much as 1/5 of
GHG goals through conservation* at no cost to consumers
IVVO (3.25% conservation if utilized 24 x 365)
Time-based rates (2% conservation at 50% participation)
Prepayment (1% conservation at 10% participation)
Without regulatory and ratemaking changes, ideal case
achievement is highly unlikely as conservation economically
penalizes almost all distribution utilities
Several regulatory and ratemaking solutions are available to
address the throughput incentive/conservation penalties
With rigorous EM&V, smart grid capabilities are appropriate
for use in all types of Clean Power Plans
Copyright 2015 Wired Group. All Rights Reserved
* Does not reflect changes in CO2/kWh intensity over time
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Bibliography
1. Integrated Volt/VAr Optimization (Voltage)
Proess, R.G. and Warnock, V. J. “Impact of Voltage Reduction on Energy and
Demand”. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, volume PAS-97, number 5, pages
1665-71. Sept./Oct., 1978
Kennedy, B.W. and Fletcher, RH. “CVR at Snohomish County PUD”. IEEE
Transactions on Power Systems, volume 6, number 3, pages 986-998. August, 1991.
Wilson, T.L. “Energy Conservation with Voltage Reduction – Fact or Fantasy”. PCS
UtilitData. April 4, 2004.
Leidos. “Distribution Efficiency Initiative Project Final Report”. Northwest Energy
Efficiency Alliance. Page 7. December, 2007
Schneider et al. “Evaluation of Conservation Voltage Reduction on a National Level”.
Pacific Northwest National Labs, pages 30 & 33. July, 2010
Alvarez, et al. “SmarGridCity® Demonstration Project Evaluation and Summary”.
Report to the Colorado Public Utilities Commission in Case 11A-1001E, Exhibit MGL-1,
Pages 61, 62. December 14, 2011.
Wakefield, M and Horst, G. “Smart Grid Demonstration Initiative 5-year Update”.
Electric Power Research Institute. Page 5. Undated.
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Bibliography (Continued)
2. Integrated Volt/VAr Optimization (VAr)
The US Energy Information Administration estimates T&D line losses in
the US average 6% annually
The International Energy Agency estimates T&D line losses in the US
average 6% annually
The Industrial Power Factor Analysis Guidebook (Bonneville Power
Administration, 1995) concludes that distributing capacitors throughout
and industrial facility can reduce facility electric demand from 0.5% to
1.5%
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Bibliography (Continued)
3. Time-Varying Rates
King, C. and Delurey, D. Efficiency and Demand Response: Twins,
Siblings, or Cousins? Public Utilities Fortnightly. March, 2005. Pages 54-61
Faruqui, A and Palmer, J. The Discovery of Price Responsiveness -- A
survey of Experiments Involving Dynamic Pricing of Electricity. March 14,
2012. Available from the Social Science Research Network at
www.papers.ssrn.com.
4. Prepayment
Ozog, M, “The Effect of Prepayment on Energy Use.” Integral Analytics, Inc.
research commissioned by the DEFG Prepayment Working Group. March,
2013.
“Salt River Project: Delivering Leadership on Smarter Technology and Rates”.
Institute for Energy and the Environment, Vermont Law School. June, 2012.
Page 18.
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