3. Introduction
Inorganic nanomaterials have been widely used in various fields due to their
excellent mechanical properties, optical properties, magnetic properties,
electrical properties, catalytic properties, thermal properties and sensitivity
properties. According to different sources of nanomaterials, inorganic
nanomaterials can be divided into two categories: one is non-metallic materials
and the other is metal materials.
5. Mesoporous silica nano-particles
Mesoporous silica nano-particles (MSNs) are silica nanoparticles having a
particle diameter of 10-600 nm and a pore diameter of 2-50 nm. Mesoporous
silica is a new type of inorganic nanomaterial with unique network pore
structure, continuously adjustable pore size, large specific surface area and
specific pore volume, low toxicity, and good biocompatibility and stability.
6. Carbon nanomaterial
Carbon nanomaterials have unique structures and properties, such as large
specific surface area, photothermal effect and unique fluorescence properties,
so they have unique application value in drug controlled release, fluorescent
tracing, photothermal therapy and so on.
8. Magnetic nano-iron oxide materials
When the size of the material is as small as nanometers, its magnetic properties
change. Magnetic nano-iron oxide materials have good chemical stability,
biocompatibility and high magnetic responsiveness, so they have shown broad
application prospects in drug-targeted transportation, tumor treatment,
magnetic fluids and chemical sensing.
9. Silver nanoparticles
Silver nanocomposite particles contain 20-15000 silver atoms and they typically
have a smaller diameter of no more than 100 nm. Silver nanocomposites are
also antiviral, so silver nanocomposites are widely used in many fields such as
medical devices and wound treatment.
10. Gold Nanoparticles
Nano gold refers to the alloy sol with a diameter of 0.8-250 mm, which belongs
to the earliest studied species of nano-metal materials. Gold nanoparticles has
good nano-surface effects, quantum effects, and macroscopic quantum
tunneling effects. It also has many good chemical properties such as antioxidant
activity and biocompatibility.
11. Nano-hydroxyaptite
Nano-hydroxyaptite (nHAP) is a ceramic porous inorganic material with good
solubility. It has large surface energy, good biological activity and
biocompatibility, so it can be used as a biological material for bone
transplantation and can improve the mechanical function of bones.
12. Layered double hydroxide
The layered double hydroxide is composed of a divalent metal ion and a
trivalent metal ion, and its layered structure has a memory effect, and the
anions between the layers are exchangeable. It has special acidity and alkalinity,
fluorescence properties and thermal stability. It is low in toxicity, and can meet
the biocompatibility requirements of tissues, blood and immunity, and it is also
biodegradable. The acidic environment within the cell allows the layered double
metal hydroxide to dissolve into ions, which are discharged outside the cell
through ion channels on the cell membrane. Using layered double hydroxide as
a drug carrier can improve the efficiency of drug delivery and enhance the
solubility of drugs.
13.
14. CONCLUSION
Nanomaterials (NMs) are gaining significance in technological
applications due to their tunable chemical, physical, and mechanical
properties and enhanced performance when compared with their
bulkier counterparts. Due to their unique properties, NMs have
several applications and have become part of our daily lives.