This document provides an overview of nanomaterials classification. It discusses how nanomaterials can be classified based on origin, size and dimension, and chemical composition. Specifically, it describes:
- Zero-dimensional nanomaterials which have all dimensions at the nanoscale, such as nanospheres.
- One-dimensional nanomaterials which are confined to the nanoscale in two dimensions, forming structures like nanofibers.
- Two-dimensional nanomaterials which are confined to the nanoscale in one dimension, exhibiting plate-like shapes.
- Three-dimensional nanomaterials which are not confined to the nanoscale in any dimension.
It also discusses organic nanoparticles like dendrimers and liposomes, inorganic
This PPT is about Nano-Biotechnology and its applications.
This presentation Secured 2nd Prize in State level competition on the Topic of EMERGING TECHNOLOGY IN COMPUTER SCIENCE conducted at S.V.D. Government Degree College for Women, Nidadavolu.
This Small PowerPoint Presentation is given by P.Nikhil, D.Dhanunjaya Rao from Government College, Rajahmundry.
Hope it is useful for future Generation.
Thank You.
Acomprehensively brief description of Nanotechnology/Nanobiotechnology, Nanoparticles and the applications of Nanotechnology/Nanobiotechnology using Nanoparticles.
This PPT is about Nano-Biotechnology and its applications.
This presentation Secured 2nd Prize in State level competition on the Topic of EMERGING TECHNOLOGY IN COMPUTER SCIENCE conducted at S.V.D. Government Degree College for Women, Nidadavolu.
This Small PowerPoint Presentation is given by P.Nikhil, D.Dhanunjaya Rao from Government College, Rajahmundry.
Hope it is useful for future Generation.
Thank You.
Acomprehensively brief description of Nanotechnology/Nanobiotechnology, Nanoparticles and the applications of Nanotechnology/Nanobiotechnology using Nanoparticles.
Nanomaterials in biomedical applicationsumeet sharma
An introduction to emerging technology in medicinal science, "nanodrugs" a fruitful combination of nano-science and medical science. In this presentation, use of nano shells for delivery of drugs to targeted cancer cells has been explained. along with In Vivo and In Vitro studies on use of nanomaterials for biomedical application. For any information please feel free to contact me or refer to the references.
Protein based nanostructures for biomedical applications karoline Enoch
Proteins are kind of natural molecules that show unique
functionalities and properties in biological materials and
manufacturing feld. Tere are numerous nanomaterials
which are derived from protein, albumin, and gelatin. Tese
nanoparticles have promising properties like biodegradability, nonantigenicity, metabolizable, surface modifer, greater
stability during in vivo during storage, and being relatively
easy to prepare and monitor the size of the particles.
These particles have the ability to attach covalently with
drug and ligand
Presenting a topic based on introduction to nanoscience and nanotechnology.
what is nano?
certain nomenclature like nanotechnology, nanoscience, nanomaterial, nanoscale, nanometer and so on.
surface to volume ratio and quantum effect related concepts.
future applications.
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Please like, share, comment and follow.
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Thanking-You
Preeti Choudhary
this is the ppt on nano technology.
made by harshid panchal and dhrumil patel.
this take lots of time..thanx for dhrumil for time.
i think this is helpful to all.
education
The Next Very BIG (small) Thing
Contents:
Introduction to Nanotechnology
Applications In Today's Life
Advantages & Disadvantages
Future Of Nanotechnoogy
Nanomaterials in biomedical applicationsumeet sharma
An introduction to emerging technology in medicinal science, "nanodrugs" a fruitful combination of nano-science and medical science. In this presentation, use of nano shells for delivery of drugs to targeted cancer cells has been explained. along with In Vivo and In Vitro studies on use of nanomaterials for biomedical application. For any information please feel free to contact me or refer to the references.
Protein based nanostructures for biomedical applications karoline Enoch
Proteins are kind of natural molecules that show unique
functionalities and properties in biological materials and
manufacturing feld. Tere are numerous nanomaterials
which are derived from protein, albumin, and gelatin. Tese
nanoparticles have promising properties like biodegradability, nonantigenicity, metabolizable, surface modifer, greater
stability during in vivo during storage, and being relatively
easy to prepare and monitor the size of the particles.
These particles have the ability to attach covalently with
drug and ligand
Presenting a topic based on introduction to nanoscience and nanotechnology.
what is nano?
certain nomenclature like nanotechnology, nanoscience, nanomaterial, nanoscale, nanometer and so on.
surface to volume ratio and quantum effect related concepts.
future applications.
https://www.linkedin.com/in/preeti-choudhary-266414182/
https://www.instagram.com/chaudharypreeti1997/
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100013419194533
https://twitter.com/preetic27018281
Please like, share, comment and follow.
stay connected
If any query then contact:
chaudharypreeti1997@gmail.com
Thanking-You
Preeti Choudhary
this is the ppt on nano technology.
made by harshid panchal and dhrumil patel.
this take lots of time..thanx for dhrumil for time.
i think this is helpful to all.
education
The Next Very BIG (small) Thing
Contents:
Introduction to Nanotechnology
Applications In Today's Life
Advantages & Disadvantages
Future Of Nanotechnoogy
Introduction
History
Types of Nanomaterials
Properties of Nanomaterials
Synthesis and processing of Nanomaterials
Advance nanomaterials
Fullerenes
Carbon nanotubes
Nanowires
Polymer nanostructures
Quantum dots
the presentation gives brief description about magnetic nanoparticles, types of magnetic nanoparticles, magnetic nanocomposite and application of magnetic nanoparticles.
EMFUTUR is a leader nanoMaterials provider, giving support for Researchers or Manufacturers who are working in the field of Life Science, Biology, Medicine, Environment (Filtration), Energy, Aerospace, Catalysis, Solid State Nanoelectronics & Sensors (Mems, Nanosensors, Nanowires, Nanolithography, Nanocircuitry) and related approches (Nanophotonics, Nanomecanics and Nanoionics) and other Fields.
Nanoscience introduction, nanostructures, significance of nanostructures. classification of nanostructures based on origin, dimension, and structure. Natural nanostructures. Biomimetic materials inspired by natural nanomaterials. 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D materials, their properties, and applications. discrete energy levels of these structures. Density of states. The density of states in metals and semiconducting nanomaterials, Color changes in nanostructure due to decreased size. Variation in the number of electrons and density of states with energy
Introduction to Nano Science and Technology. Nanostructures, Significance of Nanostructures:
Natural nanostructures. Biomimetic materials, synthesized from natural nanomaterial. Classification of nanostructures based on origin, dimension, and structure. 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D nanomaterials, their properties, and applications. Discrete energy levelsDensity of States.
Enginneered nanoparticles and microbial activity- Dinesh et al (2012)Raghavan Dinesh
This presentation is based on our review paper ‘Engineered nanoparticles in the soil and their potential implications to microbial activity’, Geoderma, 2012, 173-174, 19-27 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.12.018)
Nanoparticles are solid colloidal particles ranging in size from 10 to 1000 nm.
Nanoparticles are made of a macromolecular material which can be of synthetic or natural origin.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
5. NANOMATERIAL
• Nanomaterials – The materials possessing, at
minimum, one external dimension measuring
1-100 nm (1nm = 10-9 meter).
• Material properties change as their size
approaches the atomic scale.
• This is due to the surface area to volume ratio
increasing, resulting in the material’s surface
atoms dominating the material performance.
6. • This feature enables nanoparticles to possess
unexpected optical, physical and chemical
properties as they are small enough to confine
their electrons and produce quantum effects.
• Nanoparticles can be classified based on the
following criteria – Origin, Size and chemical
composition.
7.
8.
9. • Based on Origin –
Natural, Anthropogenic
• Based on Size and
dimension – 0D, 1D, 2D
and 3D.
• Based on Chemical
composition
Organic nanoparticles
Inorganic nanoparticles
Carbon-based
nanoparticles
10. BASED ON SIZE AND DIMENSION
• According to Siegel, nanostructured materials
are classified as: zero-dimensional (0D), one-
dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D) and
three-dimensional (3D) nanomaterials.
• (i) Zero-dimensional nanomaterials: All
dimensions (x, y, z) are at nanoscale, i.e., no
dimensions are greater than 100 nm. It
includes nanospheres and nanoclusters.
11. • (ii) One-dimensional nanomaterials: Two
dimensions (x, y) are at nanoscale and the
other is outside the nanoscale. This leads to
needle shaped nanomaterials. It includes
nanofibres, nanotubes, nanorods, and
nanowires.
• (iii) Two-dimensional nanomaterials: One
dimension (x) is at nanoscale and the other
two are outside the nanoscale. The 2D
nanomaterials exhibit plate-like shapes. It
includes nanofilms, nanolayers and
nanocoatings with nanometre thickness.
12. • (iv) Three-dimensional nanomaterials: These are the
nanomaterials that are not confined to the nanoscale
in any dimension.
• These materials have three arbitrary dimensions above
100 nm.
• The bulk (3D) nanomaterials are composed of a
multiple arrangement of nanosize crystals in different
orientations.
• It includes dispersions of nanoparticles, bundles of
nanowires and nanotubes as well as multi-nanolayers
(polycrystals) in which the 0D, 1D and 2D structural
elements are in close contact with each other and form
interfaces.
13. BASED ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
• Based on the nature i.e., chemical
composition, the nanomaterials are
classified as –
• Organic Np’s (Dendrimers, Miscelles,
Liposomes, Ferritin polymers)
• Inorganic Np’s (Metal and Metal oxides)
• Carbon-based Np’s (Fullerene, Graphene,
Nanotubes, nanofibres)
14. ORGANIC NANOPARTICLES
• Small particles made of aggregated molecules
or polymers.
• Biocompatible, Biodegradable, non-toxic.
• Widely used in the biomedical field for drug
delivery for eg., Targeted drug delivery.
• Low stability, reproducibility and drug
entrapment issues.
• Eg: Dendrimers, Miscelles, Liposomes, Ferritin
polymers
15. DENDRIMERS
• Dendrimers - repetitively branched molecules.
• Greek word ‘dendron’ meaning ‘tree’.
• These nanomaterials are nanosized polymers
built from branched units.
• The surface of a dendrimer has numerous chain
ends, which can perform specific chemical
functions.
• Dendrimers are used in molecular recognition,
nanosensing, light harvesting, and opto-
electrochemical devices.
• They may be useful for drug delivery.
16.
17. LIPOSOMES
• Unique class of organic nanoparticles – Successful
nanoparticle platform for biomedical application.
• Consists of biodegradable phospholipids which
self-assemble into a lipid bilayer around an
aqueous core upon hydration.
• The versatility of liposome can incorporate both
hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules, like
antigenic proteins and peptides, within the lipid
bilayer and aqueous core, respectively.
• Advantage of liposomal nanoparticle – tunability
of the lipid bilayer, which can further be
functionalized with targeting ligands or antigens,
allowing for vaccine applications in biomedical
imaging and drug delivery.
18. FERRITIN
• Self-assembly nanoparticle-based vaccine
platform for infectious diseases is ferritin –
produced in majority of living organisms.
• Composed of 24 alpha helix subunits of 3-
folds axis symmetry and self-assembles into
nanoparticles with improved thermal and
chemical stability.
19.
20. INORGANIC NANOPARTICLE
• Metal and Metal oxides based nanoparticles
are generally called as inorganic nanoparticle.
• Have a smaller particle size, improved stability,
controlled tunability, enhanced permeability,
high drug loadings and a triggered release
profile which is ideal for antigen delivery as a
vaccine.
21. METAL BASED NANOPARTICLE
• Nanoparticles synthesized from metals.
• All the metals can be synthesized into
nanoparticles.
• Commonly used metals for nanoparticle
synthesis – Aluminium (Al), Cadmium (Cd),
Cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), Gold (Au), Iron (Fe),
Silver (Ag) and Zinc (Zn).
22. GOLD NANOPARTICLE
• Gold nanoparticles (Au NP’s) used in variety of
applications including computing devices,
catalysis, sensing probes and drug delivery.
• Due to its low toxicity and its chemical
diversity for accommodating different
compositions, sizes, shapes and surface
functionalization, Au Np’s are ideal for vaccine
application.
23. METAL OXIDE NANOPARTICLE
• Synthesized to modify the properties of their
respective metal based nanoparticle.
• Nanoparticles of iron (Fe) instantly oxidizes to
iron oxide (Fe2O3) in the presence of O2 at room
temperature – increases its reactivity compared
to Fe Np’s.
• Have increased reactivity and efficiency.
• Commonly synthesized Metal oxide Np’s are
Aluminium oxide, Cerium oxide, Iron oxide,
Magnetite, Silicon dioxide, Titanium oxide etc.
24. IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLE
• Commonly associated with Magentic
resonance imaging (MRI) – to image a wide
variety of diseases
• Recently, Iron oxide Np’s are used as adjuvants
for vaccine.
25. CARBON-BASED NANOPARTICLE
• Nanoparticles that are completely made of
carbon.
• Takes the form of hollow spheres, ellipsoids or
tubes. The spherical and ellipsoidal forms are
referred as fullerenes, while cylindrical forms are
called nanotubes.
• Fullerene
• Graphene
• Carbon nanotubes
• Carbon nanofibres
• Carbon nanowires
• Carbon nanocones
26. GRAPHENE
• First isolated by A.K. Geim and K.S. Novoselov at
the University of Manchester in 2004.
• Nobel Prize in 2010.
• Crystalline allotrope of carbon with two-
dimensional, atomic scale, hexagonal pattern.
• Here each carbon atom forms four bonds, three s
bonds (sp2 hybridized) with its three neighbours
and one p bond oriented out of plane.
• It is the basic structural element of other
allotropes like graphite, fullerene, nanotubes,
nanocones, etc. hence called mother of all carbon
nanomaterials
27.
28. PROPERTIES
• It is nearly transparent.
• It is 200 times stronger than steel by weight
due to its tightly packed carbon atoms.
• It conducts heat and electricity with great
efficiency due to presence of p electrons.
• Nowadays, it is commonly used in
semiconductors, batteries, electronics,
composite industries, and many more.
29. FULLERENE
• First fullerene was discovered by Harold Kroto,
Richard Smalley and Robert Curl in 1985 by using
a laser to vaporise graphite rods in an
atmosphere of helium gas.
• Graphene sheets rolled into tubes or spheres. It
is a cage like molecule composed of 60 carbon
atoms (C60) joined together by single and double
bonds to form a hollow sphere with 20 hexagonal
and 12 pentagonal faces (a design that resembles
a football).
• It was named as buckminsterfullerene or
buckyball after the name of American architect
Buckminster Fuller, the inventor of the geodesic
dome.
30.
31. APPLICATIONS
• The recent research has suggested that fullerence has
many uses, including medical applications,
superconductors, fiber-optics, etc. Some of the
important applications are listed as follows:
• Fullerenes (C60) and their derivatives have potential
antiviral activity, and may be used for the treatment of
HIV-infection.
• They have potential medicinal applications as they can
bind specific antibiotics and target certain types of
cancer cells such as melanoma.
• They are used as biological antioxidants.
• They are also used as potential photosensitizers in
photodynamic therapy and catalysts for hydrogenation.
• Fullerenes incorporated with sulphides of tungsten and
molybdenum exhibit excellent solid-lubricant
properties.
32. NANOTUBES
• Elongated form of fullerenes (or) cylinders of one
or more layers of graphene (lattice).
• First identified in 1991 by Iijima Sumio of Japan.
• A tube-shaped material, made up of carbon,
having a diameter ranging from < 1 nm to 50 nm.
• Carbon nanotubes show a unique combination of
stiffness, strength, and tenacity compared to
other fibre materials.
• Thermal and electrical conductivity are also very
high as comparable to other conductive
materials.
33. • Carbon nanotubes may be
categorized as follows:
• Single-wall nanotubes
(SWNT): These may be
zigzag, armchair and chiral
depending on the manner in
which the grapheme sheets
are rolled.
• Multi-wall nanotubes
(MWNT): It consists of
several single walled
nanotubes with different
diameters.
34. APPLICATIONS
• Carbon nanotube technology can be used for a wide
range of new and existing applications, which are as
follows:
• Nanotubes can potentially replace indium tin oxide in
solar cells to generate photocurrent.
• SWNTs are used in transistors and solar panels.
• MWNTs are used in lithium ion batteries to enhance
cycle life.
• Parallel CNTs have been used to create loudspeakers.
• CNTs can serve as a multifunctional coating material.
• CNTs can be used to produce nanowires.
• CNTs are also used for applications in energy storage,
automotive parts, boat hulls, water filters, thin-film
electronics coatings, ultra-capacitors, biosensors for
harmful gases, extra strong fibers, etc.
35. NANOWIRES
• The structures have the diameters of the
order of a nanometre and an unconstrained
length.
• Also called quantum wires because at this
scale they have different quantum mechanical
effects.
• There are different types of nanowires. For
example: carbon nanowires, molecular
nanowires, metallic nanowires, etc.
36. APPLICATIONS
• They are useful in digital computing.
• These are used for the preparation of active
electronic components like p-n junction, logic
gates, etc.
• They have potential applications in high-
density data storage.
• Silver chloride nanowires are used as
photocatalysts to decompose organic
molecules in polluted water.
37. REFERNCES
• Engineering Chemistry with Laboratory
Experiments, R. K. Mohapatra, PHI, Delhi, 2015.
• Chemical Modification of Solid Surfaces by the
Use of Additive, Chapter-2, R. K. Mohapatra and
D. Das (edt.), Bentham Science, Singapore, 2020.
• Nanotechnology – Principles and practices by
Sulabha K. Kulkarni (3rd edition)