This document discusses the classification of different types of plants. It describes algae as aquatic plants that can be unicellular or multicellular and include examples like Spirogyra and Ulva. Bryophytes are described as the "amphibians of the plant kingdom" that need water for reproduction and include mosses and Marchantia. Ferns are presented as having well-developed roots, stems, and leaves and reproducing via spores on their leaves. Gymnosperms are described as mostly woody and evergreen with male and female flowers on separate sporophylls and no natural seed covering. Angiosperms are defined as having flowers that develop into fruits containing seeds.

2.  It is the arrangement of organism or
group of organism into distinct
categories
 It is based on similarities and
dissimilarities among the organism.

5.  These plants grow mainly in water.
 Do not have specific parts like root-stem-leaves-
flowers .
 They are autotrophic due to presence of chlorophyll, is
called algae.
 They may be unicellular or multicellular.
 Example:- Spirogyra, Ulva, Sargassum, chara

6. Spirogyra

7. Chara
Ulva

8.  This group of plants is called the amphibians of the
plant kingdom.
 Grows in moist soil.
 Need water for reproduction.
 They are multicellular and autotrophic.
 Structure is flat, ribbon-like long, without true roots,
stem and leaves.
 Examples – Moss, Marchantia, Riccia

9. Funaria

10. Moss Marchantia

11.  They have well developed root, stem and leaves.
 Tissues for conduction of food and water.
 They do not bear flowers and fruits.
 They reproduce with the help of spores formed
along the back or posterior surface of their
leaves.
 Example – Ferns, Nephrolepis, Pteris

12. Nephrolepsis Ferns
Pteris

13.  They are mostly evergreen, perennial and woody.
 Stem without branches.
 The leaves form a crown.
 Have male and female flowers on different
sporophylls of the same plant.
 Seeds do not have natural coverings.
 They do not form fruits.
 Example – Cycas, Pinus, Thuja.

14. PinusCycas

15.  Flowers develop into fruits and seeds are
formed within fruits.
 Seeds are covered.
 Two types of seed are present
dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous.
 Example – Mustard and Maize

16. Hibiscus

18. Angiosperm flower
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