This document discusses various classifications of malocclusion. It begins by defining occlusion and malocclusion. The key classifications discussed are: Angle's classification which categorizes malocclusion into Classes I, II, and III based on the molar relationship. Lischer's modification expanded on Angle's work. Simons' classification assessed deviations from three anatomical planes. Ackerman-Profitt classification performed a more thorough analysis considering the profile, lips, dental arch, transverse, vertical, and sagittal relationships. Ballard's classification focused specifically on the incisor relationship. In summary, the document outlines the evolution of malocclusion classifications from early systems to more comprehensive modern analyses.

1. CLASSIFICATION OF
MALOCCLUSION

2. OCCLUSION
oc clusion
CLOSINGUP
CLOSING UP

3. MALOCCLUSION
MAL OCCLUSION
BITEBAD
BAD BITE

5.  DEFINITION
 The relation of the Maxillary and Mandibular
teeth when the jaws are
- Closed in centric relation
- Without strain of
musculature or
displacement of
condyles in their
fossae

6. IDEAL & NORMAL OCCLUSION
“IDEAL” is a hypothetical
concept or a standardized goal
“Normal” implies to the
variations around an average
mean value
The Perfect Occlusion

7. IDEAL OCCLUSION:
It is a theoretical concept based on the ideal teeth position and
arches relationships. It is rarely, , if ever, found in nature.
However, it provides a standard by which all other occlusions
may be judged.

8. • A coincident mid-line
• No (crowding/spacing/rotations)
• Over-jet = 2-3mm
• Correct crown angulation and
inclination
• Class I molar & canine
relationship
• A flat or slightly upwards curve of
Spee
- Is one which shows:
some deviation from that of the
ideal but is aesthetically
acceptable and functionally
stable for the individual
- the upper and lower teeth fit
nicely and evenly together with
the least amount of destructive
interferences

9. Andrews 6 KEYS of Normal Occlusion (1972)
Correct crown inclination
No spaces Flat to slight curve of spee
No rotation
Correct crown angulationClass I molar relationship

10. Definition:
Malocclusion may be defined as
―A condition where there is
departure from the normal relation
of the teeth to
- other teeth in the same dental arch
and/or to
- teeth in the opposing arch
The term was coined by Edward H Angle, the "father of
modern orthodontics.”
MALOCCLUSION

11. MALOCCLUSION:
An occlusion In which there is a malrelationship between the
arches in any of the planes of the spaces or in which there are
anomalies in tooth position beyond the limit of normal.
(Walther & Huston)

16. Why we need a Classification
for malocclusion ???

18. INTER ARCH
SKELETA
L
INTRA ARCH

19. INTRA ARCH
Includes variation in individual tooth position & a group of teeth within in a
arch
Abnormal inclination
Abnormal Displacements
Spacing and crowding within the same arch

20. Distal inclination Mesial inclination
Buccal inclination Lingual inclination
ABNORMAL INCLINATION

21. Labioversion
Lingoversion
ABNORMAL DISPLACEMENTS

22. Palatoversion
Buccoversion

23. Supraversion
Infraversion

24. Torsiversion

25. Types
Abnormal relationship between two teeth or group of
teeth of one arch to the other
Sagittal plane malocclusions
Vertical plane malocclusions
Transverse plane
malocclusions

26. SAGITTAL DIRECTION
Either :
- Abnormal overjet
- Anterior cross-bite
Anteriorly
Class II malocclusion
Class III malocclusion
Posteriorly
OR

27. 
Normal overbite
Deep overbite Open bite

28. Transverse plane malocclusions
Either :
DEVIATIONS OF THE MIDLINE
Anteriorly
POSTERIOR CROSS BITE: Posteriorly
OR

29. Malrelation of the apical bases:
Malrelation of the upper and
lower apical bases is due to:
a. Abnormal size;
b. Abnormal shape;
c. Abnormal relation to skull
d. Abnormal relation to each
other.

31. VARIOUS SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION
 ANGLE CLASSIFICATION
 LISCHER’S MODIFICATION OF ANGLES
CLASSIFICATION
 SIMONS SYSTEM
ACKERMANN AND PROFITT CLASSIFICATION
 BALLARDS CLASSIFICATION

32. ANGLE CLASSIFICATION
It was introduced by Edward H. Angle (1889)
• Based on the mesiodistal relationship of teeth, dental arches
and jaws
• Maxillary first molar is taken as the key of occlusion
• Three classes

34. Class I
Class II
Class II div 1
Class II div 2
Class II Subdivision
Class III
True Class III
Pseudo Class III
THREE CLASSES
Class III Subdivision

35. NORMAL LINE OF OCCLUSION

36. Neutroclusion
 Molar relationship
 Canine relationship
Line of occlusion: ALTERED in the max. & mand. Arches:
• individual tooth irregularities (crowding/spacing/….)
• Inter-arch problems (deep bite/open bite/ increased overjet/…)

37. Angle Class ІІ malocclusion
Canine relationship:
- the distal incline of upper canine anterior to
the mesial incline of lower first premolar
Distoclusion
Molar relationship:
There are two divisions of class ІІ designated, division 1 and
division 2

38. Angle Class ІІ malocclusion division 1

39. Angle Class ІІ malocclusion division 2

40. Angle Class ІІ malocclusion division II
Mandible is retruded and one or more
maxillary incisors are retruded
Class ІІ Division 2 :
 Class II molar relation
 Lingually tipped upper central
incisors
 Labially tipped lateral incisors
 Normal muscle activity

41. class I molar
class ІІ molar
Class ІІ malocclusion
subdivision

42. Angle Class III malocclusion
True class III
 Genetic in origin
 Excessively large mandible
 Smaller than normal maxilla
 Retropositioned maxilla
Class ІІІ malocclusion: 2 types
- True class ІІІ malocclusion (Skeletal)
- Pseudo class ІІІ (FALSE or postural)
Pseudo class ІІІ
 Forward movement of mandible during jaw closure
Occlusal prematurities
Premature loss of deciduous posteriors
Enlarged adenoids

43. Advantages of ANGLE classification
• First comprehensive classification- most widely accepted
• Simple
• Easy to use
• Most POPULAR
• Easy to Communicate

44. DEMERTIS OF ANGLE CLASSIFICATION
 Considers malocculsion only in antroposterior plane not in
transeverse/vertical
 Considered 1st molar as fixed point – skull
 Deciduous dentition
 1st molar extracted
 Doesn't distinguish between skeletal and dental
malocclusion
 Doesn’t highlight etiology
 Individual tooth positions

45. Lischer’s modification (1933)

46. Neutroclusion : Angles class I malocclusion
Distoclusion : Angles class II malocclsion
Mesioclusion : Angles class III malocclsion
Buccocclusion : Buccal placement of a tooth or a group of
teeth
Linguocclusion : lingual placement of a tooth or a group of a
tooth or a group of teeth
Supraocclusion : when a tooth or group of teeth have erupted
beyound normal level
Infraocclsion : when a tooth or group of teeth have not
erupted to normal level
Mesioversion : mesial to the normal position
Distoversion : distal to the normal position
Transversion : transposition of two teeth
Axiversion : Abnormal axial inclination of a tooth
Torsiversion : Rotation of a tooth around its long axis

47. SIMONS CLASSIFICATION (1926)

48.  It is craniometric classification
 Based on abnormal deviations of dental
arches from their normal position in relation
to these 3 planes
VERTICAL PLANE
ANTERO-POSRTERIOR
TRANSVERSE PLANE
‘ GNATHODYNAMOMETER ’

49. FH PLANE
This plane help to detect devotions in the
VERTICAL DIRECTION

50. ORBITAL PLANE
 Perpendicular to the FHP
 Simon’s law of canine- “this
plane should pass through
the distal third of the canine”
This plane used to describe malocclusion in ANTERIO-POSTERIOR
direction
Protraction
Retraction

51. THIS plane passes at right angle to FHP
MID SAGITTAL PLANE
It classifies malocclusion according to TRANSVERSE DEVIATION
from MSP
CONTRACTION
DISTRACTION

52. ACKERMAN-PROFIT SYSTEM ( 1960 )

54.  PROFILE :
concave, straight,
convex
 LIPS : protrusive,
normal, retrusive
 INCISOR DISPLAY
: Excessive, normal,
Inadequate

55. Involves assessment of alignment and
symmetry of dental arch
Classified as IDEAL / CROWDED /
SPACED

56.  The transverse skeletal
and dental relationship is
evaluated
 Buccal and palatal
crossbites are noted
 CROSS BITE : unilateral /
bilateral
 Skeletal or Dental cross
bite ?

57.  Involves assessment
of sagittal
relationship
 Angle’s Class- I / II /
III
 Differention between
skeletal and dental
malocclusion

58.  Malocclusions in vertical
plane are noted
 Anterior or posterior
open bite
 Anterior deep bite
 Posterior collapsed bite
 Skeletal / Dental ??

59. Two things particularly help this more
thorough analysis:
Esthetic line of occlusion.
Rotational axes.

60.  In modern analysis,
another curved line
characterizing the
appearance of the
dentition is important
 Esthetic line of
occlusion, follows
the facial edges of
the maxillary anterior
and posterior teeth.

61.  In addition to relationship in the transverse, antero-
posterior and vertical planes of space used in
traditional 3-D analysis, rotations around axes
perpendicular to three planes also must be
evaluated
 It’s a useful way to evaluate the relationship of the
teeth to the soft tissues that frame their display
 Pitch
 Roll
 Yaw

63. ROLL
 Roll describes the vertical position of the teeth
when this is different on the right & left sides.
 It’s seen with lips relaxed and more clearly on
smile, in both frontal and oblique views.

64.  The vertical relationship of the teeth to the lips &
cheeks can be conventionally described as up-down
deviations around the antero-posterior axes.

65.  The vertical relationship of the teeth to the lips &
cheeks can be conventionally described as up-down
deviations around the antero-posterior axes.

66.  Rotation of the jaw or dentition to one side or
the other, around a vertical axes, produces a
skeletal or dental midline discrepancy.
 Viewed as left-right deviations around the
vertical axis.

71. MERITS
• Explained complexities of
malocclusion
• All 3-Dimensional
problems included
• Patient profile included
• Differention between
skeletal and dental
problems
• Arch length problems are
evaluated
• Helps in complete
diagnosis and treatment
planning
DEMERITS
• Etiological considerations
are not given
• Based on static occlusion
only

72. BALLARDS
CLASSIFICATION

73. A classification of
malocclusion based on incisor
As treatment is often primarily
aimed at correcting this
relationship
Three CLASSES
Class I incisor
Class II incisor
Class III incisor

74. Class II incisor
Div 1

75. Class III incisor