This document provides an overview of Angle's classification system for malocclusion. It describes Angle's original classification system from 1899 which categorized malocclusions based on the mesial-distal relationship of the first molars. It defined Class 1, 2, and 3 malocclusions. It also describes modifications to Angle's system including subdivisions and limitations such as not considering vertical or transverse discrepancies. The document outlines characteristics of different malocclusion types within Angle's classification including Class 2 divisions 1 and 2, pseudo and true Class 3 malocclusions, and drawbacks of Angle's original system.

1. CLASSIFICATION OF
MALOCCLUSION

2. CONTENTS
 What Is Malocclusion?
 Uses Of Classification
 Types And Terminolodies Of Classification
 Angle’s Classification
 Drawbacks
 Modification

3. What Is Occlusion?
The Relationship Of The Maxillary And Mandibular
Teeth When The Jaws Are Closed In Centric Relation
Without Strain Of Musculare Or Displacement Of Condyles
In Their Fossae.

4. What Is Malocclusion?
A Condition In Which There Is A Deflection From
The Normal Relation Of The Teeth To Other Teeth In The
Same Arch Or To Teeth In The Opposing Arch.

5. Uses Of Classification
 It Helps In Daignosis And Planning Treatment For
Patient.
 It Helps In Visualizing And Understanding The
Problem Associated With That Malocclusion.
 It Helps In Communicating The Problem.
 Comparison Of The Various Malocclusion Is Made Easy
By Classification.
 Used For Epidemiological Studies.

6. Intra-arch Problems
 Saggital Problems
• Labioversion
• Linguoversion
• Mesioversion
• Distoversion
 Vertical Problems
• Supraversion
• Infraversion
 Rotation
 Transposition

7. Inter-arch Problems
 Saggital
• Class 2 Malocclusion.
• Class 3 Malocclusion
 Transverse
• Crossbites
• Midline Shift
 Vertical
• Deep Bite
• Open Bite

8. Angle’s System Of Classification
• Given By Edward H. Angle in 1899
Was Considered The Father Of
Modern Orthodontics.
• Based On The Mesio-distal
Relation Of The Teeth, Dental
Arches And The Jaws.
• According To Angle, The Maxillary
First Permanent Molar Is The Key
To Occlusion.

10. Classification
 Class 1 Malocclusion
 Class 2 Malocclusion
• Division 1
• Division 2
• Sub-division
 Class 3 Malocclusion
• Class 3
• Pseudo Class 3
• Sub-division

11. Angle’s Class-1
• Characterized by normal inter-arch molar
relation.
• The mesio-buccal cusp of the maxillary
first permanent molar occludes in the
buccal groove of mandibular first
permanent molar.
• Patient may exhibit dental irregularities
such as crowding, spacing, rotations,
missing tooth etc.
• These patient exhibit normal skeletal
relation and also shoe normal muscle
function.

12. Bimaxillary Protrusion
Another malocclusion that is most often
categorized under class 1 is bomaxillary
protrusion where the patient exhibits a normal
class 1 molar relationship but both the upper
and lower arches are forwardly placed.

13. Angle’s Class 2
• These group is characterized by class
2 molar relation.
• The disto-buccal cusp of the upper
first permanent molar occludes in the
buccal groove of the lower first
permanent molar.
• Angle has sub classified class 2
malocclusion into 2 division
1. Class 2 division 1
2. Class 2 division 2

14. Class 2 Division 1
• These is characterized by proclined upper
incisor with a resultant increase in overjet.
• Characteristic feature is the presence of
abnormal muscle activity.
• The upper lip is usually hypotonic, short and
fails to form a lip seal. The lower lip
cushions the palatal aspect of the upper
teeth, a typical feature is ‘Lip Trap’.
• The arch is narrow at the premolar and
molar region thereby producing a v-shaped
upper arch.
• Hyperactive mentalis activity.

15. Class 2 Division 2
• It also exhibit the class 2 molar relationship
• The classic feature is presence of lingually
inclined upper central incisors and labially
tipped upper lateral incisors.
• The patient is exhibits a deep anterior overbite.
• The lingually inclined upper incisors give arch a
squarish shape.
• The mandibular labial gingival tissue is often
traumatized by the excessively tipped upper
central incisors.
• The patient exhibit normal muscle activity.

16. Class 2 Subdivision
• In these class 2 molar relation exists on one side and a
class 1 relation on the other, it is refered to as class 2
subdivision

17. Angle’s Class 3
• These group is characterized by class 3 molar
relation.
• Mesio-buccal cusp of the maxillary first
permanent molar occlude in the interdental
space between the mandibular first and
second molar.
• It is classified into two group:
1. True class 3
2. Pseudo class 3

18. True Class 3
• This can occur due to following causes:
1. Excessively large mandible
2. Forwardly placed mandible
3. Smaller than normal maxilla
4. Retropositioned maxilla
5. Combination of the above causes
• The patient can present with a normal overjet, an edge to
edge incisor relation or an anterior crossbite.
• The space available for tongue is usually more. Thus the
tongue occupies a lower position, resulting in a narrow
upper arch.

19. Pseudo Class 3
• This type of malocclusion is produced by a forward movement
of the mandible during jaw closure, thus it is also called
‘postural’ or ‘habitual’ class 3 malocclusion.
• Following are some causes of pseuso class 3 malocclusion.
1. Presence of occlusal prematurities may deflect the mandible
forward.
2. In case of premature loss of deciduous posteriors, the child
tends to move the mandible forward to established contact in
the anterior region.
3. A child with enlarged adenoids tends to prevent the tongue
from contacting the adenoids.

20. Class 3 Subdivision
 This is a condition characterized by a class 3 molar
relation on one side and a class 1 relation on the other
side.

21. Drawbacks Of Angle’s Classification
1. Angle considered malocclusion only in the antero-
posterior plane. He didn’t consider malocclusion in the
transverse and vertical planes.
2. Angle considered the first permanent molars as fixed
points in the skull. But this is not found to be so.
3. The classification can’t be applied if the first permanent
molars are extracted or missing.
4. The classification can’t be applied to the deciduous
dentition.

22. 5. The classification does not differentiate between
skeletal and dental malocclusion.
6. The classification does not highlight the etiology
of the malocclusion.
7. Individual tooth malposition have not been
considered by angle.

23. NAME OF
AUTHOR
JOURNAL LEVEL OF
EVIDENCE
AIMS AND
OBJECTIVES
RESULTS AND
CONCLUSION
Isabela brandao
magalhaes;
Luciano jose
Pereira; Leandro
silva marques;
Gustavo hauber
gamerio
Angle Orthodontist The influence of
malocclusion on
masticatory
performance
Malocclusions
cause decreased
masticatory
performance,
especially as it
relates to reduced
occlusal contacts
area. The influence
of malocclusion
treatment on
masticatory
performance is
only measurable 5
years after
treatment.

24. THANK YOU