This document provides an overview of biological classification. It discusses how there are over 13 billion known species, which is only 5% of all species that have ever lived. Classification involves organizing organisms into groups based on their similarities. A key figure was Carolus Linnaeus who developed the modern system of binomial nomenclature using genus and species names. The major taxonomic ranks from broadest to most specific are domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. Classification benefits scientific study by providing consistent naming conventions.
This document provides an overview of taxonomy and biological classification. It discusses how Carolus Linnaeus established the scientific system of naming and ranking organisms in hierarchical groups. The key levels are domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. It then describes the major taxonomic groups across the three domains of life - Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya. Within each kingdom, it outlines the characteristic phyla, classes, orders and other subgroups. The document concludes with a brief discussion of proposed alternatives to Linnaeus' classification system, such as the PhyloCode.
This document provides information on various kingdoms and types of organisms. It discusses key characteristics of Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia kingdoms. Within these kingdoms, it describes important groups like cyanobacteria, mycoplasma, chrysophytes, dinoflagellates, euglenoids, slime moulds, protozoans, ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, and deuteromycetes. It also summarizes generalized life cycles of fungi and alternation of generations in plants.
The document discusses the organization and morphological variations of algal thalli. It describes how algal thalli range from unicellular to multicellular forms and can be motile or non-motile. Various types of thalli are discussed including filamentous, parenchymatous, uniaxial, and siphonous forms. The ecology of algae is also covered, noting their habitats can include aquatic, terrestrial, aerophytic, cryophytic, thermophytic, and other unusual environments. The document concludes with a brief discussion of evolutionary trends in algae.
The document discusses early embryonic development and the biodiversity of animals, focusing on invertebrates. It describes how a zygote undergoes cleavage and forms a blastula through gastrulation. It then classifies animals into phyla based on their body plan, discussing characteristics like symmetry, tissues, and protostome vs deuterostome development. Major phyla include porifera, cnidaria, platyhelminthes, nematoda, annelida, arthropoda, mollusca, echinodermata, and chordata.
This document discusses algal technology and provides classifications of algae. It begins by defining algae as organisms capable of photosynthesis that are distinguished from land plants. It then discusses the history of classifying algae and provides Fritsch's 1935 classification system, which divides algae into 11 classes based on characteristics like pigmentation and reproduction methods. The document also discusses Smith's 1955 classification system and general characteristics of algae like their habitats, nutrition, and reproduction. It provides details on each of Fritsch's 11 algae classes.
The document summarizes key information about animal-like protists (protists without chloroplasts). It discusses their modes of locomotion/movement including cilia, flagella, and pseudopodia. It also describes their various modes of reproduction like binary fission, conjugation, and fragmentation. The major groups of protists are identified including ciliates, dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, amebas, and others.
This document discusses the classification of plants and algae. It describes how early classification systems were artificial and based on only a few morphological characteristics. Later systems incorporated more characteristics including internal features, ultrastructure, anatomy, embryology and phytochemistry, moving towards more natural classifications. Modern systems also consider evolutionary relationships and use numerical and chemical data from organisms. The document also provides details on characteristics, reproduction and uses of algae, describing the three main classes of Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae and Rhodophyceae.
There are three main types of biological classification systems - artificial, natural, and phylogenetic. The artificial system was the earliest and was based on superficial characteristics. The natural system considers external and internal features and evolutionary relationships. The phylogenetic system is based solely on evolutionary relationships and assumes common ancestry between taxa. Major groups of organisms are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of taxonomy and biological classification. It discusses how Carolus Linnaeus established the scientific system of naming and ranking organisms in hierarchical groups. The key levels are domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. It then describes the major taxonomic groups across the three domains of life - Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya. Within each kingdom, it outlines the characteristic phyla, classes, orders and other subgroups. The document concludes with a brief discussion of proposed alternatives to Linnaeus' classification system, such as the PhyloCode.
This document provides information on various kingdoms and types of organisms. It discusses key characteristics of Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia kingdoms. Within these kingdoms, it describes important groups like cyanobacteria, mycoplasma, chrysophytes, dinoflagellates, euglenoids, slime moulds, protozoans, ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, and deuteromycetes. It also summarizes generalized life cycles of fungi and alternation of generations in plants.
The document discusses the organization and morphological variations of algal thalli. It describes how algal thalli range from unicellular to multicellular forms and can be motile or non-motile. Various types of thalli are discussed including filamentous, parenchymatous, uniaxial, and siphonous forms. The ecology of algae is also covered, noting their habitats can include aquatic, terrestrial, aerophytic, cryophytic, thermophytic, and other unusual environments. The document concludes with a brief discussion of evolutionary trends in algae.
The document discusses early embryonic development and the biodiversity of animals, focusing on invertebrates. It describes how a zygote undergoes cleavage and forms a blastula through gastrulation. It then classifies animals into phyla based on their body plan, discussing characteristics like symmetry, tissues, and protostome vs deuterostome development. Major phyla include porifera, cnidaria, platyhelminthes, nematoda, annelida, arthropoda, mollusca, echinodermata, and chordata.
This document discusses algal technology and provides classifications of algae. It begins by defining algae as organisms capable of photosynthesis that are distinguished from land plants. It then discusses the history of classifying algae and provides Fritsch's 1935 classification system, which divides algae into 11 classes based on characteristics like pigmentation and reproduction methods. The document also discusses Smith's 1955 classification system and general characteristics of algae like their habitats, nutrition, and reproduction. It provides details on each of Fritsch's 11 algae classes.
The document summarizes key information about animal-like protists (protists without chloroplasts). It discusses their modes of locomotion/movement including cilia, flagella, and pseudopodia. It also describes their various modes of reproduction like binary fission, conjugation, and fragmentation. The major groups of protists are identified including ciliates, dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, amebas, and others.
This document discusses the classification of plants and algae. It describes how early classification systems were artificial and based on only a few morphological characteristics. Later systems incorporated more characteristics including internal features, ultrastructure, anatomy, embryology and phytochemistry, moving towards more natural classifications. Modern systems also consider evolutionary relationships and use numerical and chemical data from organisms. The document also provides details on characteristics, reproduction and uses of algae, describing the three main classes of Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae and Rhodophyceae.
There are three main types of biological classification systems - artificial, natural, and phylogenetic. The artificial system was the earliest and was based on superficial characteristics. The natural system considers external and internal features and evolutionary relationships. The phylogenetic system is based solely on evolutionary relationships and assumes common ancestry between taxa. Major groups of organisms are also summarized.
This document discusses biological classification. It provides an overview of the major classification systems proposed by Aristotle, Linnaeus, Haeckel, Copeland, Whittaker, and Woese. Whittaker's five kingdom system, which divides organisms into Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia, is described as the most widely accepted classification. Each kingdom is then defined, with Monera covering prokaryotes, Protista unicellular eukaryotes, Fungi heterotrophic organisms like mushrooms, Plantae photosynthetic eukaryotes, and Animalia multicellular organisms. Key aspects like nutrition, reproduction, and structure are outlined for representatives
This presentation is made in accordance with the NCERT textbook of Biology for Class 11. It deals with the introduction and characteristics of living organisms as well as concepts of nomenclature..
FOR FURTHER DETAILS YOU CAN WATCH THE RELATED VIDEO AT THE GIVEN LINK
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxo06Nj-QWo_7SNvMyDnJCQ?view_as=subscriber
Here are the questions with highlights:
1) List the three main (groups) types of protists?
2) Give two examples of animal-like protists.
3) What are sporozoans and what disease do they cause?
The document discusses several protist phyla and classes including Excavata, Chromalveolata, Rhizaria, Archaeplastida, and Unikonta. Some key characteristics mentioned are that Excavata lack classical mitochondria but retain mitochondrial powers, Chromalveolata often perform photosynthesis using chlorophylls and cellulose cell walls, Rhizaria are often mistaken for animals due to movement and heterotrophy, and Archaeplastida contain plastids with two membranes that likely evolved from cyanobacteria. Specific classes like Diplomonads, Euglenozoa, Alveolates, and Choanoflagellates are also outlined with their defining traits.
The document provides a detailed overview of the classification of living organisms across five kingdoms - Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Each kingdom is further divided into smaller sub-groups at various levels from phylum down to species. Key points include that Monera contains prokaryotes, Protista and Fungi contain eukaryotes, and Plantae and Animalia contain multicellular eukaryotes. The document also describes the five-kingdom system of classification and provides examples of representative groups within each kingdom.
Kingdoms are the second highest rank in biological taxonomy. There are traditionally six kingdoms - Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Archaea/Archaebacteria, and Bacteria/Eubacteria. However, some systems use five kingdoms excluding Archaea/Archaebacteria. The document then discusses Aristotle's early two-kingdom system and Linnaeus' two-kingdom system. It introduces Whittaker's influential five kingdom system of Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia based on cell structure, nutrition, and other characteristics. Each kingdom is then described in more detail covering key defining features.
This document provides an overview of the kingdom Protista, which includes mostly single-celled eukaryotic organisms. It discusses the diversity of protists, including their habitats, modes of nutrition, and life cycles. It then describes several examples of protist groups in more detail, including Euglenozoa (euglenoids and kinetoplastids), Alveolata (dinoflagellates, ciliates, apicomplexans), Stramenopiles (brown algae, diatoms), and Rhodophyta (red algae). It highlights the importance of protists and their role in ecosystems.
The Classification Of Living Organisms Ed205guest36cad2
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This document discusses the classification of living organisms. It covers the main levels of biological classification - kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. It provides examples for each level, describing characteristics of different types of organisms, including mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fish and birds. It also contains interactive games and quizzes to test the reader's understanding of biological classification.
Protists are unicellular eukaryotic organisms that can be animal-like, plant-like, or fungus-like. They are classified into kingdoms based on these characteristics. Protists include protozoa such as amoebas and paramecium, algae, water molds, and other microorganisms. They serve important ecological functions and some can cause disease.
This document summarizes the key points of the five kingdom classification system proposed by R.H. Whittaker which includes Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia. It provides details on the characteristics of each kingdom, including examples of organisms that fall under each kingdom. The kingdoms are differentiated based on factors like cell structure, nutrition, reproduction and phylogenetic relationships. Viruses and lichens are also briefly discussed.
This document discusses the key characteristics of living things and provides details on various taxonomic classifications. It outlines the four main characteristics of living things as growth, reproduction, metabolism, and response to stimuli. It then explains the hierarchical taxonomic classification system from species up to kingdom. Various taxonomic aids that help in identification and classification of organisms like herbaria, botanical gardens, museums, zoological parks, and keys are also described.
The document summarizes R.H. Whittaker's five kingdom classification system from 1969. It describes the key characteristics of each kingdom - Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Monera contains prokaryotic organisms like bacteria and archaea. Protista contains unicellular eukaryotes. Fungi are heterotrophic organisms that absorb nutrients. Plantae contains photosynthetic eukaryotes. Animalia are multicellular heterotrophs that ingest food. The classification system aimed to group organisms based on cell structure, nutrition, and evolutionary relationships.
General properties of fungi, algae & protozaAmjad Afridi
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This document summarizes the general properties of fungi, algae, and protozoa. It describes that fungi are eukaryotic, multicellular organisms that lack chlorophyll and reproduce both sexually and asexually. Algae are also eukaryotic but are photosynthetic and can range in size from microscopic to 50 meters long. They reproduce sexually and asexually. Protozoa are unicellular eukaryotes that can move using flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia, and reproduce through binary fission or budding. The document outlines examples of diseases caused by each group and their economic and environmental impacts.
This document provides information on the major protist groups, including Chromalveolata, Excavata, Rhizaria, Archaeplastida, and Unikonta. It describes key characteristics of each group such as their cellular structure, organelles, methods of movement, and important examples of protists within each group. The document aims to classify and describe the major lineages of protists.
This document discusses the diversity of living organisms and their classification. It begins by explaining that all organisms are unique and diversity has arisen through evolution over millions of years. Organisms are classified based on their characteristics into hierarchical groups like domains, kingdoms, phyla etc. The major kingdoms discussed are Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia. Within these, organisms are further classified into phyla, classes, orders, families, genera and species based on traits like cell structure, nutrition, body organization and complexity. This classification system helps to study and understand the immense biodiversity that exists.
R.H. Whittaker proposed a five kingdom classification system in 1969 based on cell structure, organism complexity, nutrition, reproduction, and phylogeny. The five kingdoms are Monera (bacteria), Protista (single-celled eukaryotes), Fungi, Plantae (plants), and Animalia (animals). Viruses were not included because they are not considered living but are infectious particles that cause diseases.
The document provides information on the classification of living organisms. It discusses the need for classification due to the huge diversity of life. It explains the levels of classification from kingdom down to species. The five kingdom system of Whittaker is described, including the kingdoms of Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Characteristics of each kingdom are provided. The classification of plants and animals is then outlined down to class levels. Finally, scientific naming conventions are explained.
This document discusses the classification and taxonomy of organisms. It explains that classification involves grouping organisms based on similarities and is hierarchical, ranging from broad domains to specific species. There are currently over 13 billion known species, representing only 5% of all organisms that have ever lived. The system of binomial nomenclature developed by Carolus Linnaeus in the 18th century established the standard for classifying and naming organisms scientifically. The major domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya, with kingdoms further dividing Eukarya.
This document discusses the classification of organisms. It defines classification as the arrangement of organisms into groups based on their similarities. There are currently over 13 million known species, which is estimated to be only 5% of all species that have ever lived. The document outlines the taxonomic hierarchy from broadest to most specific levels, and describes some important figures in the history of taxonomy such as Aristotle, John Ray, and Carolus Linnaeus who developed the system of binomial nomenclature still used today. The three domains of life are described as Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.
This document discusses biological classification. It provides an overview of the major classification systems proposed by Aristotle, Linnaeus, Haeckel, Copeland, Whittaker, and Woese. Whittaker's five kingdom system, which divides organisms into Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia, is described as the most widely accepted classification. Each kingdom is then defined, with Monera covering prokaryotes, Protista unicellular eukaryotes, Fungi heterotrophic organisms like mushrooms, Plantae photosynthetic eukaryotes, and Animalia multicellular organisms. Key aspects like nutrition, reproduction, and structure are outlined for representatives
This presentation is made in accordance with the NCERT textbook of Biology for Class 11. It deals with the introduction and characteristics of living organisms as well as concepts of nomenclature..
FOR FURTHER DETAILS YOU CAN WATCH THE RELATED VIDEO AT THE GIVEN LINK
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxo06Nj-QWo_7SNvMyDnJCQ?view_as=subscriber
Here are the questions with highlights:
1) List the three main (groups) types of protists?
2) Give two examples of animal-like protists.
3) What are sporozoans and what disease do they cause?
The document discusses several protist phyla and classes including Excavata, Chromalveolata, Rhizaria, Archaeplastida, and Unikonta. Some key characteristics mentioned are that Excavata lack classical mitochondria but retain mitochondrial powers, Chromalveolata often perform photosynthesis using chlorophylls and cellulose cell walls, Rhizaria are often mistaken for animals due to movement and heterotrophy, and Archaeplastida contain plastids with two membranes that likely evolved from cyanobacteria. Specific classes like Diplomonads, Euglenozoa, Alveolates, and Choanoflagellates are also outlined with their defining traits.
The document provides a detailed overview of the classification of living organisms across five kingdoms - Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Each kingdom is further divided into smaller sub-groups at various levels from phylum down to species. Key points include that Monera contains prokaryotes, Protista and Fungi contain eukaryotes, and Plantae and Animalia contain multicellular eukaryotes. The document also describes the five-kingdom system of classification and provides examples of representative groups within each kingdom.
Kingdoms are the second highest rank in biological taxonomy. There are traditionally six kingdoms - Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Archaea/Archaebacteria, and Bacteria/Eubacteria. However, some systems use five kingdoms excluding Archaea/Archaebacteria. The document then discusses Aristotle's early two-kingdom system and Linnaeus' two-kingdom system. It introduces Whittaker's influential five kingdom system of Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia based on cell structure, nutrition, and other characteristics. Each kingdom is then described in more detail covering key defining features.
This document provides an overview of the kingdom Protista, which includes mostly single-celled eukaryotic organisms. It discusses the diversity of protists, including their habitats, modes of nutrition, and life cycles. It then describes several examples of protist groups in more detail, including Euglenozoa (euglenoids and kinetoplastids), Alveolata (dinoflagellates, ciliates, apicomplexans), Stramenopiles (brown algae, diatoms), and Rhodophyta (red algae). It highlights the importance of protists and their role in ecosystems.
The Classification Of Living Organisms Ed205guest36cad2
Â
This document discusses the classification of living organisms. It covers the main levels of biological classification - kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. It provides examples for each level, describing characteristics of different types of organisms, including mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fish and birds. It also contains interactive games and quizzes to test the reader's understanding of biological classification.
Protists are unicellular eukaryotic organisms that can be animal-like, plant-like, or fungus-like. They are classified into kingdoms based on these characteristics. Protists include protozoa such as amoebas and paramecium, algae, water molds, and other microorganisms. They serve important ecological functions and some can cause disease.
This document summarizes the key points of the five kingdom classification system proposed by R.H. Whittaker which includes Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia. It provides details on the characteristics of each kingdom, including examples of organisms that fall under each kingdom. The kingdoms are differentiated based on factors like cell structure, nutrition, reproduction and phylogenetic relationships. Viruses and lichens are also briefly discussed.
This document discusses the key characteristics of living things and provides details on various taxonomic classifications. It outlines the four main characteristics of living things as growth, reproduction, metabolism, and response to stimuli. It then explains the hierarchical taxonomic classification system from species up to kingdom. Various taxonomic aids that help in identification and classification of organisms like herbaria, botanical gardens, museums, zoological parks, and keys are also described.
The document summarizes R.H. Whittaker's five kingdom classification system from 1969. It describes the key characteristics of each kingdom - Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Monera contains prokaryotic organisms like bacteria and archaea. Protista contains unicellular eukaryotes. Fungi are heterotrophic organisms that absorb nutrients. Plantae contains photosynthetic eukaryotes. Animalia are multicellular heterotrophs that ingest food. The classification system aimed to group organisms based on cell structure, nutrition, and evolutionary relationships.
General properties of fungi, algae & protozaAmjad Afridi
Â
This document summarizes the general properties of fungi, algae, and protozoa. It describes that fungi are eukaryotic, multicellular organisms that lack chlorophyll and reproduce both sexually and asexually. Algae are also eukaryotic but are photosynthetic and can range in size from microscopic to 50 meters long. They reproduce sexually and asexually. Protozoa are unicellular eukaryotes that can move using flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia, and reproduce through binary fission or budding. The document outlines examples of diseases caused by each group and their economic and environmental impacts.
This document provides information on the major protist groups, including Chromalveolata, Excavata, Rhizaria, Archaeplastida, and Unikonta. It describes key characteristics of each group such as their cellular structure, organelles, methods of movement, and important examples of protists within each group. The document aims to classify and describe the major lineages of protists.
This document discusses the diversity of living organisms and their classification. It begins by explaining that all organisms are unique and diversity has arisen through evolution over millions of years. Organisms are classified based on their characteristics into hierarchical groups like domains, kingdoms, phyla etc. The major kingdoms discussed are Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia. Within these, organisms are further classified into phyla, classes, orders, families, genera and species based on traits like cell structure, nutrition, body organization and complexity. This classification system helps to study and understand the immense biodiversity that exists.
R.H. Whittaker proposed a five kingdom classification system in 1969 based on cell structure, organism complexity, nutrition, reproduction, and phylogeny. The five kingdoms are Monera (bacteria), Protista (single-celled eukaryotes), Fungi, Plantae (plants), and Animalia (animals). Viruses were not included because they are not considered living but are infectious particles that cause diseases.
The document provides information on the classification of living organisms. It discusses the need for classification due to the huge diversity of life. It explains the levels of classification from kingdom down to species. The five kingdom system of Whittaker is described, including the kingdoms of Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Characteristics of each kingdom are provided. The classification of plants and animals is then outlined down to class levels. Finally, scientific naming conventions are explained.
This document discusses the classification and taxonomy of organisms. It explains that classification involves grouping organisms based on similarities and is hierarchical, ranging from broad domains to specific species. There are currently over 13 billion known species, representing only 5% of all organisms that have ever lived. The system of binomial nomenclature developed by Carolus Linnaeus in the 18th century established the standard for classifying and naming organisms scientifically. The major domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya, with kingdoms further dividing Eukarya.
This document discusses the classification of organisms. It defines classification as the arrangement of organisms into groups based on their similarities. There are currently over 13 million known species, which is estimated to be only 5% of all species that have ever lived. The document outlines the taxonomic hierarchy from broadest to most specific levels, and describes some important figures in the history of taxonomy such as Aristotle, John Ray, and Carolus Linnaeus who developed the system of binomial nomenclature still used today. The three domains of life are described as Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.
- There are 13 billion known species of organisms, which is only 5% of all organisms that have ever lived. New organisms are still being discovered and identified.
- Classification involves organizing organisms into ordered groups based on their similarities. It is also known as taxonomy. Taxonomists identify and name new organisms.
- Carolus Linnaeus developed the modern system of binomial nomenclature in the 18th century, where each species is identified by its genus and specific epithet. This standardized naming system is still used today.
There are three main points covered in the document:
1) Classification involves organizing organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities. It allows organisms to be accurately and uniformly named using Latin or Greek terms, preventing misnomers.
2) Carolus Linnaeus developed the modern system of binomial nomenclature in the 18th century, using a two-part scientific name (genus and species) written in italics. This standardized naming system is still used today.
3) Organisms are classified into an hierarchical grouping of taxa from the broadest (domains) to the most specific (species). Modern taxonomy relies on similarities in homologous structures, embryo development, and molecular DNA/protein sequences to
This document discusses the three domain system of classifying life - Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. It describes the key characteristics of prokaryotes, including their unicellular nature, lack of organelles, and cell structures like cell walls. Archaea are introduced as extremophiles that thrive in harsh environments. Bacteria are classified as gram-positive or gram-negative. The evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes is discussed. The kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia are also introduced along with their defining characteristics. Fungi are described as important decomposers and their structures like hyphae and role in symbiotic relationships are
The document provides instructions for creating a foldable taxonomy organizer with 5 colored paper sheets. It describes folding the purple paper first and then folding the other colored papers over top, with a half inch edge on each, in the order of purple, green, yellow, pink, and blue. It instructs to staple the completed foldable at the top. The foldable is meant to help organize information about taxonomy, including levels like species, genus, family, order, and domains of life.
Classification is the ordering of organisms into groups based on their similarities and relationships. Carolus Linnaeus introduced the system of binomial nomenclature for naming organisms. The animal kingdom is classified into invertebrates and chordates based on the presence or absence of a notochord. Invertebrates lack a backbone and are further divided into phyla like porifera, coelenterata, platyhelminthes, annelida, arthropoda, mollusca and echinoderma based on their body plan. Chordates are characterized by the presence of a notochord and are divided into prochordates and vertebrates. Vertebrates have a backbone and are grouped under six classes
Biology is the study of living organisms from cells to humans. It includes the study of genes, cells, and their characteristics. All living things share basic properties including cellular organization, metabolism, homeostasis, heredity, growth and adaptation. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. A cell is enclosed by a membrane or wall and contains cytoplasm and organelles. Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts for photosynthesis, and store food as starch grains.
Apply a classification system to a range of marine organisms found in the Maldives.
Define Taxonomy
State the order of classification
Name organisms using binomial nomenclature
Use taxonomic keys
Classify organisms
This document provides information about classification of living things. It begins by explaining that Carolus Linnaeus is considered the Father of Taxonomy, and that he developed the system of classification that is still used today involving kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. It then goes on to describe the six kingdoms of life - Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia - providing details about each. The document concludes by noting that classification keys are used to classify newly discovered organisms based on their characteristics.
This document provides an overview of microbiology and the classification of microorganisms. It discusses how Carolus Linnaeus established the scientific naming system using genus and species names. Microorganisms are classified into three domains - Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya - based on characteristics like cell structure and nucleic acid. Within these domains, microbes are further classified into six kingdoms and grouped according to their features. The document also describes key characteristics of bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae, viruses, and multicellular parasites.
- The document discusses the evolution of biological classification systems from Linnaeus's two-kingdom system to the modern three-domain system. It describes the levels of taxonomy from smallest to largest and characteristics used to classify organisms, including evolutionary relationships revealed by DNA evidence. The three domains are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya, with Eukarya containing the kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Classification systems continue adapting to new genetic and molecular evidence.
The document discusses the three domains of life - Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Within these domains are six kingdoms - Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. The kingdoms are classified based on cell type, number of cells, and feeding type. Details are provided on the defining characteristics of each kingdom.
This document provides an overview of biological classification and taxonomy. It begins by defining key terms like biosphere, ecosystem, and biodiversity. It then outlines the major kingdoms of life - Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. For each kingdom, it describes the cell type, number of cells, nutrition, examples of organisms, and their roles in ecosystems. It also discusses the hierarchical levels of classification from domain to species. The document provides a comprehensive introduction to classifying and organizing life on Earth.
Diversity IN Living Organisms Class 9 Biology (1).pptxMaxiHalim
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This document provides information on classifying living organisms. It discusses the five kingdoms of life proposed by Whitaker: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Each kingdom is characterized based on cell structure, nutrition, and body organization. Within kingdoms, organisms are further classified into taxa such as phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species. Examples of different phyla are described for plants, fungi, protists, animals, including their key distinguishing characteristics. The document also covers classification of seed plants and discusses characteristics of major groups like porifera, cnidaria, nematodes, annelids, and arthropods.
I. The document provides an overview of taxonomy and the classification system used in biology to organize organisms into a hierarchical series of groups called taxa. It discusses the seven main levels of classification from broadest to most specific - kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
II. The document then summarizes each of the six kingdoms - Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia - in 1-2 sentences each. It also provides brief descriptions of viruses and their replication cycles.
III. The rest of the document consists of index cards with 1-3 sentences each summarizing characteristics of taxa within the various kingdoms
This document provides information on biological classification systems. It discusses why classifying living things is important, provides a brief history of classification methods, and describes the current system of classification. The current system is based on 3 domains - Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya - which are further divided into kingdoms based on characteristics like cell structure, nutrition, and whether organisms are unicellular or multicellular. The 6 kingdoms are Bacteria, Archaea, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Each kingdom has distinguishing features that are described.
The document describes the six kingdoms of life: Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Organisms are classified based on three factors - cell type (prokaryotic or eukaryotic), cell number (unicellular or multicellular), and feeding type (autotroph or heterotroph). Each kingdom is then described in 1-2 sentences highlighting their key characteristics.
The document provides information about taxonomy, including:
1) Taxonomy is the branch of biology concerned with grouping and naming organisms. It began as people wanted to organize the living things they observed.
2) Carolus Linnaeus developed the modern system of binomial nomenclature, assigning every species a two-part scientific name based on genus and species to standardize naming across languages.
3) The hierarchical classification system ranks taxa from broad kingdoms to specific species based on observable similarities, allowing scientists to communicate unambiguously about organisms.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
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Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Project Management Semester Long Project - Acuityjpupo2018
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Acuity is an innovative learning app designed to transform the way you engage with knowledge. Powered by AI technology, Acuity takes complex topics and distills them into concise, interactive summaries that are easy to read & understand. Whether you're exploring the depths of quantum mechanics or seeking insight into historical events, Acuity provides the key information you need without the burden of lengthy texts.
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
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Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
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An English đŹđ§ translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech đ¨đż version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
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2. Species of Organisms
â˘
There are 13 billion known
species of organisms
â˘
This is only 5% of all
organisms that ever lived!!!!!
â˘
New organisms are still being
found and identified
copyright cmassengale 2
3. What is Classification?
Classification is the
arrangement of organisms into
orderly groups based on their
similarities
Classification is also known as
taxonomy
Taxonomists are scientists that
identify & name organisms
copyright cmassengale 3
4. Benefits of Classifying
â˘
Accurately & uniformly names
organisms
â˘
Prevents misnomers such as
starfish & jellyfish that aren't
really fish
â˘
Uses same language (Latin or
some Greek) for all names
Seaâhorseâ??
copyright cmassengale 4
6. Latin Names are Understood by
all Taxonomists
copyright cmassengale 6
7. Early Taxonomists
⢠2000 years ago,
Aristotle was the
first taxonomist
⢠Aristotle divided
organisms into
plants & animals
⢠He subdivided
them by their
habitat ---land,
sea, or air dwellers
copyright cmassengale 7
8. Carolus Linnaeus
1707 â 1778
⢠18th century
taxonomist
⢠Classified
organisms by
their structure
⢠Developed
naming system
still used
today
copyright cmassengale 8
9. Carolus Linnaeus
â˘
Called the âFather of
Taxonomyâ
â˘
Developed the modern
system of naming known
as binomial nomenclature
â˘
Two-word name (Genus &
species)
copyright cmassengale 9
10. Standardized Naming
â˘Binomial
nomenclature used
Turdus migratorius
â˘Genus species
â˘Latin or Greek
â˘Italicized in print
â˘Capitalize genus,
but NOT species
â˘Underline when
writing
American Robin
copyright cmassengale 10
12. Classification Groups
⢠Taxon ( taxa-plural)related
category into which
is a
organisms are placed
⢠There is a hierarchy of groups
(taxa) from broadest to most
specific
⢠Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class,
Order, Family, Genus, species
copyright cmassengale 12
13. Hierarchy-Taxonomic Groups
Domain BROADEST TAXON
Kingdom
Phylum (Division â used for plants)
Class
Order
Family
Most
Genus Specific
Species
copyright cmassengale 13
14. Did
King
Phillip
Cross
Over
France
Going
South!
copyright cmassengale 14
16. Domains
⢠Broadest, most inclusive taxon
⢠Three domains
⢠Archaea and Eubacteria(no
unicellular prokaryotes
are
nucleus or membrane-bound
organelles)
⢠Eukarya are more complex and
have a nucleus and membrane-
bound organelles
copyright cmassengale 16
17. ARCHAEA
⢠Probably the 1st cells to evolve
⢠Live in HARSH environments
⢠Found in:
âSewage Treatment Plants
âThermal or Volcanic Vents
âacid Springs or Geysers that are
Hot
âGreatsalty water (Dead Sea;
Very
Salt Lake)
copyright cmassengale 17
19. EUBACTERIA
⢠Some may cause DISEASE
⢠Found in ALL HABITATS except
harsh ones
⢠Important decomposers for
environment
⢠Commercially important in making
cottage cheese, yogurt,
buttermilk, etc.
copyright cmassengale 19
20. Live in the intestines of animals
copyright cmassengale 20
21. Domain Eukarya is Divided
into Kingdoms
â˘Protista (protozoans,
algaeâŚ)
⢠Fungi (mushrooms, yeasts âŚ)
â˘Plantae (multicellular plants)
â˘animals)
Animalia (multicellular
copyright cmassengale 21
23. Reproduction
Asexually
Mitosis and cytokinesis - unicellular
http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=mitosis+in+protist&view=detail
Budding â similar to mitosis except daughter cell is smaller
than parent â multicellular
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4JIytOL-Q18&feature=related
SEXUALLY
Meiosis â special nuclear division to reduce chromosome
number to haploid - multicellular
Conjugation â exchange of nuclear material between two
individuals - unicellular
25. Protozoans
animal-like protist
Unicellular â made up of one cell
Heterotrophs â they eat other
organisms or dead organic matter
Classified by how they move
http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=ameba+moving+by+pseudopodia&view=detail&mid=12BAAFBDAA246F74656112BA
http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=ameba+eating&view=detail&mid=2FAC7F7118693435B4B82FAC7F7118693435B4
26. Plant like protists - Algae
Flagellates: the motorboats
Use a whip-like extension called a
flagella to move
Some cause disease
http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=protist+-+flagellate&view=detail&id=23798BE7F96B6F0A5984FE05B9021A3DC78
Ciliates â move by tiny hairs called
cilia
http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=paramecium&view=detail&mid=0FFDD35BE3C8B0E5B95A0FFDD35BE3C8B0E5B95A
Sporozoans â parasites that do not
move
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JwsoK8O0lXE
http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=plasmodium&view=detail&id=B6D2E36FD71E1288663C0034AD66233D443960A1&f
27. Plant-like protist
What are Algae?
Multicellular â made of more than one
cell
Photosynthetic â make their own food
No roots, stems, or leaves
Each has chlorophyll and other
photosynthetic pigments
Examples
Euglena, Diatoms, Red Algae, Brown
Algae, Green Algae
http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=euglena+video&mid=C67E436CB272D7AAD478C67E436CB272D7AAD478&view=detail&
http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=diatoms&view=detail&id=E76D2C31E51A3DF7230E4CD13C14ACABE8B0E9BA&first=0
28. Fungus-like protist
Characteristics in Common
Obtain energy by decomposing organic
material
Not in kingdom fungi because they
have cellulose instead of chitin in
their cell walls
Examples - Plasmodium Slime Molds, Cellular Slime
Molds,Water Molds, & Downy Mildews
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GScyw3ammmk
29. Fungi
⢠Multicellular,
except yeast
⢠Absorptive
heterotrophs
(digest food
outside their
body & then
absorb it)
⢠Cell walls
made of chitin
copyright cmassengale 29
30. The Characteristics of Fungi
Fungi are NOT plants
Nonphotosynthetic
Eukaryotes
Nonmotile
Most are saprobes
(live on dead
organisms)
30
31. The Characteristics of Fungi
Important decomposers &
recyclers of nutrients in
the environment
Lack true roots, stems or
leaves
Some fungi are internal or
external parasites
A few fungi act like
predators & capture prey MULTICELLULAR
like roundworms
UNICELLULAR YEAST
MUSHROOM
31
32. The Characteristics of Fungi
Produce both sexual
and asexual
spores
Classified by their
sexual
reproductive
structures
Spores come
in various
shapes
32
33. The Characteristics of Fungi
Grow best in warm, moist
environments
Fungi include puffballs,
yeasts, mushrooms,
toadstools, rusts, smuts,
ringworm, and molds Penicillium mold
The antibiotic penicillin is
made by the Penicillium
mold
Puffball 33
34. Cladogram
ďWhich of most
following is
the
closely related
to a mushroom
(fungus)?
ď WHY?
ď Recent DNA-
based studies
show that fungi
are more similar
to
34
37. Taxonomy
Plants are divided
into two groups
Based on the
presence (vascular Vascu
plants) or absence lar
(nonvascular plants) Bundl
of an internal es
transport system
for water and
dissolved materials
copyright cmassengale 37
38. Vascular System
Xylem tissue carries water and
minerals upward from the roots
Phloem tissue carries sugars made by
photosynthesis from the leaves to
where they will be stored or used
copyright cmassengale 38
39. Nonvascular Plants
Do not have vascular
tissue for support or
conduction of materials
Require a constantly
moist environment
Plants canât grow as
tall
Cells must be in direct
contact with moisture
Materials move by
diffusion cell-to-cell
copyright cmassengale 39
41. Main Parts of Vascular Plants
Leaves
- Photosynthetic part of plant
that contains chloroplast
- have stomata on underneath
side for gas exchange
Stems
- carry water and nutrients to
leaves
Roots
-Found below ground
-Absorb water & minerals
-Anchor the plant
41
42. Vascular Plants
Subdivided into two
groups -- Seedless
vascular plants and
Seed-bearing
vascular plants
Club
copyright cmassengale 42
44. Seed-Producing Vascular Plants
Includes two groups â
Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
Gymnosperms have naked seeds in
cones
Angiosperms have flowers that
produce seeds to attract
pollinators and produce seeds
copyright cmassengale 44
46. Animalia
⢠Multicellular
⢠Ingestive
heterotrophs
(consume food
& digest it
inside their
bodies)
⢠Feed on plants
or animals
copyright cmassengale 46
48. Taxons
â˘
Most genera contain a
number of similar species
â˘
The genus Homo is an
exception (only contains
modern humans)
â˘
Classification is based on
evolutionary relationships
copyright cmassengale 48
49. Basis for Modern Taxonomy
⢠Homologous structures (same
structure, different
function)
⢠Similar embryo development
⢠Molecular Similarity in DNA,
RNA, or amino acid sequence
of Proteins
copyright cmassengale 49
52. Cladogram
Diagram showing how organisms are related
based on shared, derived characteristics
such as feathers, hair, or scales
copyright cmassengale 52
54. Dichotomous Keying
â˘
Used to identify organisms
â˘
Characteristics given in
pairs
â˘
Read both characteristics
and either go to another
set of characteristics OR
identify the organism
copyright cmassengale 54
55. Example of Dichotomous Key
1a Tentacles present â Go to 2
1b Tentacles absent â Go to 3
2a Eight Tentacles â Octopus
2b More than 8 tentacles â 3
3a Tentacles hang down â go to 4
3b Tentacles uprightâSea Anemone
4a Balloon-shaped bodyâJellyfish
4b Body NOT balloon-shaped - 5
copyright cmassengale 55
Editor's Notes
Genus and species are the two names used to identify specific organisms in the binomial system of classification. Division is used for plants.
Growth, with increases in size and number of cells, is part of development. Development involves many stages from conception until death.