The document discusses classical encryption techniques used in cryptography. It begins with an overview of symmetric encryption and the basic concepts of plaintext, ciphertext, encryption, and decryption. It then covers various classical encryption techniques like the Caesar cipher, monoalphabetic cipher, Playfair cipher, polyalphabetic ciphers including the Vigenère cipher, Vernam cipher, and the theoretically unbreakable one-time pad cipher. It also discusses transposition techniques like the rail fence cipher and row transposition cipher.
Symmetric Cipher Model,BruteForce attack, Cryptanalysis,Advantages of Symmetric cryptosystem,Model of conventional Encryption, model of conventional cryptosystem,Cryptography,Ciphertext,Plaintext,Decryption algorithm,Diadvantages of Symmetric Cryptosystem,Types of attacks on encrypted messages,Average time required for exhaustive key search
This document provides an overview of classical encryption techniques. It begins with definitions of key terms like plaintext, ciphertext, encryption, and decryption. It then describes the symmetric cipher model and simplifies it. The document outlines areas of cryptography and cryptanalysis. It explains techniques like substitution ciphers, the Caesar cipher, monoalphabetic ciphers, the Playfair cipher, the Hill cipher, polyalphabetic ciphers, and the one-time pad cipher. For each technique, it provides a brief description and encryption algorithm.
1) The document discusses symmetric encryption techniques including the symmetric cipher model, substitution techniques like the Caesar cipher and transposition techniques like the rail fence cipher.
2) It also covers the one-time pad cipher and its requirements for security as well as steganography techniques for hiding messages.
3) Cryptanalysis methods like brute force attacks and cryptanalytic attacks are explained for analyzing encryption algorithms.
The document summarizes classical encryption techniques, including:
1) Monoalphabetic ciphers which encrypt one letter to another but can be broken through frequency analysis of letters.
2) The Playfair cipher which encrypts digrams and provides more security than monoalphabetic ciphers.
3) Polyalphabetic ciphers like the Vigenère cipher which use multiple cipher alphabets to provide even stronger security.
The document provides an overview of cipher techniques including:
- Classical techniques like transposition ciphers, substitution ciphers including the Caesar and Playfair ciphers, and polyalphabetic ciphers like the Vigenere cipher.
- Modern techniques like stream ciphers which encrypt bits one at a time using a pseudorandom keystream, and block ciphers which encrypt blocks of text.
- It also discusses cryptanalysis techniques for analyzing ciphers and discusses how to build more secure systems using techniques like the one-time pad or combining multiple ciphers.
This document provides an overview of symmetric encryption techniques, including:
- Symmetric encryption uses a shared secret key for both encryption and decryption.
- Classical encryption algorithms like the Caesar cipher and monoalphabetic substitution ciphers can be broken through frequency analysis.
- The Playfair cipher improved security over monoalphabetic ciphers by encrypting digrams, but it can still be broken with enough ciphertext.
- Polyalphabetic ciphers like the Vigenère cipher further increase security by using multiple cipher alphabets selected by a keyword.
Block ciphers like DES encrypt data in blocks and are based on the Feistel cipher structure. DES encrypts 64-bit blocks using a 56-bit key and 16 rounds of encryption. Modern cryptanalysis techniques like differential and linear cryptanalysis use statistical analysis to reveal weaknesses in block ciphers, though DES remains relatively secure against these attacks. Careful design of block ciphers, including aspects like non-linear substitution boxes and complex key scheduling, aims to provide security against cryptanalysis.
The document discusses classical encryption techniques such as the Caesar cipher, monoalphabetic ciphers, the Playfair cipher, and polyalphabetic ciphers. It explains the basic principles of how each technique works to encrypt plaintext into ciphertext and highlights some of their weaknesses, such as being vulnerable to frequency analysis for the monoalphabetic ciphers. The document also introduces block ciphers and stream ciphers as two general categories of encryption algorithms.
Symmetric Cipher Model,BruteForce attack, Cryptanalysis,Advantages of Symmetric cryptosystem,Model of conventional Encryption, model of conventional cryptosystem,Cryptography,Ciphertext,Plaintext,Decryption algorithm,Diadvantages of Symmetric Cryptosystem,Types of attacks on encrypted messages,Average time required for exhaustive key search
This document provides an overview of classical encryption techniques. It begins with definitions of key terms like plaintext, ciphertext, encryption, and decryption. It then describes the symmetric cipher model and simplifies it. The document outlines areas of cryptography and cryptanalysis. It explains techniques like substitution ciphers, the Caesar cipher, monoalphabetic ciphers, the Playfair cipher, the Hill cipher, polyalphabetic ciphers, and the one-time pad cipher. For each technique, it provides a brief description and encryption algorithm.
1) The document discusses symmetric encryption techniques including the symmetric cipher model, substitution techniques like the Caesar cipher and transposition techniques like the rail fence cipher.
2) It also covers the one-time pad cipher and its requirements for security as well as steganography techniques for hiding messages.
3) Cryptanalysis methods like brute force attacks and cryptanalytic attacks are explained for analyzing encryption algorithms.
The document summarizes classical encryption techniques, including:
1) Monoalphabetic ciphers which encrypt one letter to another but can be broken through frequency analysis of letters.
2) The Playfair cipher which encrypts digrams and provides more security than monoalphabetic ciphers.
3) Polyalphabetic ciphers like the Vigenère cipher which use multiple cipher alphabets to provide even stronger security.
The document provides an overview of cipher techniques including:
- Classical techniques like transposition ciphers, substitution ciphers including the Caesar and Playfair ciphers, and polyalphabetic ciphers like the Vigenere cipher.
- Modern techniques like stream ciphers which encrypt bits one at a time using a pseudorandom keystream, and block ciphers which encrypt blocks of text.
- It also discusses cryptanalysis techniques for analyzing ciphers and discusses how to build more secure systems using techniques like the one-time pad or combining multiple ciphers.
This document provides an overview of symmetric encryption techniques, including:
- Symmetric encryption uses a shared secret key for both encryption and decryption.
- Classical encryption algorithms like the Caesar cipher and monoalphabetic substitution ciphers can be broken through frequency analysis.
- The Playfair cipher improved security over monoalphabetic ciphers by encrypting digrams, but it can still be broken with enough ciphertext.
- Polyalphabetic ciphers like the Vigenère cipher further increase security by using multiple cipher alphabets selected by a keyword.
Block ciphers like DES encrypt data in blocks and are based on the Feistel cipher structure. DES encrypts 64-bit blocks using a 56-bit key and 16 rounds of encryption. Modern cryptanalysis techniques like differential and linear cryptanalysis use statistical analysis to reveal weaknesses in block ciphers, though DES remains relatively secure against these attacks. Careful design of block ciphers, including aspects like non-linear substitution boxes and complex key scheduling, aims to provide security against cryptanalysis.
The document discusses classical encryption techniques such as the Caesar cipher, monoalphabetic ciphers, the Playfair cipher, and polyalphabetic ciphers. It explains the basic principles of how each technique works to encrypt plaintext into ciphertext and highlights some of their weaknesses, such as being vulnerable to frequency analysis for the monoalphabetic ciphers. The document also introduces block ciphers and stream ciphers as two general categories of encryption algorithms.
The document discusses classical encryption techniques such as substitution ciphers like the Caesar cipher and monoalphabetic cipher, transposition ciphers like the rail fence cipher and row transposition cipher, and polyalphabetic ciphers like the Vigenere cipher. It introduces basic concepts and terminology in cryptography such as plaintext, ciphertext, encryption, decryption, and secret keys. The goals are to introduce basic concepts and terminology of encryption and to prepare for studying modern cryptography.
This document summarizes key concepts about block ciphers and the Data Encryption Standard (DES) cipher. It introduces block ciphers and how they operate on message blocks, describes the Feistel cipher structure and its design principles, and provides details on the DES algorithm including its history, design, encryption process, key schedule, and analysis of its security strengths and weaknesses over time. Differential and linear cryptanalysis attacks on block ciphers are also summarized.
The document discusses classical encryption techniques, including symmetric encryption which uses the same key for encryption and decryption. It describes ciphers like the Caesar cipher which substitutes letters by shifting the alphabet, the monoalphabetic cipher with one substitution table, and the polyalphabetic Vigenère cipher which uses multiple substitution alphabets. The document also covers the Playfair cipher which encrypts letters in pairs using a 5x5 keyword matrix, and discusses cryptanalysis techniques for breaking classical ciphers.
Classical Encryption Techniques in Network Securitybabak danyal
The document provides an overview of classical encryption techniques, including: symmetric ciphers that use the same key for encryption and decryption (such as the Caesar cipher, monoalphabetic ciphers like the Playfair cipher, and polyalphabetic ciphers like the Vigenère cipher) as well as transposition techniques that rearrange plaintext; rotor machines like the Enigma that implemented complex polyalphabetic substitution; and steganography that hides messages within other files or messages. The goal is to introduce basic concepts and terminology of encryption to prepare for studying modern cryptography.
This document discusses product ciphers, which combine substitution and transposition ciphers for stronger encryption. It provides an example of encrypting the plaintext "COMPUTER" using a two-step product cipher. First, substitution encryption is done using a 6x6 matrix. Then, transposition encryption is performed by rearranging the ciphertext columns according to a keyword. The document explains how to encrypt another plaintext "CRYPTOGRAPHY" using the same technique with a different keyword.
This document provides a tutorial on linear and differential cryptanalysis. It summarizes the attacks and applies them to a simple substitution-permutation network cipher as an example. The tutorial explains how to construct linear expressions to exploit the nonlinear properties of the cipher's S-boxes. It also introduces the "piling-up principle", which shows that combining independent biased variables results in a cumulative bias according to a simple formula. The overall goal is to provide an intuitive explanation of these cryptanalysis techniques for novice cryptanalysts.
This PPT explains about the term "Cryptography - Encryption & Decryption".
This PPT is for beginners and for intermediate developers who want to learn about Cryptography.
I have also explained some famous ciphers like AES, DES and RSA.
Do not forget to like.
This document discusses symmetric cryptography and provides an overview of symmetric cipher systems including stream ciphers like the Vernam cipher and one-time pad, as well as block ciphers like DES, Triple DES, and AES. It describes the basic components of a symmetric cipher model and the properties and modes of operation for symmetric encryption algorithms. Key topics covered include the Feistel cipher structure used by DES, the cryptanalysis of DES leading to its replacement by AES, and the advantages and disadvantages of stream and block ciphers.
- Substitution techniques involve replacing the letters of plaintext with other letters, numbers or symbols. The main substitution techniques are Caesar cipher, monoalphabetic cipher, Playfair cipher and Hill cipher.
- The Caesar cipher replaces each letter with the letter three positions down the alphabet. The monoalphabetic cipher uses a single alphabetic key for the entire message. The Playfair cipher encrypts pairs of letters based on a 5x5 grid generated from a keyword. The Hill cipher encrypts blocks of letters as numerical values using a matrix-based approach.
This document discusses conventional encryption principles and algorithms. It covers the following key points:
1) Conventional encryption uses an encryption algorithm, secret key, and decryption algorithm to encrypt plaintext into ciphertext and decrypt ciphertext back to plaintext. The security depends on keeping the key secret, not the algorithm.
2) Common symmetric encryption algorithms discussed include DES, Triple DES, Blowfish, RC5, and CAST-128. Key sizes and number of rounds are important parameters for security.
3) Modes of operation like cipher block chaining are used to encrypt blocks of plaintext. Encryption can be done at the link level, end-to-end, or both for added security.
4)
The document provides an overview of cryptography concepts including encryption, decryption, symmetric cryptosystems, block ciphers, substitution ciphers, the one-time pad, and algorithms such as DES, Triple DES, AES, and others. Key points covered include Kerckhoffs's principle of keeping algorithms public and keys private, how symmetric encryption works between two parties with a shared key, methods of encrypting plaintext in blocks or as a bit stream, techniques like substitution and transposition ciphers, weaknesses of approaches like the Hill cipher, and the history and operation of standard block ciphers.
This document summarizes Chapter 3 of the textbook "Cryptography and Network Security" by William Stallings. It discusses block ciphers and the Data Encryption Standard (DES). Specifically, it provides an overview of modern block ciphers and DES, including the history and design of DES, how it works using a Feistel cipher structure, and analyses of the strength and security of DES. It also covers differential cryptanalysis as an analytic attack against block ciphers like DES.
Caesar Cipher , Substitution Cipher, PlayFair and Vigenere CipherMona Rajput
The document provides information on various historical cryptosystems and ciphers, beginning with a brief overview of symmetric and asymmetric key encryption. It then discusses several manual ciphers such as the Caesar cipher, simple substitution cipher, Playfair cipher, and Vigenere cipher. The Caesar cipher performs monoalphabetic substitution by shifting letters of the alphabet. The simple substitution cipher and Playfair cipher improve security by using permutation or paired letter substitution instead of just shifting. The Vigenere cipher further enhances security by applying multiple Caesar shifts using a keyword. The document also covers the one-time pad cipher and its information theoretic security if the pad is truly random and never reused.
This document summarizes classical encryption techniques such as secret key cryptography, stream ciphers, block ciphers, substitution techniques like the Caesar cipher and Playfair cipher, polyalphabetic ciphers like the Vigenère cipher, and the theoretically unbreakable one-time pad cipher. It explains the basic components and workings of these classical encryption schemes.
The document discusses various cryptographic techniques for encrypting messages. It begins by defining key terminology used in cryptography. It then explains the basic principles of conventional encryption, which uses a secret key shared between the sender and receiver. The document outlines different types of cryptanalytic attacks and describes brute force search attacks. It classifies cryptographic techniques based on the type of operations used, number of keys, and how plaintext is processed. Finally, it provides examples of specific symmetric encryption techniques like the Caesar cipher, Playfair cipher, Vigenère cipher, one-time pad cipher, and transposition ciphers like the rail fence cipher and row transposition cipher.
An introductory presentation on cryptography. From ancient ciphers to modern public key encryption, it follows the evolution of a science and how it affects society.
IS Unit 1_Conventional Encryption_Classical Encryption TechniquesSarthak Patel
The document discusses classical encryption techniques such as the Caesar cipher, monoalphabetic substitution cipher, polyalphabetic ciphers like the Vigenère cipher, and the Playfair cipher. It explains the basic concepts of encryption including plaintext, ciphertext, encryption algorithms, decryption algorithms, and symmetric key cryptography. It also covers cryptanalysis techniques like frequency analysis that can be used to break some classical ciphers. The document is intended to introduce basic concepts of encryption as a precursor to studying modern cryptography.
This document provides information about a cryptography course offered at the University of Washington. It includes details such as the course name and number, instructors, meeting times, recommended texts, and a new lecture schedule. The schedule lists the dates and topics to be covered in each of the 10 lectures, along with the lecturer for each topic.
This document discusses classical encryption techniques such as symmetric encryption, where a shared key is used for encryption and decryption. It defines terminology like plaintext, ciphertext, encryption, and decryption. Symmetric ciphers require a strong algorithm and secret key. Classical ciphers discussed include the Caesar cipher, monoalphabetic ciphers, Playfair cipher, Vigenère cipher, and the one-time pad. It also covers transposition ciphers like the rail fence cipher and steganography.
The document discusses classical encryption techniques such as substitution ciphers like the Caesar cipher and monoalphabetic cipher, transposition ciphers like the rail fence cipher and row transposition cipher, and polyalphabetic ciphers like the Vigenere cipher. It introduces basic concepts and terminology in cryptography such as plaintext, ciphertext, encryption, decryption, and secret keys. The goals are to introduce basic concepts and terminology of encryption and to prepare for studying modern cryptography.
This document summarizes key concepts about block ciphers and the Data Encryption Standard (DES) cipher. It introduces block ciphers and how they operate on message blocks, describes the Feistel cipher structure and its design principles, and provides details on the DES algorithm including its history, design, encryption process, key schedule, and analysis of its security strengths and weaknesses over time. Differential and linear cryptanalysis attacks on block ciphers are also summarized.
The document discusses classical encryption techniques, including symmetric encryption which uses the same key for encryption and decryption. It describes ciphers like the Caesar cipher which substitutes letters by shifting the alphabet, the monoalphabetic cipher with one substitution table, and the polyalphabetic Vigenère cipher which uses multiple substitution alphabets. The document also covers the Playfair cipher which encrypts letters in pairs using a 5x5 keyword matrix, and discusses cryptanalysis techniques for breaking classical ciphers.
Classical Encryption Techniques in Network Securitybabak danyal
The document provides an overview of classical encryption techniques, including: symmetric ciphers that use the same key for encryption and decryption (such as the Caesar cipher, monoalphabetic ciphers like the Playfair cipher, and polyalphabetic ciphers like the Vigenère cipher) as well as transposition techniques that rearrange plaintext; rotor machines like the Enigma that implemented complex polyalphabetic substitution; and steganography that hides messages within other files or messages. The goal is to introduce basic concepts and terminology of encryption to prepare for studying modern cryptography.
This document discusses product ciphers, which combine substitution and transposition ciphers for stronger encryption. It provides an example of encrypting the plaintext "COMPUTER" using a two-step product cipher. First, substitution encryption is done using a 6x6 matrix. Then, transposition encryption is performed by rearranging the ciphertext columns according to a keyword. The document explains how to encrypt another plaintext "CRYPTOGRAPHY" using the same technique with a different keyword.
This document provides a tutorial on linear and differential cryptanalysis. It summarizes the attacks and applies them to a simple substitution-permutation network cipher as an example. The tutorial explains how to construct linear expressions to exploit the nonlinear properties of the cipher's S-boxes. It also introduces the "piling-up principle", which shows that combining independent biased variables results in a cumulative bias according to a simple formula. The overall goal is to provide an intuitive explanation of these cryptanalysis techniques for novice cryptanalysts.
This PPT explains about the term "Cryptography - Encryption & Decryption".
This PPT is for beginners and for intermediate developers who want to learn about Cryptography.
I have also explained some famous ciphers like AES, DES and RSA.
Do not forget to like.
This document discusses symmetric cryptography and provides an overview of symmetric cipher systems including stream ciphers like the Vernam cipher and one-time pad, as well as block ciphers like DES, Triple DES, and AES. It describes the basic components of a symmetric cipher model and the properties and modes of operation for symmetric encryption algorithms. Key topics covered include the Feistel cipher structure used by DES, the cryptanalysis of DES leading to its replacement by AES, and the advantages and disadvantages of stream and block ciphers.
- Substitution techniques involve replacing the letters of plaintext with other letters, numbers or symbols. The main substitution techniques are Caesar cipher, monoalphabetic cipher, Playfair cipher and Hill cipher.
- The Caesar cipher replaces each letter with the letter three positions down the alphabet. The monoalphabetic cipher uses a single alphabetic key for the entire message. The Playfair cipher encrypts pairs of letters based on a 5x5 grid generated from a keyword. The Hill cipher encrypts blocks of letters as numerical values using a matrix-based approach.
This document discusses conventional encryption principles and algorithms. It covers the following key points:
1) Conventional encryption uses an encryption algorithm, secret key, and decryption algorithm to encrypt plaintext into ciphertext and decrypt ciphertext back to plaintext. The security depends on keeping the key secret, not the algorithm.
2) Common symmetric encryption algorithms discussed include DES, Triple DES, Blowfish, RC5, and CAST-128. Key sizes and number of rounds are important parameters for security.
3) Modes of operation like cipher block chaining are used to encrypt blocks of plaintext. Encryption can be done at the link level, end-to-end, or both for added security.
4)
The document provides an overview of cryptography concepts including encryption, decryption, symmetric cryptosystems, block ciphers, substitution ciphers, the one-time pad, and algorithms such as DES, Triple DES, AES, and others. Key points covered include Kerckhoffs's principle of keeping algorithms public and keys private, how symmetric encryption works between two parties with a shared key, methods of encrypting plaintext in blocks or as a bit stream, techniques like substitution and transposition ciphers, weaknesses of approaches like the Hill cipher, and the history and operation of standard block ciphers.
This document summarizes Chapter 3 of the textbook "Cryptography and Network Security" by William Stallings. It discusses block ciphers and the Data Encryption Standard (DES). Specifically, it provides an overview of modern block ciphers and DES, including the history and design of DES, how it works using a Feistel cipher structure, and analyses of the strength and security of DES. It also covers differential cryptanalysis as an analytic attack against block ciphers like DES.
Caesar Cipher , Substitution Cipher, PlayFair and Vigenere CipherMona Rajput
The document provides information on various historical cryptosystems and ciphers, beginning with a brief overview of symmetric and asymmetric key encryption. It then discusses several manual ciphers such as the Caesar cipher, simple substitution cipher, Playfair cipher, and Vigenere cipher. The Caesar cipher performs monoalphabetic substitution by shifting letters of the alphabet. The simple substitution cipher and Playfair cipher improve security by using permutation or paired letter substitution instead of just shifting. The Vigenere cipher further enhances security by applying multiple Caesar shifts using a keyword. The document also covers the one-time pad cipher and its information theoretic security if the pad is truly random and never reused.
This document summarizes classical encryption techniques such as secret key cryptography, stream ciphers, block ciphers, substitution techniques like the Caesar cipher and Playfair cipher, polyalphabetic ciphers like the Vigenère cipher, and the theoretically unbreakable one-time pad cipher. It explains the basic components and workings of these classical encryption schemes.
The document discusses various cryptographic techniques for encrypting messages. It begins by defining key terminology used in cryptography. It then explains the basic principles of conventional encryption, which uses a secret key shared between the sender and receiver. The document outlines different types of cryptanalytic attacks and describes brute force search attacks. It classifies cryptographic techniques based on the type of operations used, number of keys, and how plaintext is processed. Finally, it provides examples of specific symmetric encryption techniques like the Caesar cipher, Playfair cipher, Vigenère cipher, one-time pad cipher, and transposition ciphers like the rail fence cipher and row transposition cipher.
An introductory presentation on cryptography. From ancient ciphers to modern public key encryption, it follows the evolution of a science and how it affects society.
IS Unit 1_Conventional Encryption_Classical Encryption TechniquesSarthak Patel
The document discusses classical encryption techniques such as the Caesar cipher, monoalphabetic substitution cipher, polyalphabetic ciphers like the Vigenère cipher, and the Playfair cipher. It explains the basic concepts of encryption including plaintext, ciphertext, encryption algorithms, decryption algorithms, and symmetric key cryptography. It also covers cryptanalysis techniques like frequency analysis that can be used to break some classical ciphers. The document is intended to introduce basic concepts of encryption as a precursor to studying modern cryptography.
This document provides information about a cryptography course offered at the University of Washington. It includes details such as the course name and number, instructors, meeting times, recommended texts, and a new lecture schedule. The schedule lists the dates and topics to be covered in each of the 10 lectures, along with the lecturer for each topic.
This document discusses classical encryption techniques such as symmetric encryption, where a shared key is used for encryption and decryption. It defines terminology like plaintext, ciphertext, encryption, and decryption. Symmetric ciphers require a strong algorithm and secret key. Classical ciphers discussed include the Caesar cipher, monoalphabetic ciphers, Playfair cipher, Vigenère cipher, and the one-time pad. It also covers transposition ciphers like the rail fence cipher and steganography.
This document provides an overview of cryptography concepts and techniques. It defines cryptography and its principles such as symmetric and asymmetric ciphers. It then describes various classical encryption techniques like the Caesar cipher, monoalphabetic and polyalphabetic ciphers, the Playfair cipher, Hill cipher, and the Vernam cipher. For each technique, it explains the encryption and decryption algorithms and provides examples to illustrate how they work. The document also discusses cryptanalysis techniques like brute force attacks that can be used to break certain ciphers.
Enhancing security of caesar cipher using differenteSAT Journals
Abstract Cryptography is an art and science of converting original message into non readable form. There are two techniques for converting data into no readable form:1)Transposition technique 2)Substitution technique. Caesar cipher is an example of substitution method. As Caesar cipher has various limitations so this talk will present a perspective on combination of techniques substitution and transposition. In this paper I have focused on the well known classical techniques the aim was to induce some strength to these classical encryption for that purpose I blended classical encryption with the some more techniques. my proposed method showed that it is better in terms of providing more security to any given text message. In our experiments I took Caesaer Ciphers as representatives of Classical Techniques. To make it more secure I have used some techniques like I have used multiple level Row Transposition Ciphers, encryption with same key at each level and encryption with different key at each level. Keywords— substitution, transposition, cryptography, Caesar cipher
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Basic Talk. 90 minute talk to an audience of Freshmen and Sophomores of IIT Bombay on 23/02/10 as a part of Science Week. Organised by Web and Coding Club. Place: GG 101 (Elec Department)
The document summarizes classical encryption techniques, including:
- Symmetric encryption uses a shared key between sender and receiver for encryption/decryption.
- Early techniques included the Caesar cipher (shifting letters), monoalphabetic cipher (mapping each letter to another), and Playfair cipher (encrypting letter pairs).
- The Vigenère cipher improved security by using a keyword to select different Caesar ciphers for successive letters, making it a polyalphabetic cipher.
This document provides an overview of cryptography and its applications. It discusses the history of cryptography beginning in ancient Egypt. It defines basic cryptography terminology like plaintext, ciphertext, cipher, key, encryption, decryption, cryptography, and cryptanalysis. It describes classical ciphers like the Caesar cipher and substitution ciphers. It also discusses cryptanalysis techniques, transposition ciphers, modern symmetric ciphers, public key cryptography including RSA, key distribution methods, and hybrid encryption.
This document provides an overview of symmetric key cryptography topics including the mathematics behind substitution and transposition ciphers, classical ciphers like the Caesar cipher and Playfair cipher, polyalphabetic ciphers like the Vigenère cipher, transposition ciphers like the rail fence cipher, modern block ciphers like the Data Encryption Standard (DES) and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). It describes the basic structure, encryption process, key scheduling, and strengths/weaknesses of DES and AES.
Multiple Encryption using ECC and Its Time Complexity AnalysisIJCERT
Rapid growth of information technology in present era, secure communication, strong data encryption technique and trusted third party are considered to be major topics of study. Robust encryption algorithm development to secure sensitive data is of great significance among researchers at present. The conventional methods of encryption used as of today may not sufficient and therefore new ideas for the purpose are to be design, analyze and need to be fit into the existing system of security to provide protection of our data from unauthorized access. An effective encryption/ decryption algorithm design to enhance data security is a challenging task while computation, complexity, robustness etc. are concerned. The multiple encryption technique is a process of applying encryption over a single encryption process in a number of iteration. Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is well known and well accepted cryptographic algorithm and used in many application as of today. In this paper, we discuss multiple encryptions and analyze the computation overhead in the process and study the feasibility of practical application. In the process we use ECC as a multiple-ECC algorithm and try to analyze degree of security, encryption/decryption computation time and complexity of the algorithm. Performance measure of the algorithm is evaluated by analyzing encryption time as well as decryption time in single ECC as well as multiple-ECC are compared with the help of various examples.
This document provides an overview of cryptography topics including:
- Introduction to cryptography, cryptanalysis, and cryptology. Cryptography involves encoding messages, cryptanalysis involves decoding without the key, and cryptology is the combination.
- Substitution techniques like the Caesar cipher which shifts letters and mono-alphabetic ciphers with random substitution.
- Transposition techniques like rail fence cipher which writes the text across multiple "rails" and columnar transposition which writes in rows and reads out columns.
- Symmetric cryptography uses the same key for encryption and decryption while asymmetric uses different keys.
This document summarizes information security concepts related to symmetric encryption, message authentication, and hash algorithms. It discusses symmetric encryption principles, algorithms like DES and AES, cipher block modes of operation, and key distribution approaches. It also covers message authentication using hash functions and HMAC, as well as secure hash functions. Cryptography techniques like conventional encryption, public key cryptography, digital signatures, and certificates are summarized. Specific symmetric encryption algorithms like Caesar ciphers, monoalphabetic ciphers, Playfair ciphers, and their working are explained at a high level. Cryptanalysis techniques like ciphertext-only attacks, known-plaintext attacks, chosen-plaintext attacks, and chosen-ciphertext attacks are also briefly outlined.
One Time Pad (OTP) encryption is the only proven unbreakable cryptographic system. It works by combining a randomly generated key pad with the plaintext message. Each letter is encrypted by adding it to the corresponding letter on the pad. To decrypt, the inverse is done by subtracting. OTPs must be used only once and then destroyed to maintain security. Examples are provided of encrypting and decrypting messages using an OTP to demonstrate how it works.
Cryptography is the science of secure and hidden communication. It has two main components - encryption and authentication & integrity. Encryption involves hiding messages so that only the intended recipient can read them, while authentication & integrity ensures users are who they claim to be and messages are not altered. Popular symmetric encryption algorithms like DES and AES use the same key for encryption and decryption, while asymmetric algorithms like RSA use different public and private keys to encrypt and decrypt. Cryptanalysis involves analyzing and attempting to break encryption methods.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
This document provides an introduction and overview of information system security. It covers topics such as security attacks, services, and mechanisms. The document is divided into multiple units that cover encryption techniques like the Data Encryption Standard (DES) and advanced topics such as public key cryptosystems, hash functions, and IP security. DES encryption is explained in detail, covering aspects like its history, design, encryption process, key generation, decryption, and strengths/limitations. Feistel ciphers and their design principles are also summarized.
The document discusses various techniques for encrypting messages to provide security in communication. It describes:
1. Traditional encryption techniques like the Caesar cipher, monoalphabetic ciphers, the Playfair cipher, and polyalphabetic ciphers like the Vigenere cipher. These techniques encrypt messages by substituting or transposing letters.
2. The importance of keeping encryption algorithms and keys secret to prevent cryptanalysis attacks. Brute force attacks try every possible key to decrypt messages.
3. How more advanced techniques like using multiple cipher alphabets and large keys spaces make cryptanalysis much more difficult compared to simple ciphers like the Caesar cipher.
Novel Algorithm For Encryption:Hybrid of Transposition and Substitution MethodIDES Editor
This paper proposes a novel encryption algorithm that is a hybrid of transposition and substitution methods. The algorithm encrypts messages without using an external key, as the key is derived from characteristics of the original message itself. This solves the problem of securely exchanging keys. Both transposition and substitution have limitations individually, so the hybrid approach results in a more secure cipher. The encryption process involves converting characters to ASCII codes, grouping characters, and reversing the order within groups. Decryption reverses these steps to retrieve the original plaintext. The algorithm aims to provide strong security without relying on external keys.
This document provides an introduction to cryptography and cryptanalysis. It contains a table of contents outlining the topics to be covered, which include the history and concepts of cryptography, symmetric and public key cryptosystems, cryptanalysis techniques, and applications of cryptography such as digital signatures and internet security protocols. The author thanks several people who provided input and acknowledges that any mistakes are their own. It also includes a crash course on basic number theory concepts relevant to cryptography.
Procedures and functions are named PL/SQL blocks that perform specific tasks. Procedures can return values using OUT and IN OUT parameters but are not required to, while functions must return a value of a specified datatype. Procedures are executed using EXECUTE or within other procedures, while functions can also be used in SELECT statements. Parameters can be used to pass values into and return values from both procedures and functions.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help regulate emotions and stress levels.
Cryptography and network Security
The Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a symmetric-key block cipher published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
The Chinese Reminder Theorem is used to solve a set of congruent equations with one variable but different moduli that are relatively prime. It involves finding a common modulus M by multiplying all the moduli, and coefficients Mi that are inverses of the moduli. The answer is then the sum of the products of the coefficients, original numbers, and inverse coefficients, taken modulo the common modulus M. For example, to solve the set of congruent equations A ≡ 2 (mod 3), A ≡ 3 (mod 5), A ≡ 2 (mod 7), the common modulus is M = 3*5*7 = 105, the coefficients are M1 = 35, M2 = 21, M3 = 15
This document discusses Euler's theorem and Euler's totient function. Euler's theorem states that for any numbers a and n that are relatively prime, a^F(n) is congruent to 1 modulo n, where F(n) is Euler's totient function. The totient function returns the number of positive integers less than n that are relatively prime to n. The document then lists four properties of the totient function and provides examples to illustrate how it can be used to find the totient of various numbers. It concludes by listing numbers to test the reader's understanding of applying the totient function.
1. Public speaking is the process of communicating information to an audience and is a valuable skill both personally and professionally.
2. Good public speakers appear confident, friendly, and energetic through preparing well, enjoying their topic, smiling, and choosing a topic they are knowledgeable about.
3. Voice control, body language, delivery, and audience relations are important aspects of public speaking. Voice is controlled through diaphragmatic breathing and by varying tone, pitch, and volume, while body language, slow clear delivery, eye contact and acknowledging the audience are also emphasized.
This document discusses communication skills and effective communication. It defines communication as conveying messages through ideas, opinions, thoughts, feelings and more using speech, writing, gestures or symbols. There are three main ways of communication - aggressive, passive, and assertive. Assertive communication respects both oneself and others. Barriers to effective communication include poor listening skills, unclear or inconsistent speaking, and making assumptions. Components of communication include verbal and non-verbal aspects as well as listening. The document provides tips for reducing communication gaps such as planning, listening, justifying positions without upsetting others, and being transparent.
This document provides an overview of cryptography and network security concepts from the textbook "Cryptography & Network Security" by William Stallings. It covers topics like confidentiality, integrity, availability, security threats/attacks, security services, security mechanisms, and the OSI security architecture. The document includes chapter objectives, definitions of key terms, descriptions of security concepts, examples, and review questions. The overall purpose is to introduce fundamental cryptography and network security principles.
The document discusses the topic of Internet of Things (IoT). It begins with defining IoT as the network of physical objects embedded with electronics, software and sensors that enables them to exchange data. The document then covers IoT market predictions and size, popular IoT devices, job opportunities in IoT, impact of COVID-19 on advancing IoT in healthcare, and platforms and tools to get started with IoT development including microcontrollers, communication protocols and cloud platforms.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
2. 14ITT71-CryptographyandNetworkSecurity
Jeevanantham Arumugam B.E.,M.S(U.K),Assistant Professor,Dept. of IT
Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
• Present an overview of the main concepts of symmetric cryptography.
• Explain the difference between cryptanalysis and brute-force attack.
• Understand the operation of a monoalphabetic substitution cipher.
• Understand the operation of a polyalphabetic cipher.
• Present an overview of the Hill cipher.
• Describe the operation of a Transposition Technique.
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3. 14ITT71-CryptographyandNetworkSecurity
Jeevanantham Arumugam B.E.,M.S(U.K),Assistant Professor,Dept. of IT
Basic Terms
• An original message is known as the plaintext
• The coded message is called the ciphertext
• The process of convert- ing from plaintext to ciphertext is known as enciphering or
encryption
• Restoring the plaintext from the ciphertext is deciphering or decryption
• The area of study known as cryptography
• Techniques used for deciphering a message without any knowledge of the enciphering
details fall into the area of cryptanalysis [“breaking the code”]
• The areas of cryptography and cryptanalysis together are called cryptology
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4. 14ITT71-CryptographyandNetworkSecurity
Jeevanantham Arumugam B.E.,M.S(U.K),Assistant Professor,Dept. of IT
Simplified Model of Symmetric Encryption
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Plaintext
input
Y = E(K, X) X = D(K, Y)
X
K K
Transmitted
ciphertext
Plaintext
output
Secret key shared by
sender and recipient
Secret key shared by
sender and recipient
Encryption algorithm
(e.g., AES)
Decryption algorithm
(reverse of encryption
algorithm)
Figure 3.1 Simplified Model of Symmetric Encryption
5. 14ITT71-CryptographyandNetworkSecurity
Jeevanantham Arumugam B.E.,M.S(U.K),Assistant Professor,Dept. of IT
Symmetric Cipher Model
There are two requirements for secure use of conventional encryption:
•A strong encryption algorithm
•Sender and receiver must have obtained copies of the secret key in a secure
fashion and must keep the key secure
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7. 14ITT71-CryptographyandNetworkSecurity
Jeevanantham Arumugam B.E.,M.S(U.K),Assistant Professor,Dept. of IT
Cryptographic Systems
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Characterized along three independent dimensions:
The way in
which the
plaintext is
processed
Block
cipher
Stream
cipher
The type of operations
used for transforming
plaintext to ciphertext
The number of keys
used
Transposition
Substitution
Symmetric, single-key,
secret-key, conventional
encryption
Asymmetric, two-key, or
public-key encryption
1
2
3
8. 14ITT71-CryptographyandNetworkSecurity
Jeevanantham Arumugam B.E.,M.S(U.K),Assistant Professor,Dept. of IT
Cryptanalysis and Brute-Force Attack
• Cryptanalysis: Cryptanalytic attacks rely on the nature of the
algorithm plus perhaps some knowledge of the general characteristics
of the plaintext or even some sample plaintext–cipher text pairs. This
type of attack exploits the characteristics of the algorithm to attempt
to deduce a specific plaintext or to deduce the key being used.
• Brute-force attack: The attacker tries every possible key on a piece
of cipher- text until an intelligible translation into plaintext is
obtained. On average, half of all possible keys must be tried to
achieve success.
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10. 14ITT71-CryptographyandNetworkSecurity
Jeevanantham Arumugam B.E.,M.S(U.K),Assistant Professor,Dept. of IT
Substitution Technique
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If the plaintext is viewed as a sequence of bits, then
substitution involves replacing plaintext bit patterns with
ciphertext bit patterns
Is one in which the letters of plaintext are replaced by other
letters or by numbers or symbols
11. 14ITT71-CryptographyandNetworkSecurity
Jeevanantham Arumugam B.E.,M.S(U.K),Assistant Professor,Dept. of IT
Caesar Cipher
• Simplest and earliest known use of a substitution cipher
• Used by Julius Caesar
• Involves replacing each letter of the alphabet with the letter standing three
places further down the alphabet
• Alphabet is wrapped around so that the letter following Z is A
plain: meet me after the toga party
cipher: PHHW PH DIWHU WKH WRJD SDUWB
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12. 14ITT71-CryptographyandNetworkSecurity
Jeevanantham Arumugam B.E.,M.S(U.K),Assistant Professor,Dept. of IT
Caesar Cipher Algorithm
Can define transformation as:
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C
Mathematically give each letter a number
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
•
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Algorithm can be expressed as
c = E(3, p) = (p + 3) mod (26)
A shift may be of any amount, so that the
general Caesar algorithm is
C = E(k , p ) = (p + k ) mod 26
Where k takes on a value in the range 1 to 25;
the decryption algorithm is simply
p = D(k , C ) = (C - k ) mod 26
13. 14ITT71-CryptographyandNetworkSecurity
Jeevanantham Arumugam B.E.,M.S(U.K),Assistant Professor,Dept. of IT
Brute-Force Cryptanalysis of Caesar Cipher
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Three important characteristics of
this problem enabled us to use a
brute- force cryptanalysis:
1. The encryption and decryption
algorithms are known
2. There are only 25 keys to try.
3. The language of the plaintext is
known and easily recognisable.
14. 14ITT71-CryptographyandNetworkSecurity
Jeevanantham Arumugam B.E.,M.S(U.K),Assistant Professor,Dept. of IT
Monoalphabetic Cipher
• Rather than just shifting the alphabet
• Could shuffle (jumble) the letters arbitrarily
• Each plaintext letter maps to a different random cipher text letter
• hence key is 26 letters long
Plain: abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
Cipher: DKVQFIBJWPESCXHTMYAUOLRGZN
Plaintext: ifwewishtoreplaceletters
Cipher text: WIRFRWAJUHYFTSDVFSFUUFYA
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16. 14ITT71-CryptographyandNetworkSecurity
Jeevanantham Arumugam B.E.,M.S(U.K),Assistant Professor,Dept. of IT
Language Redundancy and
Cryptanalysis
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• Human languages are redundant
• Letters are not equally commonly used
• The English letter e is by far the most common letter
• Then T,R,N,I,O,A,S
• Other letters are fairly rare
• Z,J,K,Q,X
18. 14ITT71-CryptographyandNetworkSecurity
Jeevanantham Arumugam B.E.,M.S(U.K),Assistant Professor,Dept. of IT
Playfair Cipher
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• Not even the large number of keys in a monoalphabetic cipher provides security
• One approach to improving security was to encrypt multiple letters
• Invented by Charles Wheatstone in 1854, but named after his friend Baron
Playfair
20. 14ITT71-CryptographyandNetworkSecurity
Jeevanantham Arumugam B.E.,M.S(U.K),Assistant Professor,Dept. of IT
Encrypting and Decrypting
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Plaintext encrypted two letters at a time:
–if a pair is a repeated letter, insert a filler like 'X',
eg. "balloon" encrypts as "ba lx lo on"
–if both letters fall in the same row, replace each with letter to right (wrapping back
to start from end),
eg. “ar" encrypts as “RM”
–if both letters fall in the same column, replace each with the letter below it (again
wrapping to top from bottom),
eg. “mu" encrypts to "CM"
–otherwise each letter is replaced by the one in its row in the column of the other
letter of the pair, eg. “hs" encrypts to "BP", and “ea" to "IM" or "JM"
21. 14ITT71-CryptographyandNetworkSecurity
Jeevanantham Arumugam B.E.,M.S(U.K),Assistant Professor,Dept. of IT
Security of the Playfair Cipher
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• Security much improved over monoalphabetic
• Since have 26 x 26 = 676 digrams
• Need a 676 entry frequency table to analyse (verses 26 for a monoalphabetic)
• Correspondingly more ciphertext
• Widely used for many years (eg. US & British military in WW1)
• It can be broken, given a few hundred letters
22. 14ITT71-CryptographyandNetworkSecurity
Jeevanantham Arumugam B.E.,M.S(U.K),Assistant Professor,Dept. of IT
Polyalphabetic Ciphers
Polyalphabetic substitution cipher
• Improves on the simple monoalphabetic technique by using different
monoalphabetic substitutions as one proceeds through the plaintext
message
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All these techniques have the following features in common:
• A set of related monoalphabetic substitution rules is used
• A key determines which particular rule is chosen for a given transformation
23. 14ITT71-CryptographyandNetworkSecurity
Jeevanantham Arumugam B.E.,M.S(U.K),Assistant Professor,Dept. of IT
Vigenère Cipher
• Best known and one of the simplest polyalphabetic substitution ciphers
• In this scheme the set of related monoalphabetic substitution rules consists of the
26 Caesar ciphers with shifts of 0 through 25
• Each cipher is denoted by a key letter which is the ciphertext letter that substitutes
for the plaintext letter a
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24. 14ITT71-CryptographyandNetworkSecurity
Jeevanantham Arumugam B.E.,M.S(U.K),Assistant Professor,Dept. of IT
Example of Vigenère Cipher
• To encrypt a message, a key is needed that is as long as the message
• Usually, the key is a repeating keyword
• For example, if the keyword is deceptive, the message “we are discovered save
yourself” is encrypted as:
key: deceptivedeceptivedeceptive
plaintext: wearediscoveredsaveyourself
ciphertext: ZICVTWQNGRZGVTWAVZHCQYGLMGJ
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25. 14ITT71-CryptographyandNetworkSecurity
Jeevanantham Arumugam B.E.,M.S(U.K),Assistant Professor,Dept. of IT
Vigenère Autokey System
A keyword is concatenated with the plaintext itself to provide a running key
Example:
key: deceptivewearediscoveredsav
plaintext: wearediscoveredsaveyourself
ciphertext: ZICVTWQNGKZEIIGASXSTSLVVWLA
Even this scheme is vulnerable to cryptanalysis
• Because the key and the plaintext share the same frequency distribution of
letters, a statistical technique can be applied
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27. 14ITT71-CryptographyandNetworkSecurity
Jeevanantham Arumugam B.E.,M.S(U.K),Assistant Professor,Dept. of IT
One-Time Pad
• Improvement to Vernam cipher proposed by an Army Signal Corp officer, Joseph
Mauborgne
• Use a random key that is as long as the message so that the key need not be repeated
• Key is used to encrypt and decrypt a single message and then is discarded
• Each new message requires a new key of the same length as the new message
• Scheme is unbreakable
• Produces random output that bears no statistical relationship to the plaintext
• Because the ciphertext contains no information whatsoever about the plaintext, there
is simply no way to break the code
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28. 14ITT71-CryptographyandNetworkSecurity
Jeevanantham Arumugam B.E.,M.S(U.K),Assistant Professor,Dept. of IT
Difficulties
• The one-time pad offers complete security but, in practice, has two fundamental
difficulties:
• There is the practical problem of making large quantities of random keys
• Any heavily used system might require millions of random characters on a
regular basis
• Mammoth key distribution problem
• For every message to be sent, a key of equal length is needed by both sender and
receiver
• Because of these difficulties, the one-time pad is of limited utility
• Useful primarily for low-bandwidth channels requiring very high security
• The one-time pad is the only cryptosystem that exhibits perfect secrecy (see Appendix
F)
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29. 14ITT71-CryptographyandNetworkSecurity
Jeevanantham Arumugam B.E.,M.S(U.K),Assistant Professor,Dept. of IT
Rail Fence Cipher
• Simplest transposition cipher
• Plaintext is written down as a sequence of diagonals and then read off as a
sequence of rows
• To encipher the message “meet me after the toga party” with a rail fence of
depth 2, we would write:
m e m a t r h t g p r y
e t e f e t e o a a t
Encrypted message is:
MEMATRHTGPRYETEFETEOAAT
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30. 14ITT71-CryptographyandNetworkSecurity
Jeevanantham Arumugam B.E.,M.S(U.K),Assistant Professor,Dept. of IT
Row Transposition Cipher
• Is a more complex transposition
• Write the message in a rectangle, row by row, and read the message off, column by
column, but permute the order of the columns
• The order of the columns then becomes the key to the algorithm
Key: 4 3 1 2 5 6 7
Plaintext: a t t a c k p
o s t p o n e
d u n t i l t
w o a mx y z
Ciphertext: TTNAAPTMTSUOAODWCOIXKNLYPETZ
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