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Data Encryption Standard

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J
JeevananthamArumugam

Cryptography and network Security The Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a symmetric-key block cipher published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).

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Jeevanantham Arumugam Data Encryption Standard (DES) Published in 1977 & Standardised in 1979 Key = 64 bits Every 8th bit is a parity bit 64-8 = 56 bits Plain Text = 64 bits Cipher Text = 64 bits No of Rounds = 16 Follows Feistal Structure No of Sub Key = 16 Sub Key Size = 48 bits
Jeevanantham Arumugam General Structure of DES
Jeevanantham Arumugam DES Single Round Operation
Jeevanantham Arumugam DES Example Plain Text : 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F DES Example Key : 1 3 3 4 5 7 7 9 9 B B C D F F 1 DES Example 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 3 3 4 5 7 7 9 9 B B C D F F 1
Jeevanantham Arumugam Initial Permutation
Jeevanantham Arumugam Plain Text : 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F INITIAL PERMUTATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 58 50 42 34 26 18 10 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 60 52 44 36 28 20 12 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 62 54 46 38 30 22 14 6 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 64 56 48 40 32 24 16 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 57 49 41 33 25 17 9 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 59 51 43 35 27 19 11 3 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 61 53 45 37 29 21 13 5 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 63 55 47 39 31 23 15 7 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 L0 R0 Initial Permutation
Jeevanantham Arumugam Round 1
Jeevanantham Arumugam E Table 58 50 42 34 26 18 10 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 60 52 44 36 28 20 12 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 62 54 46 38 30 22 14 6 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 64 56 48 40 32 24 16 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 57 49 41 33 25 17 9 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 59 51 43 35 27 19 11 3 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 61 53 45 37 29 21 13 5 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 63 55 47 39 31 23 15 7 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 EXPANSION (E-TABLE)R0 32 bits 48 bits 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 L0 R0 32 bits E-Table L0 R0
Jeevanantham Arumugam EXPANSION (E-TABLE) 32 bits 48 bits 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 32 bits E-Table 32 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 1 1 1 0 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 0 0 0 1 8 9 10 11 12 13 0 1 0 1 0 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 0 1 0 1 0 1 16 17 18 19 20 21 0 1 1 1 1 0 20 21 22 23 24 25 1 0 0 0 0 1 24 25 26 27 28 29 0 1 0 1 0 1 28 29 30 31 32 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 48 Bits R0 E(R0) E Table
Jeevanantham Arumugam Key - Parity Drop
Jeevanantham Arumugam Key : 1 3 3 4 5 7 7 9 9 B B C D F F 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 3 3 4 5 7 7 9 9 B B C D F F 1 57 49 41 33 25 17 9 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 58 50 42 34 26 18 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 10 2 59 51 43 35 27 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 19 11 3 60 52 44 36 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 63 55 47 39 31 23 15 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 7 62 54 46 38 30 22 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 14 6 61 53 45 37 29 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 21 13 5 28 20 12 4 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 C0 D0 PARITY DROPKEY 56 Bits 64 bits Key - Parity Drop
Jeevanantham Arumugam PARITY DROP C0 D0 Left Shift Left Shift C0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1D0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 LS(C0) LS(D0) = = C1 D2 Left Shift
Jeevanantham Arumugam 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 LS(C0) LS(D0) 14 17 11 24 1 5 0 0 0 1 1 0 3 28 15 6 21 10 1 1 0 0 0 0 23 19 12 4 26 8 0 0 1 0 1 1 16 7 27 20 13 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 41 52 31 37 47 55 1 1 1 1 1 1 30 40 51 45 33 48 0 0 0 1 1 1 44 49 39 56 34 53 0 0 0 0 0 1 46 42 50 36 29 32 1 1 0 0 1 0 48 Bits K1= D Box
Jeevanantham Arumugam K1 E(R0) XOR 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 E(R0) XOR K1
Jeevanantham Arumugam 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 S BOX 48 Bits 32 Bits S Box
Jeevanantham Arumugam 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 S1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 4 13 1 2 15 11 8 3 10 6 12 5 9 0 7 7 1 0 15 7 4 14 2 13 1 10 6 12 11 9 5 3 8 2 4 1 14 8 13 6 2 11 15 12 9 7 3 10 5 0 3 15 12 8 2 4 9 1 7 5 11 3 14 10 0 6 13 S2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 15 1 8 14 6 11 3 4 9 7 2 13 12 0 5 10 1 3 13 4 7 15 2 8 14 12 0 1 10 6 9 11 5 2 0 14 7 11 10 4 13 1 5 8 12 6 9 3 2 15 3 13 8 10 1 3 15 4 2 11 6 7 12 0 5 14 9 S3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 10 0 9 14 6 3 15 5 1 13 12 7 11 4 2 8 1 13 7 0 9 3 4 6 10 2 8 5 14 12 11 15 1 2 13 6 4 9 8 15 3 0 11 1 2 12 5 10 14 7 3 1 10 13 0 6 9 8 7 4 15 14 3 11 5 2 12 S4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 7 13 14 3 0 6 9 10 1 2 8 5 11 12 4 15 1 13 8 11 5 6 15 0 3 4 7 2 12 1 10 14 9 2 10 6 9 0 12 11 7 13 15 1 3 14 5 2 8 4 3 3 15 0 6 10 1 13 8 9 4 5 11 12 7 2 14 S5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 2 12 4 1 7 10 11 6 8 5 3 15 13 0 14 9 1 14 11 2 12 4 7 13 1 5 0 15 10 3 9 8 6 2 4 2 1 11 10 13 7 8 15 9 12 5 6 3 0 14 3 11 8 12 7 1 14 2 13 6 15 0 9 10 4 5 3 S6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 12 1 10 15 9 2 6 8 0 13 3 4 14 7 5 11 1 10 15 4 2 7 12 9 5 6 1 13 14 0 11 3 8 2 9 14 15 5 2 8 12 3 7 0 4 10 1 13 11 6 3 4 3 2 12 9 5 15 10 11 14 1 7 6 0 8 13 S7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 4 11 2 14 15 0 8 13 3 12 9 7 5 10 6 1 1 13 0 11 7 4 9 1 10 14 3 5 12 2 15 8 6 2 1 4 11 13 12 3 7 14 10 15 6 8 0 5 9 2 3 6 11 13 8 1 4 10 7 9 5 0 15 14 2 3 12 S8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 13 2 8 4 6 15 11 1 10 9 3 14 5 0 12 7 1 1 15 13 8 10 3 7 4 12 5 6 11 0 14 9 2 2 7 11 4 1 9 12 14 2 0 6 10 13 15 3 5 8 3 2 1 14 7 4 10 8 13 15 12 9 0 3 5 6 11 1 1 0 0 = = = = = = = = 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 S Box
Jeevanantham Arumugam 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 1 0 0 1 5 6 7 8 1 1 0 0 9 10 11 12 1 0 0 0 13 14 15 16 0 0 1 0 17 18 19 20 1 0 1 1 21 22 23 24 0 1 0 1 25 26 27 28 1 0 0 1 29 30 31 32 0 1 1 1 S BOX 48 Bits 32 Bits S Box
Jeevanantham Arumugam 1 2 3 4 1 0 0 1 5 6 7 8 1 1 0 0 9 10 11 12 1 0 0 0 13 14 15 16 0 0 1 0 17 18 19 20 1 0 1 1 21 22 23 24 0 1 0 1 25 26 27 28 1 0 0 1 29 30 31 32 0 1 1 1 32 Bits 16 7 20 21 0 0 1 0 29 12 28 17 0 0 1 1 1 15 23 26 1 1 0 0 5 18 31 10 1 0 1 0 2 8 24 14 0 0 1 0 32 27 3 9 1 0 0 1 19 13 30 6 1 0 1 1 22 11 4 25 1 0 1 1 32 Bits Permutation
Jeevanantham Arumugam 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 L0 16 7 20 21 0 0 1 0 29 12 28 17 0 0 1 1 1 15 23 26 1 1 0 0 5 18 31 10 1 0 1 0 2 8 24 14 0 0 1 0 32 27 3 9 1 0 0 1 19 13 30 6 1 0 1 1 22 11 4 25 1 0 1 1 P 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 L0 P L0 XOR P L0 XOR P R1 R0 L1 = = L0 XOR P
Jeevanantham Arumugam General Structure of DES

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Data Encryption Standard

  • 1. Jeevanantham Arumugam Data Encryption Standard (DES) Published in 1977 & Standardised in 1979 Key = 64 bits Every 8th bit is a parity bit 64-8 = 56 bits Plain Text = 64 bits Cipher Text = 64 bits No of Rounds = 16 Follows Feistal Structure No of Sub Key = 16 Sub Key Size = 48 bits
  • 4. Jeevanantham Arumugam DES Example Plain Text : 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F DES Example Key : 1 3 3 4 5 7 7 9 9 B B C D F F 1 DES Example 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 3 3 4 5 7 7 9 9 B B C D F F 1
  • 6. Jeevanantham Arumugam Plain Text : 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F INITIAL PERMUTATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 58 50 42 34 26 18 10 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 60 52 44 36 28 20 12 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 62 54 46 38 30 22 14 6 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 64 56 48 40 32 24 16 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 57 49 41 33 25 17 9 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 59 51 43 35 27 19 11 3 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 61 53 45 37 29 21 13 5 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 63 55 47 39 31 23 15 7 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 L0 R0 Initial Permutation
  • 8. Jeevanantham Arumugam E Table 58 50 42 34 26 18 10 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 60 52 44 36 28 20 12 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 62 54 46 38 30 22 14 6 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 64 56 48 40 32 24 16 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 57 49 41 33 25 17 9 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 59 51 43 35 27 19 11 3 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 61 53 45 37 29 21 13 5 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 63 55 47 39 31 23 15 7 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 EXPANSION (E-TABLE)R0 32 bits 48 bits 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 L0 R0 32 bits E-Table L0 R0
  • 9. Jeevanantham Arumugam EXPANSION (E-TABLE) 32 bits 48 bits 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 32 bits E-Table 32 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 1 1 1 0 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 0 0 0 1 8 9 10 11 12 13 0 1 0 1 0 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 0 1 0 1 0 1 16 17 18 19 20 21 0 1 1 1 1 0 20 21 22 23 24 25 1 0 0 0 0 1 24 25 26 27 28 29 0 1 0 1 0 1 28 29 30 31 32 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 48 Bits R0 E(R0) E Table
  • 11. Jeevanantham Arumugam Key : 1 3 3 4 5 7 7 9 9 B B C D F F 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 3 3 4 5 7 7 9 9 B B C D F F 1 57 49 41 33 25 17 9 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 58 50 42 34 26 18 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 10 2 59 51 43 35 27 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 19 11 3 60 52 44 36 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 63 55 47 39 31 23 15 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 7 62 54 46 38 30 22 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 14 6 61 53 45 37 29 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 21 13 5 28 20 12 4 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 C0 D0 PARITY DROPKEY 56 Bits 64 bits Key - Parity Drop
  • 12. Jeevanantham Arumugam PARITY DROP C0 D0 Left Shift Left Shift C0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1D0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 LS(C0) LS(D0) = = C1 D2 Left Shift
  • 13. Jeevanantham Arumugam 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 LS(C0) LS(D0) 14 17 11 24 1 5 0 0 0 1 1 0 3 28 15 6 21 10 1 1 0 0 0 0 23 19 12 4 26 8 0 0 1 0 1 1 16 7 27 20 13 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 41 52 31 37 47 55 1 1 1 1 1 1 30 40 51 45 33 48 0 0 0 1 1 1 44 49 39 56 34 53 0 0 0 0 0 1 46 42 50 36 29 32 1 1 0 0 1 0 48 Bits K1= D Box
  • 14. Jeevanantham Arumugam K1 E(R0) XOR 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 E(R0) XOR K1
  • 15. Jeevanantham Arumugam 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 S BOX 48 Bits 32 Bits S Box
  • 16. Jeevanantham Arumugam 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 S1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 4 13 1 2 15 11 8 3 10 6 12 5 9 0 7 7 1 0 15 7 4 14 2 13 1 10 6 12 11 9 5 3 8 2 4 1 14 8 13 6 2 11 15 12 9 7 3 10 5 0 3 15 12 8 2 4 9 1 7 5 11 3 14 10 0 6 13 S2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 15 1 8 14 6 11 3 4 9 7 2 13 12 0 5 10 1 3 13 4 7 15 2 8 14 12 0 1 10 6 9 11 5 2 0 14 7 11 10 4 13 1 5 8 12 6 9 3 2 15 3 13 8 10 1 3 15 4 2 11 6 7 12 0 5 14 9 S3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 10 0 9 14 6 3 15 5 1 13 12 7 11 4 2 8 1 13 7 0 9 3 4 6 10 2 8 5 14 12 11 15 1 2 13 6 4 9 8 15 3 0 11 1 2 12 5 10 14 7 3 1 10 13 0 6 9 8 7 4 15 14 3 11 5 2 12 S4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 7 13 14 3 0 6 9 10 1 2 8 5 11 12 4 15 1 13 8 11 5 6 15 0 3 4 7 2 12 1 10 14 9 2 10 6 9 0 12 11 7 13 15 1 3 14 5 2 8 4 3 3 15 0 6 10 1 13 8 9 4 5 11 12 7 2 14 S5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 2 12 4 1 7 10 11 6 8 5 3 15 13 0 14 9 1 14 11 2 12 4 7 13 1 5 0 15 10 3 9 8 6 2 4 2 1 11 10 13 7 8 15 9 12 5 6 3 0 14 3 11 8 12 7 1 14 2 13 6 15 0 9 10 4 5 3 S6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 12 1 10 15 9 2 6 8 0 13 3 4 14 7 5 11 1 10 15 4 2 7 12 9 5 6 1 13 14 0 11 3 8 2 9 14 15 5 2 8 12 3 7 0 4 10 1 13 11 6 3 4 3 2 12 9 5 15 10 11 14 1 7 6 0 8 13 S7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 4 11 2 14 15 0 8 13 3 12 9 7 5 10 6 1 1 13 0 11 7 4 9 1 10 14 3 5 12 2 15 8 6 2 1 4 11 13 12 3 7 14 10 15 6 8 0 5 9 2 3 6 11 13 8 1 4 10 7 9 5 0 15 14 2 3 12 S8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 13 2 8 4 6 15 11 1 10 9 3 14 5 0 12 7 1 1 15 13 8 10 3 7 4 12 5 6 11 0 14 9 2 2 7 11 4 1 9 12 14 2 0 6 10 13 15 3 5 8 3 2 1 14 7 4 10 8 13 15 12 9 0 3 5 6 11 1 1 0 0 = = = = = = = = 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 S Box
  • 17. Jeevanantham Arumugam 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 1 0 0 1 5 6 7 8 1 1 0 0 9 10 11 12 1 0 0 0 13 14 15 16 0 0 1 0 17 18 19 20 1 0 1 1 21 22 23 24 0 1 0 1 25 26 27 28 1 0 0 1 29 30 31 32 0 1 1 1 S BOX 48 Bits 32 Bits S Box
  • 18. Jeevanantham Arumugam 1 2 3 4 1 0 0 1 5 6 7 8 1 1 0 0 9 10 11 12 1 0 0 0 13 14 15 16 0 0 1 0 17 18 19 20 1 0 1 1 21 22 23 24 0 1 0 1 25 26 27 28 1 0 0 1 29 30 31 32 0 1 1 1 32 Bits 16 7 20 21 0 0 1 0 29 12 28 17 0 0 1 1 1 15 23 26 1 1 0 0 5 18 31 10 1 0 1 0 2 8 24 14 0 0 1 0 32 27 3 9 1 0 0 1 19 13 30 6 1 0 1 1 22 11 4 25 1 0 1 1 32 Bits Permutation
  • 19. Jeevanantham Arumugam 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 L0 16 7 20 21 0 0 1 0 29 12 28 17 0 0 1 1 1 15 23 26 1 1 0 0 5 18 31 10 1 0 1 0 2 8 24 14 0 0 1 0 32 27 3 9 1 0 0 1 19 13 30 6 1 0 1 1 22 11 4 25 1 0 1 1 P 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 L0 P L0 XOR P L0 XOR P R1 R0 L1 = = L0 XOR P