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Swine Health Management- Learn how to manage the health of your pigs
- 2. TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION A. Maintaining Healthy Environment for Swine B. Common Diseases and Parasites of Swine C. Disease management and Control D. Biosecurity measure in Pig Farm E. Farm Administration / Recording
- 4. WHAT IS A HEALTHY PIG?
- 5. CHARACTERISTICS OF HEALTHY AND SICKLY PIGS HEALTHY SICKLY HAIR COAT Fine /Smooth Dull Haircoat SKIN Clean/ Shiny Dirty / Scaly ACTIVITY Active/ Alert Inactive APETITE Has Good Appetite /Voracious Poor Appetite MOVEMENT Seek Companions With Other Pig Isolate Itself From The Group
- 7. 7 FEVER DIARRHEA COLDS & COUGH WEIGHT LOSS
- 9. Swine Dysentery (Scours) • Body system affected: gastrointestinal • Cause: bacteria • Type of swine affected: 8-14 weeks old • Treatment: antibiotics, sanitation • Symptoms: slows growth of pig; loose, frequent, off-colored feces; lethargy; dehydration
- 10. Actinobacillus (Haemophilus Pneumonia) • Body system affected: respiratory • Cause: bacteria • Type of swine affected: growing- finishing swine • Treatment: antibiotics • Prevention: Vaccine • Symptoms: abdominal breathing, high fever, sudden death
- 11. Leptospirosis • Body system affected: reproductive • Cause: bacteria • Type of Swine affected: boars and sows • Prevention: vaccination program • Symptoms: results in abortion and stillbirths • Transmissible to humans
- 12. Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome • Body system affected: reproductive and respiratory • Cause: virus • Type of swine affected: all • Symptoms: birth of premature litters; stillborn; increased preweaning illness in piglets; respiratory disease in the nursery
- 13. Porcine Stress Syndrome(PSS) • Body system affected: nervous • Cause: genetic • Symptoms/signs: the onset is sudden with muscle tremors, twitching of the face and rapid respiration, skin becomes red and blotched. • Treatment: ineffective • Prevention: cull animals that carry the gene
- 14. PSS Cont’d • Presence of the porcine stress gene in the show pig industry is one of the contributors to “dead or downer” pigs and poor pork quality. • Stress positive pigs exhibit extreme nervousness and excitability when exposed to stressful situations resulting in PSE pork and increased death loss. • Show pig producers should use animals that are stress gene negative (NN) to prevent these problems.
- 15. Parasites • Common Types: Mange, Lice, Roundworms, Threadworms, and Nodular worms • Causes: lack of sanitation • Treatment: spraying with insecticides for mange and lice use of deworming agents on worms • Symptoms: presence of the parasite on the hair or in the feces, loss of hair and scaling of skin, reduced performance.
- 20. 20 ENVIRONMENT trauma / stress toxic substances housing
- 21. 21 INFECTIOUS CAUSES viruses bacteria yeast fungi protozoa parasites
- 22. 22 EXCRETION OF PATHOGENS Sick, but without signs Recovered animals SICK, with symptoms Contaminated pigs
- 23. 23 TRANSMISSION OF PATHOGENS • feces • saliva • tears • urine • skin/ha ir • entrails • vaginal discharg e • milk/ colostru m • meat and meat by- products
- 24. MAINTAINING HEALTHY ANIMAL ENVIRONMENT Controlling Humidity Inside the Animal House or Building • Design of the building • Location of the building • Use of blowers and curtains Controlling Humidity Inside the Animal House or Building • Reduce • Reuse • Recycle
- 25. D BIOSECURIT Y MEASURE IN PIG FARM
- 26. 26 BIOSECURITY A term used to describe a Program which aims to: • prevent the INTRODUCTION of disease agents into the farm • controlling the SPREAD of disease agents within the farm
- 27. 27 PREVENTING THE INTRODUCTION OF PATHOGENS – a Review ISOLATION FACILITY • Minimum of 250 meters (300 yards) • Minimum of 30 days • Blood tests • Acclimatization
- 28. 28 LOCATION • A.O. 04, Series 2004 : Regulating the Distance Between Poultry & Livestock Farms in the Philippines • 3 kms away from the National Highway • 1 km from other farms
- 29. 29 PERIMETER FENCE • Proper fencing and signage • Driveway is gated and locked! PEST/WILDLIFE CONTROL • Rodents – AR, E.coli, Lepto, Rotavirus, Salmonella, SD • Dogs – SD, Brucella • Birds – Bordetella, TB • HCV, PRRS, Influenza, TGE
- 30. 30 FEED • Delivery trucks should remain outside of perimeter fence • Producer and veterinarians should tour the feed mill facility to assess bio security risks! TRANSPORTATION • Truck is disinfected after every load EMPLOYEE CONCERN • “down time” • No routine contact with other swine farms/pigs • No “imported” meat products inside the farm
- 31. 31 VISITOR CONCERN • “No Visitor” policy • Shower and wear farm clothing • No vehicle inside the perimeter fence CLEANING AND DISINFECTION • Removal of all organic materials • Dilution and contact time • “Hardness” of water
- 33. 33 1. Control people movement • “48-hour rule” • A person entering the farm must not come in contact with other animals within the last 48 hours. 2. Shower and change clothes of all caretakers; provide coveralls and boots 3. Footbath system 1. 1st footbath: To wash/scrub booths with diluted detergent to remove manure or dirt 2. 2nd footbath: To dip in a disinfectant solution for 5 minute WHEN THERE IS OUTBREAK IN NEARBY AREAS AND THE FARM IS NOT YET AFFECTED
- 34. 34 4. Check Vaccination Program • With vaccines given in the farm • With the type of disease causing the outbreak 5. Supportive supplements during stress periods • Water medication • Multivitamins in water especially with Vitamins A and E WHEN THERE IS OUTBREAK IN NEARBY AREAS AND THE FARM IS NOT YET AFFECTED
- 35. 35 1. Control people movement within the farm to prevent further spread to other animals/buildings - Designate animal keeper per group of sick animals 2. Proper Farm Hygiene WHEN THE FARM HAS AN OUTBREAK!
- 37. REQUIREMENT OF RECORD KEEPING Accuracy Completeness Timeliness Orderliness Relevance
- 39. ACTIVITY NO. 3 *Create your own Record Book/Card ID (Breeding and Fattening) *2 person per group* 39