bcbv

1. b'wdf x'g] ld;fj^sf] k/LIf)f
/fh s'df/
ltjf/L
kz' lrlsT;s

2. kl/ro
 b'wdf ld;fj^ eGgfn] b'w jf b'Uw kbfy{sf] u')f:t/df x|f; Nofpg'nfO{ eGg
;lsG% . b'w tyf b'Uw kbfy{df x'g] ld;fj^ ;fdfgotof lgDg lsl;dn] ug{]
u/]sf] kfOG% .

3. ld;fj^sf] lsl;dx? M
 kfgLsf] ld;fj^
 lrNnf kbfy{ -kmof^_ lemSg'
 jfSnf] jgfpg :^f{r hGo j:t' ld;fpg'
 /+usf] ld;fj^
 ;f]*fsf] ld;fj^
 lrgLsf] ld;fj^
 ;+/Ifssf] ld;fj^
 l*^/h]G^ tyf PG^Ljfof]l^s cflbsf] ld;fj^

4. kl/If)f ljlwx? M
 :^fr{kl/If)fM
o b'w tyf b'Uw kbfy{x?nfO{ jfSnf] jgfpg :^fr{ o'St vfB kbfy{x? h:t} :^fr{sf] w'nf] cf/f?^sf] w'nf] cfn' t?n cflb ld;fpg]
ul/G% .
o /;fogx?M l^+sr/ cfof]l*g #f]n
 ljlwM
o kf+r ld=nL= b'wdf 2 b]vL 3 yf]kf l^+Sr/ cfof]l*gsf] #f]n /fVbf b'w lgnf] b]lvPdf :^fr{ o'St vfB j:t' ld;fj^ ePsf] yfxf
x'g% .

5. qmdzM
 ;f]*fkl/If)fM
b'w gkmf^f]; eg]/ vfg] ;f]*f ld;fpg] rng % .
 /;fogx?M
1 k|ltzt /f]hf]lnsPl;* 1 u|fd /f]hf]lns Pl;*sf] w'nf] 100 ldln OyfOn cNsf]xn #f]Ng]
 ljlwM
10 ld=ln= b'wdf 10 ld=ln= OyfO{n cNsf]xn -95 k|ltzt_ /fv]/ rnfpg] . To; kl% 2 b]vL 3 yf]kf /f]hf]lnsPl;*sf] #f]n -1
k|ltzt_ xfNbf KofhL /+u b]lvPdf vfg] ;f]*f ld;fPsf] eGg] yfxf x'G% .

6. qmdzM
 lrgLkl/If)fM
 /;fogx?M
l/;f];L{gnsf] #f]n M 1 u|fd l/;f];L{gn w'nf] 100 ld=nL= kfgLdf #f]Ng] .
 ljlwM
5 ld=ln= b'wdf 5 ld=ln= l/;f];L{gnsf] #f]n tyf 5 ld=nL= xfO*<f]Snf]l/s Pl;* /fv]/ #f]Ng] To; kl% To;nfO{ 10 ldg]^
htL jf^/ jfydf ttfpg] . o;/L ttfp+bf /ftf] /+u b]lvPdf lrgL ld;fj^ u/]sf] yfxf x'g% .

7. qmdzM
 kfgLsf]kl/If)fM
 b'wsf] lkm+lh~ KjfOG^ hDg] ljGb' kl/If)f u/]/ b'wdf kfgL ld;fj^sf]
kl/If)f ug{ ;lsG% . Hortvert ljlw k|of]u u/]/ b'w sf] lkm|lh~
KjfOG^ kQf nufpg ;lsG% . b'wsf] hDg] ljGb' olb  0=530 l*=;]=
eGbf sd ePdf kfgL ld;fj^ ePsf] eGg ;lsG% . To:t} ^d{]l/s k]k/
sf] k|of]u u/]/ klg kfgLsf] ld;fj^ kl/If)f ug{ ;lsG% . clnslt b'w
lnP/ To;df ^d{]l/s k]k/ *'jfpg] Tof] k]k/sf] /+u /ftf] ePdf jfXo
kfgL ld;fj^ ePsf] eGg ;lsG% .

8. qmdzM
 cDntfkl/If)fM
 /;fogx?M0=1 Pg ;f]l*od xfO*<f]S;fO*
km]gf}Nkmy]lng
 ljlwM
10 ldln b'w sf]lgsn kmnf:sdf lng] To;df 2 b]vL 3 yf]kf km]gf]Nkmy]lng OG*Ls]^/ /fVg] . To; b'wnfO{ 0=1 Pg ;f]l*od
xfO*<f]S;fO* n] xNsf /ftf] /+u gx'Gh]n ;Dd ^fO^<]zg ug{] o;/L b'wn] hlt ld=ln= 0.1 N Naoh vfG% Tof] /]s*{ /fVg] / ;'q
k|of]u u/]/ b'wsf] cDntf kQf nufpg] .
0.0090 x Naoh sf] dfqf -ld=ln=_ x100
;Òq M = …………………………………………………………………… Ü
b'wsf] dfqf ld=ln=

9. qmdzM
h:t} dfgf} ls 10 ld=ln= b'wnfO{ 0.1 N Naoh n] ^fO^<]zg ubf{ 2 ld=ln= Naoh-;f]l*od xfO*<f]S;fO*_ rflxG% eg] ;'q k|of]u
ubf{
0.0090 x 2 ld=ln= x 100
;Òq M = …………………………………………………………………… Ü
10 ld=ln=
0=18 k|ltzt
;fdfGotoftfhfb'wsf]cDntflgDgk|sf/sf]x'G%.
 ufO{sf] b'wsf] cDntf 0=13 b]vL 0=14 k|ltzt
 e};Lsf] b'wsf] cDntf 0=14 b]vL 0=15 k|ltzt

10. ho kz'wg
wGoafb