The document describes a Class Breakpoint Analyzer tool that evaluates software quality using metrics. The tool extracts metrics like Weighted Methods per Class (WMC), Depth of Inheritance Tree (DIT), Number of Children (NOC), and Lack of Cohesion in Methods (LCOM) from source code. Threshold values for each metric indicate if a class needs restructuring. The tool generates a scorecard to determine if a class is overloaded or saturated. This helps improve reusability of existing software and evaluate code quality for junior programmers. The tool uses metrics from the Chidamber and Kemerer (CK) suite to analyze classes and suggest where to break classes for better design.
In the software measurement validations, assessing the validation of software metrics in software
engineering is a very difficult task due to lack of theoretical methodology and empirical methodology [41,
44, 45]. During recent years, there have been a number of researchers addressing the issue of validating
software metrics. At present, software metrics are validated theoretically using properties of measures.
Further, software measurement plays an important role in understanding and controlling software
development practices and products. The major requirement in software measurement is that the measures
must represent accurately those attributes they purport to quantify and validation is critical to the success
of software measurement. Normally, validation is a collection of analysis and testing activities across the
full life cycle and complements the efforts of other quality engineering functions and validation is a critical
task in any engineering project. Further, validation objective is to discover defects in a system and assess
whether or not the system is useful and usable in operational situation. In the case of software engineering,
validation is one of the software engineering disciplines that help build quality into software. The major
objective of software validation process is to determine that the software performs its intended functions
correctly and provides information about its quality and reliability. This paper discusses the validation
methodology, techniques and different properties of measures that are used for software metrics validation.
In most cases, theoretical and empirical validations are conducted for software metrics validations in
software engineering [1-50].
The Impact of Software Complexity on Cost and Quality - A Comparative Analysi...ijseajournal
Early prediction of software quality is important for better software planning and controlling. In early
development phases, design complexity metrics are considered as useful indicators of software testing
effort and some quality attributes. Although many studies investigate the relationship between design
complexity and cost and quality, it is unclear what we have learned beyond the scope of individual studies.
This paper presented a systematic review on the influence of software complexity metrics on quality
attributes. We aggregated Spearman correlation coefficients from 59 different data sets from 57 primary
studies by a tailored meta-analysis approach. We found that fault proneness and maintainability are most
frequently investigated attributes. Chidamber & Kemerer metric suite is most frequently used but not all of
them are good quality attribute indicators. Moreover, the impact of these metrics is not different in
proprietary and open source projects. The result provides some implications for building quality model
across project type.
Agile software processes, such as extreme programming (XP), Scrum, Lean, etc., rely on best
practices that are considered to improve software development quality. It can be said that best
practices aim to induce software quality assurance (SQA) into the project at hand. Some
researchers of agile methods claim that because of the very nature of such methods,
quality in agile software projects should be a natural outcome of the applied method.
As a consequence, agile quality is expected to be more or less embedded in the agile software
processes. Many reports support and evangelize the advantages of agile methods with respect to
quality assurance, Is it so ?
An ambitious goal of this paper is to present work done to understand how quality is or should
be handled. This paper as all survey papers attempt to summarize and organizes research
results in the field of software engineering, precisely for the topic of agile methods related to
software quality.
The most important aim of software engineering is to improve software productivity and quality of software product and further reduce the cost of software and time using engineering and management techniques.Broadly speaking, software engineering initiative has been introduced during software crisis period to describe the collection of techniques that apply engineering and management skills to the construction and
support of software process and products. There is no universally agreed theory for software measurement and the software metrics are useful for obtaining the information on evaluation of process and product in software engineering. It helps to plan and carry out improvement in software organizations and to provide objective information about project performance, process capability and product quality. The process capability is extremely important for software industry because the quality of products is largely determined by the quality of the processes. The make use of of existing metrics and development of innovative software metrics will be important factors in future software engineering process and product development. In future, research work will be based on using software metrics in software development for the development of the time schedule, cost estimates and software quality and can be improved through software metrics. The permanent application of measurement based methodologies is used to the software process and its products to provide important and timely management information, together with the use of those techniques to improve that software process and its products. This research paper mainly concentrates on the overview of unique basics of software measurement and exclusive fundamentals of software metrics in software engineering.
Contributors to Reduce Maintainability Cost at the Software Implementation PhaseWaqas Tariq
Software maintenance is important and difficult to measure. The cost of maintenance is the most ever during the phases of software development. One of the most critical processes in software development is the reduction of software maintainability cost based on the quality of source code during design step, however, a lack of quality models and measures can help asses the quality attributes of software maintainability process. Software maintainability suffers from a number of challenges such as lack source code understanding, quality of software code, and adherence to programming standards in maintenance. This work describes model based-factors to assess the software maintenance, explains the steps followed to obtain and validate them. Such a method can be used to eliminate the software maintenance cost. The research results will enhance the quality of the source code. It will increase software understandability, eliminate maintenance time, cost, and give confidence for software reusability.
In the software measurement validations, assessing the validation of software metrics in software
engineering is a very difficult task due to lack of theoretical methodology and empirical methodology [41,
44, 45]. During recent years, there have been a number of researchers addressing the issue of validating
software metrics. At present, software metrics are validated theoretically using properties of measures.
Further, software measurement plays an important role in understanding and controlling software
development practices and products. The major requirement in software measurement is that the measures
must represent accurately those attributes they purport to quantify and validation is critical to the success
of software measurement. Normally, validation is a collection of analysis and testing activities across the
full life cycle and complements the efforts of other quality engineering functions and validation is a critical
task in any engineering project. Further, validation objective is to discover defects in a system and assess
whether or not the system is useful and usable in operational situation. In the case of software engineering,
validation is one of the software engineering disciplines that help build quality into software. The major
objective of software validation process is to determine that the software performs its intended functions
correctly and provides information about its quality and reliability. This paper discusses the validation
methodology, techniques and different properties of measures that are used for software metrics validation.
In most cases, theoretical and empirical validations are conducted for software metrics validations in
software engineering [1-50].
The Impact of Software Complexity on Cost and Quality - A Comparative Analysi...ijseajournal
Early prediction of software quality is important for better software planning and controlling. In early
development phases, design complexity metrics are considered as useful indicators of software testing
effort and some quality attributes. Although many studies investigate the relationship between design
complexity and cost and quality, it is unclear what we have learned beyond the scope of individual studies.
This paper presented a systematic review on the influence of software complexity metrics on quality
attributes. We aggregated Spearman correlation coefficients from 59 different data sets from 57 primary
studies by a tailored meta-analysis approach. We found that fault proneness and maintainability are most
frequently investigated attributes. Chidamber & Kemerer metric suite is most frequently used but not all of
them are good quality attribute indicators. Moreover, the impact of these metrics is not different in
proprietary and open source projects. The result provides some implications for building quality model
across project type.
Agile software processes, such as extreme programming (XP), Scrum, Lean, etc., rely on best
practices that are considered to improve software development quality. It can be said that best
practices aim to induce software quality assurance (SQA) into the project at hand. Some
researchers of agile methods claim that because of the very nature of such methods,
quality in agile software projects should be a natural outcome of the applied method.
As a consequence, agile quality is expected to be more or less embedded in the agile software
processes. Many reports support and evangelize the advantages of agile methods with respect to
quality assurance, Is it so ?
An ambitious goal of this paper is to present work done to understand how quality is or should
be handled. This paper as all survey papers attempt to summarize and organizes research
results in the field of software engineering, precisely for the topic of agile methods related to
software quality.
The most important aim of software engineering is to improve software productivity and quality of software product and further reduce the cost of software and time using engineering and management techniques.Broadly speaking, software engineering initiative has been introduced during software crisis period to describe the collection of techniques that apply engineering and management skills to the construction and
support of software process and products. There is no universally agreed theory for software measurement and the software metrics are useful for obtaining the information on evaluation of process and product in software engineering. It helps to plan and carry out improvement in software organizations and to provide objective information about project performance, process capability and product quality. The process capability is extremely important for software industry because the quality of products is largely determined by the quality of the processes. The make use of of existing metrics and development of innovative software metrics will be important factors in future software engineering process and product development. In future, research work will be based on using software metrics in software development for the development of the time schedule, cost estimates and software quality and can be improved through software metrics. The permanent application of measurement based methodologies is used to the software process and its products to provide important and timely management information, together with the use of those techniques to improve that software process and its products. This research paper mainly concentrates on the overview of unique basics of software measurement and exclusive fundamentals of software metrics in software engineering.
Contributors to Reduce Maintainability Cost at the Software Implementation PhaseWaqas Tariq
Software maintenance is important and difficult to measure. The cost of maintenance is the most ever during the phases of software development. One of the most critical processes in software development is the reduction of software maintainability cost based on the quality of source code during design step, however, a lack of quality models and measures can help asses the quality attributes of software maintainability process. Software maintainability suffers from a number of challenges such as lack source code understanding, quality of software code, and adherence to programming standards in maintenance. This work describes model based-factors to assess the software maintenance, explains the steps followed to obtain and validate them. Such a method can be used to eliminate the software maintenance cost. The research results will enhance the quality of the source code. It will increase software understandability, eliminate maintenance time, cost, and give confidence for software reusability.
Although there has been an extensive study over delivering, increasing and maintaining software quality, there has not been enough aide- mémoire on ‘Rating a Software‘s Quality’. This study would project the literature review thus far and also sculpt the scope and need for the evolution of a rating system of software quality for the future.
Changeability has a direct relation to software maintainability and has a major role in providing high quality maintainable and trustworthy software. The concept of Changeability is a major factor when we design and develop software and its constituents. Developing programs and its constituent components with good changeability continually improves and simplifies test operations and maintenance during and after implementation. It encourages and supports improvement in software quality at design stage in the development of software. The research here highlights the importance of changeability broadly and also as an important aspect of software quality.
AN APPROACH FOR TEST CASE PRIORITIZATION BASED UPON VARYING REQUIREMENTS IJCSEA Journal
Software testing is a process continuously performed by the development team during the life cycle of the software with the motive to detect the faults as early as possible. Regressing testing is the most suitable technique for this in which we test number of test cases. As the number of test cases can be very large it is always preferable to prioritize test cases based upon certain criterions.In this paper prioritization strategy is proposed which prioritize test cases based on requirements analysis. By regressing testing if the requirements will vary in future, the software will be modified in such a manner that it will not affect the remaining parts of the software. The proposed system improves the testing process and its efficiency to achieve goals regarding quality, cost, and effort as well user satisfaction and the result of the proposed method evaluated with the help of performance evaluation metric.
A reliability estimation framework for OO design complexity perspective has been developed inthis paper. The proposed framework correlates the object oriented design constructs with complexity and also correlates complexity with reliability. No such framework has been available in the literature that estimates software reliability of OO design by taking complexity into consideration. The framework bridges the gap between object oriented design constructs, complexity and reliability. Framework measures and minimizes the complexity of software design at the early stage of software development life cycle leading to a reliable end product. Reliability and complexity estimation models have been proposed by following the proposed framework. Complexity estimation model has been developed which takes OO design constructs into consideration and proposed reliability estimation models take complexity in consideration for estimating reliability of OO design.
Determination of Software Release Instant of Three-Tier Client Server Softwar...Waqas Tariq
Quality of any software system mainly depends on how much time testing take place, what kind of testing methodologies are used, how complex the software is, the amount of efforts put by software developers and the type of testing environment subject to the cost and time constraint. More time developers spend on testing more errors can be removed leading to better reliable software but then testing cost will also increase. On the contrary, if testing time is too short, software cost could be reduced provided the customers take risk of buying unreliable software. However, this will increase the cost during operational phase since it is more expensive to fix an error during operational phase than during testing phase. Therefore it is essentially important to decide when to stop testing and release the software to customers based on cost and reliability assessment. In this paper we present a mechanism of when to stop testing process and release the software to end-user by developing a software cost model with risk factor. Based on the proposed method we specifically address the issues of how to decide that we should stop testing and release the software based on three-tier client server architecture which would facilitates software developers to ensure on-time delivery of a software product meeting the criteria of achieving predefined level of reliability and minimizing the cost. A numerical example has been cited to illustrate the experimental results showing significant improvements over the conventional statistical models based on NHPP.
ANALYSIS OF SOFTWARE QUALITY USING SOFTWARE METRICSijcsa
Software metrics have a direct link with measurement in software engineering. Correct measurement is the prior condition in any engineering fields, and software engineering is not an exception, as the size and complexity of software increases, manual inspection of software becomes a harder task. Most Software Engineers worry about the quality of software, how to measure and enhance its quality. The overall objective of this study was to asses and analysis’s software metrics used to measure the software product and process.
In this Study, the researcher used a collection of literatures from various electronic databases, available since 2008 to understand and know the software metrics. Finally, in this study, the researcher has been identified software quality is a means of measuring how software is designed and how well the software conforms to that design. Some of the variables that we are looking for software quality are Correctness, Product quality, Scalability, Completeness and Absence of bugs, However the quality standard that was used from one organization is different from others for this reason it is better to apply the software metrics to measure the quality of software and the current most common software metrics tools to reduce the subjectivity of faults during the assessment of software quality. The central contribution of this study is an overview about software metrics that can illustrate us the development in this area, and a critical analysis about the main metrics founded on the various literatures.
One of the core quality assurance feature which combines fault prevention and fault detection, is often known as testability approach also. There are many assessment techniques and quantification method evolved for software testability prediction which actually identifies testability weakness or factors to further help reduce test effort. This paper examines all those measurement techniques that are being proposed for software testability assessment at various phases of object oriented software development life cycle. The aim is to find the best metrics suit for software quality improvisation through software testability support. The ultimate objective is to establish the ground work for finding ways reduce the testing effort by improvising software testability and its assessment using well planned guidelines for object-oriented software development with the help of suitable metrics.
Software Quality Analysis Using Mutation Testing SchemeEditor IJMTER
The software test coverage is used measure the safety measures. The safety critical analysis is
carried out for the source code designed in Java language. Testing provides a primary means for
assuring software in safety-critical systems. To demonstrate, particularly to a certification authority, that
sufficient testing has been performed, it is necessary to achieve the test coverage levels recommended or
mandated by safety standards and industry guidelines. Mutation testing provides an alternative or
complementary method of measuring test sufficiency, but has not been widely adopted in the safetycritical industry. The system provides an empirical evaluation of the application of mutation testing to
airborne software systems which have already satisfied the coverage requirements for certification.
The system mutation testing to safety-critical software developed using high-integrity subsets of
C and Ada, identify the most effective mutant types and analyze the root causes of failures in test cases.
Mutation testing could be effective where traditional structural coverage analysis and manual peer
review have failed. They also show that several testing issues have origins beyond the test activity and
this suggests improvements to the requirements definition and coding process. The system also
examines the relationship between program characteristics and mutation survival and considers how
program size can provide a means for targeting test areas most likely to have dormant faults. Industry
feedback is also provided, particularly on how mutation testing can be integrated into a typical
verification life cycle of airborne software. The system also covers the safety and criticality levels of
Java source code.
EARLY STAGE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT EFFORT ESTIMATIONS – MAMDANI FIS VS NEURAL N...cscpconf
Accurately estimating the software size, cost, effort and schedule is probably the biggest
challenge facing software developers today. It has major implications for the management of
software development because both the overestimates and underestimates have direct impact for
causing damage to software companies. Lot of models have been proposed over the years by
various researchers for carrying out effort estimations. Also some of the studies for early stage
effort estimations suggest the importance of early estimations. New paradigms offer alternatives
to estimate the software development effort, in particular the Computational Intelligence (CI)
that exploits mechanisms of interaction between humans and processes domain
knowledge with the intention of building intelligent systems (IS). Among IS,
Artificial Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic are the two most popular soft computing techniques
for software development effort estimation. In this paper neural network models and Mamdani
FIS model have been used to predict the early stage effort estimations using the student dataset.
It has been found that Mamdani FIS was able to predict the early stage efforts more efficiently in
comparison to the neural network models based models.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Although there has been an extensive study over delivering, increasing and maintaining software quality, there has not been enough aide- mémoire on ‘Rating a Software‘s Quality’. This study would project the literature review thus far and also sculpt the scope and need for the evolution of a rating system of software quality for the future.
Changeability has a direct relation to software maintainability and has a major role in providing high quality maintainable and trustworthy software. The concept of Changeability is a major factor when we design and develop software and its constituents. Developing programs and its constituent components with good changeability continually improves and simplifies test operations and maintenance during and after implementation. It encourages and supports improvement in software quality at design stage in the development of software. The research here highlights the importance of changeability broadly and also as an important aspect of software quality.
AN APPROACH FOR TEST CASE PRIORITIZATION BASED UPON VARYING REQUIREMENTS IJCSEA Journal
Software testing is a process continuously performed by the development team during the life cycle of the software with the motive to detect the faults as early as possible. Regressing testing is the most suitable technique for this in which we test number of test cases. As the number of test cases can be very large it is always preferable to prioritize test cases based upon certain criterions.In this paper prioritization strategy is proposed which prioritize test cases based on requirements analysis. By regressing testing if the requirements will vary in future, the software will be modified in such a manner that it will not affect the remaining parts of the software. The proposed system improves the testing process and its efficiency to achieve goals regarding quality, cost, and effort as well user satisfaction and the result of the proposed method evaluated with the help of performance evaluation metric.
A reliability estimation framework for OO design complexity perspective has been developed inthis paper. The proposed framework correlates the object oriented design constructs with complexity and also correlates complexity with reliability. No such framework has been available in the literature that estimates software reliability of OO design by taking complexity into consideration. The framework bridges the gap between object oriented design constructs, complexity and reliability. Framework measures and minimizes the complexity of software design at the early stage of software development life cycle leading to a reliable end product. Reliability and complexity estimation models have been proposed by following the proposed framework. Complexity estimation model has been developed which takes OO design constructs into consideration and proposed reliability estimation models take complexity in consideration for estimating reliability of OO design.
Determination of Software Release Instant of Three-Tier Client Server Softwar...Waqas Tariq
Quality of any software system mainly depends on how much time testing take place, what kind of testing methodologies are used, how complex the software is, the amount of efforts put by software developers and the type of testing environment subject to the cost and time constraint. More time developers spend on testing more errors can be removed leading to better reliable software but then testing cost will also increase. On the contrary, if testing time is too short, software cost could be reduced provided the customers take risk of buying unreliable software. However, this will increase the cost during operational phase since it is more expensive to fix an error during operational phase than during testing phase. Therefore it is essentially important to decide when to stop testing and release the software to customers based on cost and reliability assessment. In this paper we present a mechanism of when to stop testing process and release the software to end-user by developing a software cost model with risk factor. Based on the proposed method we specifically address the issues of how to decide that we should stop testing and release the software based on three-tier client server architecture which would facilitates software developers to ensure on-time delivery of a software product meeting the criteria of achieving predefined level of reliability and minimizing the cost. A numerical example has been cited to illustrate the experimental results showing significant improvements over the conventional statistical models based on NHPP.
ANALYSIS OF SOFTWARE QUALITY USING SOFTWARE METRICSijcsa
Software metrics have a direct link with measurement in software engineering. Correct measurement is the prior condition in any engineering fields, and software engineering is not an exception, as the size and complexity of software increases, manual inspection of software becomes a harder task. Most Software Engineers worry about the quality of software, how to measure and enhance its quality. The overall objective of this study was to asses and analysis’s software metrics used to measure the software product and process.
In this Study, the researcher used a collection of literatures from various electronic databases, available since 2008 to understand and know the software metrics. Finally, in this study, the researcher has been identified software quality is a means of measuring how software is designed and how well the software conforms to that design. Some of the variables that we are looking for software quality are Correctness, Product quality, Scalability, Completeness and Absence of bugs, However the quality standard that was used from one organization is different from others for this reason it is better to apply the software metrics to measure the quality of software and the current most common software metrics tools to reduce the subjectivity of faults during the assessment of software quality. The central contribution of this study is an overview about software metrics that can illustrate us the development in this area, and a critical analysis about the main metrics founded on the various literatures.
One of the core quality assurance feature which combines fault prevention and fault detection, is often known as testability approach also. There are many assessment techniques and quantification method evolved for software testability prediction which actually identifies testability weakness or factors to further help reduce test effort. This paper examines all those measurement techniques that are being proposed for software testability assessment at various phases of object oriented software development life cycle. The aim is to find the best metrics suit for software quality improvisation through software testability support. The ultimate objective is to establish the ground work for finding ways reduce the testing effort by improvising software testability and its assessment using well planned guidelines for object-oriented software development with the help of suitable metrics.
Software Quality Analysis Using Mutation Testing SchemeEditor IJMTER
The software test coverage is used measure the safety measures. The safety critical analysis is
carried out for the source code designed in Java language. Testing provides a primary means for
assuring software in safety-critical systems. To demonstrate, particularly to a certification authority, that
sufficient testing has been performed, it is necessary to achieve the test coverage levels recommended or
mandated by safety standards and industry guidelines. Mutation testing provides an alternative or
complementary method of measuring test sufficiency, but has not been widely adopted in the safetycritical industry. The system provides an empirical evaluation of the application of mutation testing to
airborne software systems which have already satisfied the coverage requirements for certification.
The system mutation testing to safety-critical software developed using high-integrity subsets of
C and Ada, identify the most effective mutant types and analyze the root causes of failures in test cases.
Mutation testing could be effective where traditional structural coverage analysis and manual peer
review have failed. They also show that several testing issues have origins beyond the test activity and
this suggests improvements to the requirements definition and coding process. The system also
examines the relationship between program characteristics and mutation survival and considers how
program size can provide a means for targeting test areas most likely to have dormant faults. Industry
feedback is also provided, particularly on how mutation testing can be integrated into a typical
verification life cycle of airborne software. The system also covers the safety and criticality levels of
Java source code.
EARLY STAGE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT EFFORT ESTIMATIONS – MAMDANI FIS VS NEURAL N...cscpconf
Accurately estimating the software size, cost, effort and schedule is probably the biggest
challenge facing software developers today. It has major implications for the management of
software development because both the overestimates and underestimates have direct impact for
causing damage to software companies. Lot of models have been proposed over the years by
various researchers for carrying out effort estimations. Also some of the studies for early stage
effort estimations suggest the importance of early estimations. New paradigms offer alternatives
to estimate the software development effort, in particular the Computational Intelligence (CI)
that exploits mechanisms of interaction between humans and processes domain
knowledge with the intention of building intelligent systems (IS). Among IS,
Artificial Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic are the two most popular soft computing techniques
for software development effort estimation. In this paper neural network models and Mamdani
FIS model have been used to predict the early stage effort estimations using the student dataset.
It has been found that Mamdani FIS was able to predict the early stage efforts more efficiently in
comparison to the neural network models based models.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
A software system continues to grow in size and complexity, it becomes increasing difficult to
understand and manage. Software metrics are units of software measurement. As improvement in coding tools
allow software developer to produce larger amount of software to meet ever expanding requirements. A method
to measure software product, process and project must be used. In this article, we first introduce the software
metrics including the definition of metrics and the history of this field. We aim at a comprehensive survey of the
metrics available for measuring attributes related to software entities. Some classical metrics such as Lines of
codes LOC, Halstead complexity metric (HCM), Function Point analysis and others are discussed and
analyzed. Then we bring up the complexity metrics methods, such as McCabe complexity metrics and object
oriented metrics(C&K method), with real world examples. The comparison and relationship of these metrics are
also presented.
Identification, Analysis & Empirical Validation (IAV) of Object Oriented Desi...rahulmonikasharma
Metrics and Measure are closely inter-related to each other. Measure is defined as way of defining amount, dimension, capacity or size of some attribute of a product in quantitative manner while Metric is unit used for measuring attribute. Software quality is one of the major concerns that need to be addressed and measured. Object oriented (OO) systems require effective metrics to assess quality of software. The paper is designed to identify attributes and measures that can help in determining and affecting quality attributes. The paper conducts empirical study by taking public dataset KC1 from NASA project database. It is validated by applying statistical techniques like correlation analysis and regression analysis. After analysis of data, it is found that metrics SLOC, RFC, WMC and CBO are significant and treated as quality indicators while metrics DIT and NOC are not significant. The results produced from them throws significant impact on improving software quality.
ANALYSIS OF SOFTWARE QUALITY USING SOFTWARE METRICSijcsa
Software metrics have a direct link with measurement in software engineering. Correct measurement is the prior condition in any engineering fields, and software engineering is not an exception, as the size and complexity of software increases, manual inspection of software becomes a harder task. Most Software Engineers worry about the quality of software, how to measure and enhance its quality. The overall objective of this study was to asses and analysis’s software metrics used to measure the software product and process.
In this Study, the researcher used a collection of literatures from various electronic databases, available since 2008 to understand and know the software metrics. Finally, in this study, the researcher has been identified software quality is a means of measuring how software is designed and how well the software conforms to that design. Some of the variables that we are looking for software quality are Correctness, Product quality, Scalability, Completeness and Absence of bugs, However the quality standard that was used from one organization is different from others for this reason it is better to apply the software metrics to measure the quality of software and the current most common software metrics tools to reduce the subjectivity of faults during the assessment of software quality. The central contribution of this study is an overview about software metrics that can illustrate us the development in this area, and a critical analysis about the main metrics founded on the various literatures.
DESQA a Software Quality Assurance FrameworkIJERA Editor
In current software development lifecycles of heterogeneous environments, the pitfalls businesses have to face are that software defect tracking, measurements and quality assurance do not start early enough in the development process. In fact the cost of fixing a defect in a production environment is much higher than in the initial phases of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) which is particularly true for Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). Thus the aim of this study is to develop a new framework for defect tracking and detection and quality estimation for early stages particularly for the design stage of the SDLC. Part of the objectives of this work is to conceptualize, borrow and customize from known frameworks, such as object-oriented programming to build a solid framework using automated rule based intelligent mechanisms to detect and classify defects in software design of SOA. The implementation part demonstrated how the framework can predict the quality level of the designed software. The results showed a good level of quality estimation can be achieved based on the number of design attributes, the number of quality attributes and the number of SOA Design Defects. Assessment shows that metrics provide guidelines to indicate the progress that a software system has made and the quality of design. Using these guidelines, we can develop more usable and maintainable software systems to fulfill the demand of efficient systems for software applications. Another valuable result coming from this study is that developers are trying to keep backwards compatibility when they introduce new functionality. Sometimes, in the same newly-introduced elements developers perform necessary breaking changes in future versions. In that way they give time to their clients to adapt their systems. This is a very valuable practice for the developers because they have more time to assess the quality of their software before releasing it. Other improvements in this research include investigation of other design attributes and SOA Design Defects which can be computed in extending the tests we performed.
Software Metrics for Identifying Software Size in Software Development ProjectsVishvi Vidanapathirana
This paper defines the best software metrics that can be used to define the size of the software in the current industry of information technology (IT)
A Review on Quality Assurance of Component- Based Software Systemiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Maintaining the quality of the software is the major challenge in the process of software development.
Software inspections which use the methods like structured walkthroughs and formal code reviews involve
careful examination of each and every aspect/stage of software development. In Agile software
development, refactoring helps to improve software quality. This refactoring is a technique to improve
software internal structure without changing its behaviour. After much study regarding the ways to
improve software quality, our research proposes an object oriented software metric tool called
“MetricAnalyzer”. This tool is tested on different codebases and is proven to be much useful.
ITERATIVE AND INCREMENTAL DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS STUDY OF VOCATIONAL CAREER INF...ijseajournal
Software development process presents various types of models with their corresponding phases required to be accordingly followed in delivery of quality products and projects. Despite the various expertise and skills of systems analysts, designers, and programmers, systems failure is inevitable when a suitable development process model is not followed. This paper focuses on the Iterative and Incremental Development (IID)model and justified its role in the analysis and design software systems. The paper adopted the qualitative research approach that justified and harnessed the relevance of IID in the context of systems analysis and design using the Vocational
Career Information System (VCIS) as a case study. The paper viewed the IID as a change-driven software development process model. The results showed some system specification, functional specification of system and design specifications that can be used in implementing the VCIS using the IID model. Thus, the paper concluded that in systems analysis and design, it is imperative to consider a suitable development process that reflects the engineering mind-set, with heavy emphasis on good analysis and design for quality assurance.
The increasing availability of COTS (commercial-off-the-shelf) components in the market of software
development has concretized the opportunity of building whole systems based on previously built components. Component-
Based Software Engineering (CBSE) is an approach which is used to improve efficiency and productivity of software system
with the help of reusability. CBSE approach improves software development productivity and software quality by selecting
pre-existing software components. Reusability in Component-Based Software Development (CBSD) not only reduces the
time to market in development but also brings the cost down of development heavily. This paper represents the challenges
which are faced by software developer during component selection like reliability, time, components size, fault tolerance,
performance, components functionality and components compatibility. This paper also summarizes algorithms used for
component retrieval according to availability of component subset.
Agile software processes, such as extreme programming (XP), Scrum, Lean, etc., rely on best practices that are considered to improve software development quality. It can be said that best
practices aim to induce software quality assurance (SQA) into the project at hand. Some researchers of agile methods claim that because of the very nature of such methods, quality in agile software projects should be a natural outcome of the applied method. As a consequence, agile quality is expected to be more or less embedded in the agile software processes. Many reports support and evangelize the advantages of agile methods with respect to quality assurance, Is it so ? An ambitious goal of this paper is to present work done to understand how quality is or should be handled. This paper as all survey papers attempt to summarize and organizes research results in the field of software engineering, precisely for the topic of agile methods related to software quality.
A survey of predicting software reliability using machine learning methodsIAESIJAI
In light of technical and technological progress, software has become an urgent need in every aspect of human life, including the medicine sector and industrial control. Therefore, it is imperative that the software always works flawlessly. The information technology sector has witnessed a rapid expansion in recent years, as software companies can no longer rely only on cost advantages to stay competitive in the market, but programmers must provide reliable and high-quality software, and in order to estimate and predict software reliability using machine learning and deep learning, it was introduced A brief overview of the important scientific contributions to the subject of software reliability, and the researchers' findings of highly efficient methods and techniques for predicting software reliability.
STATE-OF-THE-ART IN EMPIRICAL VALIDATION OF SOFTWARE METRICS FOR FAULT PRONEN...IJCSES Journal
With the sharp rise in software dependability and failure cost, high quality has been in great demand.However, guaranteeing high quality in software systems which have grown in size and complexity coupled with the constraints imposed on their development has become increasingly difficult, time and resource consuming activity. Consequently, it becomes inevitable to deliver software that have no serious faults. In
this case, object-oriented (OO) products being the de facto standard of software development with their unique features could have some faults that are hard to find or pinpoint the impacts of changes. The earlier faults are identified, found and fixed, the lesser the costs and the higher the quality. To assess product quality, software metrics are used. Many OO metrics have been proposed and developed. Furthermore,
many empirical studies have validated metrics and class fault proneness (FP) relationship. The challenge is which metrics are related to class FP and what activities are performed. Therefore, this study bring together the state-of-the-art in fault prediction of FP that utilizes CK and size metrics. We conducted a systematic literature review over relevant published empirical validation articles. The results obtained are
analysed and presented. It indicates that 29 relevant empirical studies exist and measures such as complexity, coupling and size were found to be strongly related to FP.
EVALUATION OF THE SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE STYLES FROM MAINTAINABILITY VIEWPOINTcscpconf
In the process of software architecture design, different decisions are made that have systemwide
impact. An important decision of design stage is the selection of a suitable software
architecture style. Lack of investigation on the quantitative impact of architecture styles on
software quality attributes is the main problem in using such styles. So, the use of architecture
styles in designing is based on the intuition of software developers. The aim of this research is
to quantify the impacts of architecture styles on software maintainability. In this study,
architecture styles are evaluated based on coupling, complexity and cohesion metrics and
ranked by analytic hierarchy process from maintainability viewpoint. The main contribution of
this paper is quantification and ranking of software architecture styles from the perspective of
maintainability quality attribute at stage of architectural style selection.
A Software Measurement Using Artificial Neural Network and Support Vector Mac...ijseajournal
Today, Software measurement are based on various techniques such that neural network, Genetic
algorithm, Fuzzy Logic etc. This study involves the efficiency of applying support vector machine using
Gaussian Radial Basis kernel function to software measurement problem to increase the performance and
accuracy. Support vector machines (SVM) are innovative approach to constructing learning machines that
Minimize generalization error. There is a close relationship between SVMs and the Radial Basis Function
(RBF) classifiers. Both have found numerous applications such as in optical character recognition, object
detection, face verification, text categorization, and so on. The result demonstrated that the accuracy and
generalization performance of SVM Gaussian Radial Basis kernel function is better than RBFN. We also
examine and summarize the several superior points of the SVM compared with RBFN.
Similar to Class quality evaluation using class quality scorecards (20)
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.