This document discusses risk and technology management in the banking industry in India. It provides context on the diversity of the Indian financial system and banking sector. It then discusses how the banking industry is undergoing changes due to factors like competition, technology adoption, and increased focus on risk management. The document highlights how Indian banks have increasingly adopted technologies over the past few decades, from basic computerization to core banking systems. It also discusses the large investments banks make in technology. Finally, it examines the concepts of risk management and how the banking industry is working to develop robust risk management frameworks and processes.
The document provides a history of banking in India from ancient times through present day. It discusses the key phases in Indian banking history and the current composition of the banking system, including public sector banks, private sector banks, cooperative banks, and development banks. The document also summarizes some of the major opportunities and challenges facing the Indian banking industry, such as interest rate risk, non-performing assets, competition in retail banking, bank mergers and acquisitions, and the impact of Basel II capital adequacy norms.
The four pillars of the financial system are savers, users, financial markets, and financial intermediaries. Banks are a key financial intermediary that mobilizes deposits from savers and lends to users, providing various financial services. While traditional banking has benefits like personal relationships, modern banking provides advantages such as accessibility, speed, and lower transaction costs through new technologies. Both systems have pros and cons, and majority of customers in India still prefer traditional banking.
Impact of Electronic Banking on Customer Satisfactionijtsrd
In the Rapid development of our country. It is the most leading part of the financial sector of the country as it is responsible for more than 70 % of the funds flowing through the financial sector in the country. The banking system in the country has three primary functions:? Operations of Payment system? Depositor and protector of people' savings? Issue loans to individual and CompaniesIntroduction of technology in banking sector has enabled customers to avail the banking services at anytime and anywhere in the form of ATM, Mobile banking, & Internet Banking. Banks today operate in a highly globalized, liberalized, privatized and a competitive environment. In order to survive in this environment banks have to use IT. Indian banking industry has witnessed a tremendous developments due to sweeping changes that are taking place in the information technology. Electronic banking has emerged from such an innovative development. The objective of the present paper is to study and analyse the progress made by Indian banking industry in adoption of technology. The study is secondary based and analytical in nature. The progress in e banking in Indian banking industry is measured through various parameters such as Computerization of branches, Automated Teller Machines, Transactions through Retail Electronic Payment Methods etc. Statistical and mathematical tools such as simple growth rate, percentages and averages etc are used. The paper also highlights the challenges faced by Indian banks in adoption of technology and recommendations are made to tackle these challenges. The paper concludes that in years to come e-banking will not only be acceptable mode of banking but preferred mode of banking. Urvashi Solanki"Impact of Electronic Banking on Customer Satisfaction" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd17012.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/management/law-and-management/17012/impact-of-electronic-banking-on-customer-satisfaction/urvashi-solanki
This document provides information on the banking, financial services, and insurance industries in India. It discusses key sectors within these industries, including banking types like core banking, retail banking, and private banking. It also covers financial services like stock broking and mutual funds. The document outlines trends in these industries such as growth in life insurance, AUM growth, and NBFC fund raising. It discusses opportunities and challenges around increasing penetration in rural areas, product innovation, and regulatory frameworks. Finally, it summarizes internet, mobile, and direct marketing trends in India including expected growth in e-commerce and the portion of digital vs traditional marketing budgets.
The BFSI (Banking, Financial Services and Insurance) sector in India has experienced significant growth in recent decades. The banking sector has expanded from 89 banks in 1969 to over 279 banks currently, with over 825,000 branches across the country. The insurance industry has grown at an annual rate of 32-34% and was valued at $41 billion in size. Other financial services like mutual funds and asset management have also grown substantially. The BFSI sector is projected to account for 7.7% of India's GDP by 2010, demonstrating its increasing importance in the Indian economy. The sector provides numerous employment opportunities in areas like banking, insurance, and investment services.
A Study on Emerging Challenges & Opportunities for Indian Banking Sectorinventionjournals
Banking sector is treated as a backbone of a nation as it plays multifarious role for the all total growth of a developing country like India. The banking industry in India has a huge canvas of history, which covers the traditional banking Practices from the time of Britishers to the reforms period, nationalization to privatization of banks and now increasing numbers of foreign banks in India. Therefore, Banking in India has been through a long journey. Banking industry in India has also achieved a new height with the changing times. The use of technology has brought a revolution in the working style of the banks. Nevertheless, the fundamental aspects of banking i.e. trust and the confidence of the people on the institution remain the same. Here commercial banks cater to short and medium term financing requirements, while national level and state level financial institutions meet longer-term requirements. Banking industry in India has also achieved anew height with the changing times. Most of banks provide various services such as Mobile banking, SMS & Net banking and ATMs to their customers for their convenience. The use of technology has brought a revolution in the working style of the banks. Banking today has transformed into a technology intensive and customer friendly model with a focus inconvenience. However, changing dynamics of banking business also brings new kind of risk exposure.
The document provides an overview of the Indian banking sector as of March 2017. It discusses key trends such as the growth in total assets, lending, deposits and money supply. Public sector banks account for over 70% of total banking assets in India. The document also highlights increasing penetration of banking services in rural areas and growing adoption of digital banking. Overall, the Indian banking sector has seen healthy growth in recent years backed by rising incomes and policy support.
The document provides a history of banking in India from ancient times through present day. It discusses the key phases in Indian banking history and the current composition of the banking system, including public sector banks, private sector banks, cooperative banks, and development banks. The document also summarizes some of the major opportunities and challenges facing the Indian banking industry, such as interest rate risk, non-performing assets, competition in retail banking, bank mergers and acquisitions, and the impact of Basel II capital adequacy norms.
The four pillars of the financial system are savers, users, financial markets, and financial intermediaries. Banks are a key financial intermediary that mobilizes deposits from savers and lends to users, providing various financial services. While traditional banking has benefits like personal relationships, modern banking provides advantages such as accessibility, speed, and lower transaction costs through new technologies. Both systems have pros and cons, and majority of customers in India still prefer traditional banking.
Impact of Electronic Banking on Customer Satisfactionijtsrd
In the Rapid development of our country. It is the most leading part of the financial sector of the country as it is responsible for more than 70 % of the funds flowing through the financial sector in the country. The banking system in the country has three primary functions:? Operations of Payment system? Depositor and protector of people' savings? Issue loans to individual and CompaniesIntroduction of technology in banking sector has enabled customers to avail the banking services at anytime and anywhere in the form of ATM, Mobile banking, & Internet Banking. Banks today operate in a highly globalized, liberalized, privatized and a competitive environment. In order to survive in this environment banks have to use IT. Indian banking industry has witnessed a tremendous developments due to sweeping changes that are taking place in the information technology. Electronic banking has emerged from such an innovative development. The objective of the present paper is to study and analyse the progress made by Indian banking industry in adoption of technology. The study is secondary based and analytical in nature. The progress in e banking in Indian banking industry is measured through various parameters such as Computerization of branches, Automated Teller Machines, Transactions through Retail Electronic Payment Methods etc. Statistical and mathematical tools such as simple growth rate, percentages and averages etc are used. The paper also highlights the challenges faced by Indian banks in adoption of technology and recommendations are made to tackle these challenges. The paper concludes that in years to come e-banking will not only be acceptable mode of banking but preferred mode of banking. Urvashi Solanki"Impact of Electronic Banking on Customer Satisfaction" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd17012.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/management/law-and-management/17012/impact-of-electronic-banking-on-customer-satisfaction/urvashi-solanki
This document provides information on the banking, financial services, and insurance industries in India. It discusses key sectors within these industries, including banking types like core banking, retail banking, and private banking. It also covers financial services like stock broking and mutual funds. The document outlines trends in these industries such as growth in life insurance, AUM growth, and NBFC fund raising. It discusses opportunities and challenges around increasing penetration in rural areas, product innovation, and regulatory frameworks. Finally, it summarizes internet, mobile, and direct marketing trends in India including expected growth in e-commerce and the portion of digital vs traditional marketing budgets.
The BFSI (Banking, Financial Services and Insurance) sector in India has experienced significant growth in recent decades. The banking sector has expanded from 89 banks in 1969 to over 279 banks currently, with over 825,000 branches across the country. The insurance industry has grown at an annual rate of 32-34% and was valued at $41 billion in size. Other financial services like mutual funds and asset management have also grown substantially. The BFSI sector is projected to account for 7.7% of India's GDP by 2010, demonstrating its increasing importance in the Indian economy. The sector provides numerous employment opportunities in areas like banking, insurance, and investment services.
A Study on Emerging Challenges & Opportunities for Indian Banking Sectorinventionjournals
Banking sector is treated as a backbone of a nation as it plays multifarious role for the all total growth of a developing country like India. The banking industry in India has a huge canvas of history, which covers the traditional banking Practices from the time of Britishers to the reforms period, nationalization to privatization of banks and now increasing numbers of foreign banks in India. Therefore, Banking in India has been through a long journey. Banking industry in India has also achieved a new height with the changing times. The use of technology has brought a revolution in the working style of the banks. Nevertheless, the fundamental aspects of banking i.e. trust and the confidence of the people on the institution remain the same. Here commercial banks cater to short and medium term financing requirements, while national level and state level financial institutions meet longer-term requirements. Banking industry in India has also achieved anew height with the changing times. Most of banks provide various services such as Mobile banking, SMS & Net banking and ATMs to their customers for their convenience. The use of technology has brought a revolution in the working style of the banks. Banking today has transformed into a technology intensive and customer friendly model with a focus inconvenience. However, changing dynamics of banking business also brings new kind of risk exposure.
The document provides an overview of the Indian banking sector as of March 2017. It discusses key trends such as the growth in total assets, lending, deposits and money supply. Public sector banks account for over 70% of total banking assets in India. The document also highlights increasing penetration of banking services in rural areas and growing adoption of digital banking. Overall, the Indian banking sector has seen healthy growth in recent years backed by rising incomes and policy support.
The document summarizes opportunities and challenges for the banking sector in India. It notes that India has one of the fastest growing economies in the world, fueled by consumption growth. The banking sector has also grown significantly and become more robust and technologically advanced, but still has potential for further expansion and improvement in financial inclusion. Overall, the banking sector is well-positioned to help drive and benefit from India's continued economic growth, but will need to address ongoing challenges to reach its full potential.
Awareness of schemes and services of mf isshail0065
Micro-finance refers to small loans, savings, insurance, and other financial services provided to low-income individuals. It originated in the 1970s and has grown significantly since. Today, over 16 million people are served by over 7,000 microfinance institutions worldwide. In India, the Self Help Group model launched in 1991 has expanded access to financial services for millions of rural poor, especially women. Microfinance aims to help the poor generate income, build businesses, and gain financial stability and empowerment.
The document summarizes the banking, financial services, and insurance (BFSI) sector in India. It discusses the history and growth of banking, financial services, and insurance in India. It also describes the structure and future prospects of the BFSI sector, which is an important industry in India and expected to experience continued growth.
Mahindra & Mahindra Financial Services Ltd (MMFSL) is one of India's leading non-banking finance companies that provides financing for vehicles and other assets, especially in rural and semi-urban areas. It has over 436 branches across India and has disbursed over Rs. 21,000 crore in loans since inception. MMFSL is part of the Mahindra Group, a large Indian conglomerate with over $7 billion in revenue. The document provides an overview of MMFSL's history and operations, the banking and NBFC industry in India, and differences between banks and non-bank financial institutions.
The document provides an overview of the Indian banking industry. It discusses that the industry comprises of public sector banks, private sector banks, and foreign banks. Public sector banks still control around 80% of the market. The industry is moving towards more qualitative growth with focus on better customer service and use of new technologies. Key drivers of sustainability include lender's liability for environmental cleanups, assessing borrower's ability to repay loans, and addressing growing environmental concerns.
The document discusses the Banking, Financial Services, and Insurance (BFSI) sector in India. It analyzes the sector and discusses two major players, Axis Bank and State Bank of India (SBI). Axis Bank is the third largest private sector bank in India and offers a wide range of financial products and services. It has outsourced several functions like ATM management and maintenance to companies like Hitachi, Prizm Payments, and IBM to reduce costs. Similarly, SBI, being a large public sector bank, has outsourced operations like IT, back-office processing, and customer support to manage its vast network effectively. Outsourcing non-core functions allows banks to focus on their core banking activities and
The document provides an overview of the Indian banking industry. It discusses advances, deposits, investments, non-performing assets, operating expenditures, net profit margins, and major players like SBI and ICICI Bank. The banking industry has grown at a healthy pace with advances increasing at a 17% CAGR. Deposits have also increased steadily. While NPAs pose some challenges, the future outlook remains positive due to government initiatives and increasing penetration of banking services.
ICICI Bank has emerged as the second largest bank in India with over $81 billion in assets and $896 million in profits. It has expanded globally with operations in 18 countries [S]. However, it primarily targets upper-income customers, missing opportunities with middle and lower-income groups [W]. It can expand its customer base by introducing more affordable services [O], but faces threats from increasing competition from other banks offering lower rates and fees [T].
Challenges for Foreign Banks Entering India Open New Opportunities for Consul...Cognizant
Foreign banks face regulatory, technological, and social hurdles when entering the Indian market. Regulatory challenges include complying with priority sector lending requirements and obtaining a banking license. Marketplace challenges involve competing in a diverse banking environment and developing products suited to Indian customers. Social issues incorporate integrating into relationships-based Indian banking and overcoming perceptions. Infrastructure barriers relate to implementing specialized IT systems. Consulting firms can help foreign banks navigate these obstacles by providing regulatory expertise, market research, branding support, and assistance integrating new technology platforms.
Globalization has significantly impacted the banking sector in India. Prior to liberalization in 1991, Indian banks lacked competitiveness and customer focus. The opening of the Indian economy introduced foreign and private banks that emphasized customer service, technology innovations, and new banking products. While increased competition has benefited customers, globalization has also introduced risks like increased cybercrime and volatility from global financial markets that impact the entire banking sector. Overall, globalization has transformed retail banking in India and increased competitiveness, technology usage, and customer satisfaction across both private and public sector banks.
Comparitive analysis of standard charatered bankviggy vanshi
This document provides an overview of a project report comparing Standard Chartered Bank to other multinational banks in India. It includes an introduction, industry profile on banking in India, objectives of the report, and outlines of upcoming chapters on Standard Chartered Bank's history, services, accounts, and comparisons to other banks. The document serves as a proposal and outline for the full report to be submitted in partial fulfillment of a Bachelor's degree in Business Administration.
IRJET-Indian Banking Sector at a GlanceIRJET Journal
Minakshi Dattatraya Bhosale "Indian Banking Sector at a Glance", International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume2,issue-01 April 2015.e-ISSN:2395-0056, p-ISSN:2395-0072. www.irjet.net
Abstract
Banking Industry is a piece of the economy in the world. Today we are placed in the time of globalization around the world. Worldwide acquaintances have acknowledged globalization as their first vital decision. Improvement in technology has encouraged globalization also. E-commerce, e-marketing, e-banking are today’s buzzwords. Banks have transformed them and are offering services through the Internet. Remarkably overriding element in the Indian economy and the financial sector was assumed by overseeing an accounting industry. The Indian financial sector underwent a sweeping change during the nineties. From the moderately closed and regulated environment in which agents had to operate earlier, the sector was launched up as part of the efficiency; enhancing structural policies bring about high sustainable long-term growth of the economy. The banking sector in India has come upon a speedy transformation. The actual primary purpose behind this change is the result of the enhanced security and encryption routines created on the Internet. The second reason is banks would be unwilling to lose a potential market share to banks that are willing to offer their services on the Internet. As banks rely increasingly on information technology and the Internet to carry on their business and interact with the market, technology risks will potentially increase, both for individual banks and the financial industry at large. Continuous technology advances and innovations are having significant impact on the way banks interact with their customers, suppliers and counterparts. This research paper focused on growth of Indian banking Industry. It mainly focused on Private and Public banks in India.
Introduction to World Banking StructureAakash Singh
The document provides an overview of the global banking structure and key details about some major international banks. It discusses the origins and evolution of the World Bank, describing its two main bodies: the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and International Development Association (IDA). Statistics are presented on GDP and banking market capitalization by country. The banking structures of the United Kingdom, China, and United States are highlighted for comparison.
The document provides an overview of the Indian and Chinese banking industries. It discusses the history and structure of banking in India, including the nationalization of banks in 1969. It outlines the major players in India by market share and growth over the past 5 years. For China, it describes the structure with the central bank and four largest state-owned commercial banks. It also analyzes the market dominance of these big four Chinese banks and provides rankings by assets, profits and other financial metrics.
The document discusses opportunities in the banking and financial services sector in India. It notes that the sector is rapidly expanding and diversifying. By 2020, India's banking industry has the potential to become the fifth largest in the world. Over the next decade, the sector is projected to create two million new jobs through expanding financial inclusion and the use of new technologies. The total banking sector credit is expected to grow significantly by 2017. The insurance market size is also expected to see substantial growth reaching $350-400 billion by 2020. The document outlines the major players in banks, non-banking financial companies, insurance, and mutual funds. It also discusses typical career opportunities in sales, operations, and entrepreneurship in the financial sector.
Retail banking refers to banking services provided to individuals and small businesses. It involves dealing with a large number of low-value transactions compared to wholesale banking which involves a small number of high-value transactions with large corporations. The document discusses the scope, opportunities, and strategies for increasing retail banking business in India. It notes that retail banking is an attractive market segment that offers opportunities for growth given India's growing middle class and their increasing purchasing power. Strategies to increase retail banking business include constant product innovation, quality service, introducing new delivery channels, tapping unexploited potential, infrastructure outsourcing, market research, and cross-selling of products.
Axis Bank was formerly known as UTI Bank and was established in 1994 through a joint venture between Unit Trust of India and other insurance companies. The bank rebranded itself as Axis Bank in 2007 to reflect its national and international presence. Axis Bank offers various retail and corporate banking products and services through its network of over 1,200 branches across India. It aims to be the preferred financial solutions provider through excellent customer service, empowered employees, and smart technology use. The bank has experienced strong growth in recent years and plans further expansion of its branch network and services.
A model based security requirements engineering frameworkIAEME Publication
This document presents a framework for security requirements engineering. It discusses how security requirements are often not properly considered early in the development process. It reviews related work on security requirements engineering, including a previous framework by Haley et al. that defined criteria for adequate security requirements. The proposed framework aims to improve on previous approaches by integrating security requirements elicitation and analysis into mainstream requirements activities from the beginning. It then compares the proposed framework to Haley's framework.
This document summarizes research on optimizing the design of an automotive composite drive shaft using genetic algorithms. The researchers aim to determine if a composite drive shaft can replace a conventional two-piece steel drive shaft. Key points:
1) A genetic algorithm is used to optimize ply thickness, number of plies, and stacking sequence of carbon/epoxy and glass/epoxy composite shafts. The objective is minimizing weight while meeting constraints of torque transmission, buckling load, and fundamental frequency.
2) Composite materials could allow a one-piece drive shaft with higher fundamental frequency than a steel shaft, avoiding the need for joints and supports. This would reduce weight, vibration, and costs.
3)
Class quality evaluation using class quality scorecardsIAEME Publication
The document describes a Class Breakpoint Analyzer tool that evaluates software quality using metrics. The tool extracts metrics like Weighted Methods per Class (WMC), Depth of Inheritance Tree (DIT), Number of Children (NOC), and Lack of Cohesion in Methods (LCOM) from source code. Threshold values for each metric indicate if a class needs restructuring. The tool generates a scorecard to determine if a class is overloaded or saturated. This helps improve reusability of existing software and evaluate code quality for junior programmers. The tool uses metrics from the Chidamber and Kemerer (CK) suite to analyze classes and suggest where to break classes for better design.
A critical study on road side marketing a new avenue for farmers in small v...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper on roadside marketing as a new avenue for farmers in small villages. The paper analyzes factors influencing customers' purchases of vegetables and fruits on roads and highways in Western Maharashtra, India. It reviews literature on agri-marketing and roadside stands. The study uses surveys of 50 farmers engaged in roadside sales and 200 customers to understand problems and how to better retain customers. Data collection involved interviews and discussions. The research aims to determine if roadside sales can maximize farmer profits by cutting out middlemen.
Octave wave sound signal measurements in ducted axial fan under stable region...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes research measuring octave wave sound signals in a ducted axial fan under stable operating conditions. The fan setup and instrumentation are described, including a microphone to capture sound pressures, BNC connector to transmit signals, and data acquisition system and LabVIEW software to analyze spectra. Experiments varied rotor speed from 2400-3600 rpm at a throttle position of 6 cm. Results showed sound pressure levels from 78-109 dB, with higher pressures at higher speeds indicating stable flow. Frequency domain analyses from 11Hz-11100Hz captured pressure variations corresponding to blade passing and stable operation. The work aims to better understand fan acoustics and stability through sound signal characterization.
The document summarizes opportunities and challenges for the banking sector in India. It notes that India has one of the fastest growing economies in the world, fueled by consumption growth. The banking sector has also grown significantly and become more robust and technologically advanced, but still has potential for further expansion and improvement in financial inclusion. Overall, the banking sector is well-positioned to help drive and benefit from India's continued economic growth, but will need to address ongoing challenges to reach its full potential.
Awareness of schemes and services of mf isshail0065
Micro-finance refers to small loans, savings, insurance, and other financial services provided to low-income individuals. It originated in the 1970s and has grown significantly since. Today, over 16 million people are served by over 7,000 microfinance institutions worldwide. In India, the Self Help Group model launched in 1991 has expanded access to financial services for millions of rural poor, especially women. Microfinance aims to help the poor generate income, build businesses, and gain financial stability and empowerment.
The document summarizes the banking, financial services, and insurance (BFSI) sector in India. It discusses the history and growth of banking, financial services, and insurance in India. It also describes the structure and future prospects of the BFSI sector, which is an important industry in India and expected to experience continued growth.
Mahindra & Mahindra Financial Services Ltd (MMFSL) is one of India's leading non-banking finance companies that provides financing for vehicles and other assets, especially in rural and semi-urban areas. It has over 436 branches across India and has disbursed over Rs. 21,000 crore in loans since inception. MMFSL is part of the Mahindra Group, a large Indian conglomerate with over $7 billion in revenue. The document provides an overview of MMFSL's history and operations, the banking and NBFC industry in India, and differences between banks and non-bank financial institutions.
The document provides an overview of the Indian banking industry. It discusses that the industry comprises of public sector banks, private sector banks, and foreign banks. Public sector banks still control around 80% of the market. The industry is moving towards more qualitative growth with focus on better customer service and use of new technologies. Key drivers of sustainability include lender's liability for environmental cleanups, assessing borrower's ability to repay loans, and addressing growing environmental concerns.
The document discusses the Banking, Financial Services, and Insurance (BFSI) sector in India. It analyzes the sector and discusses two major players, Axis Bank and State Bank of India (SBI). Axis Bank is the third largest private sector bank in India and offers a wide range of financial products and services. It has outsourced several functions like ATM management and maintenance to companies like Hitachi, Prizm Payments, and IBM to reduce costs. Similarly, SBI, being a large public sector bank, has outsourced operations like IT, back-office processing, and customer support to manage its vast network effectively. Outsourcing non-core functions allows banks to focus on their core banking activities and
The document provides an overview of the Indian banking industry. It discusses advances, deposits, investments, non-performing assets, operating expenditures, net profit margins, and major players like SBI and ICICI Bank. The banking industry has grown at a healthy pace with advances increasing at a 17% CAGR. Deposits have also increased steadily. While NPAs pose some challenges, the future outlook remains positive due to government initiatives and increasing penetration of banking services.
ICICI Bank has emerged as the second largest bank in India with over $81 billion in assets and $896 million in profits. It has expanded globally with operations in 18 countries [S]. However, it primarily targets upper-income customers, missing opportunities with middle and lower-income groups [W]. It can expand its customer base by introducing more affordable services [O], but faces threats from increasing competition from other banks offering lower rates and fees [T].
Challenges for Foreign Banks Entering India Open New Opportunities for Consul...Cognizant
Foreign banks face regulatory, technological, and social hurdles when entering the Indian market. Regulatory challenges include complying with priority sector lending requirements and obtaining a banking license. Marketplace challenges involve competing in a diverse banking environment and developing products suited to Indian customers. Social issues incorporate integrating into relationships-based Indian banking and overcoming perceptions. Infrastructure barriers relate to implementing specialized IT systems. Consulting firms can help foreign banks navigate these obstacles by providing regulatory expertise, market research, branding support, and assistance integrating new technology platforms.
Globalization has significantly impacted the banking sector in India. Prior to liberalization in 1991, Indian banks lacked competitiveness and customer focus. The opening of the Indian economy introduced foreign and private banks that emphasized customer service, technology innovations, and new banking products. While increased competition has benefited customers, globalization has also introduced risks like increased cybercrime and volatility from global financial markets that impact the entire banking sector. Overall, globalization has transformed retail banking in India and increased competitiveness, technology usage, and customer satisfaction across both private and public sector banks.
Comparitive analysis of standard charatered bankviggy vanshi
This document provides an overview of a project report comparing Standard Chartered Bank to other multinational banks in India. It includes an introduction, industry profile on banking in India, objectives of the report, and outlines of upcoming chapters on Standard Chartered Bank's history, services, accounts, and comparisons to other banks. The document serves as a proposal and outline for the full report to be submitted in partial fulfillment of a Bachelor's degree in Business Administration.
IRJET-Indian Banking Sector at a GlanceIRJET Journal
Minakshi Dattatraya Bhosale "Indian Banking Sector at a Glance", International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume2,issue-01 April 2015.e-ISSN:2395-0056, p-ISSN:2395-0072. www.irjet.net
Abstract
Banking Industry is a piece of the economy in the world. Today we are placed in the time of globalization around the world. Worldwide acquaintances have acknowledged globalization as their first vital decision. Improvement in technology has encouraged globalization also. E-commerce, e-marketing, e-banking are today’s buzzwords. Banks have transformed them and are offering services through the Internet. Remarkably overriding element in the Indian economy and the financial sector was assumed by overseeing an accounting industry. The Indian financial sector underwent a sweeping change during the nineties. From the moderately closed and regulated environment in which agents had to operate earlier, the sector was launched up as part of the efficiency; enhancing structural policies bring about high sustainable long-term growth of the economy. The banking sector in India has come upon a speedy transformation. The actual primary purpose behind this change is the result of the enhanced security and encryption routines created on the Internet. The second reason is banks would be unwilling to lose a potential market share to banks that are willing to offer their services on the Internet. As banks rely increasingly on information technology and the Internet to carry on their business and interact with the market, technology risks will potentially increase, both for individual banks and the financial industry at large. Continuous technology advances and innovations are having significant impact on the way banks interact with their customers, suppliers and counterparts. This research paper focused on growth of Indian banking Industry. It mainly focused on Private and Public banks in India.
Introduction to World Banking StructureAakash Singh
The document provides an overview of the global banking structure and key details about some major international banks. It discusses the origins and evolution of the World Bank, describing its two main bodies: the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and International Development Association (IDA). Statistics are presented on GDP and banking market capitalization by country. The banking structures of the United Kingdom, China, and United States are highlighted for comparison.
The document provides an overview of the Indian and Chinese banking industries. It discusses the history and structure of banking in India, including the nationalization of banks in 1969. It outlines the major players in India by market share and growth over the past 5 years. For China, it describes the structure with the central bank and four largest state-owned commercial banks. It also analyzes the market dominance of these big four Chinese banks and provides rankings by assets, profits and other financial metrics.
The document discusses opportunities in the banking and financial services sector in India. It notes that the sector is rapidly expanding and diversifying. By 2020, India's banking industry has the potential to become the fifth largest in the world. Over the next decade, the sector is projected to create two million new jobs through expanding financial inclusion and the use of new technologies. The total banking sector credit is expected to grow significantly by 2017. The insurance market size is also expected to see substantial growth reaching $350-400 billion by 2020. The document outlines the major players in banks, non-banking financial companies, insurance, and mutual funds. It also discusses typical career opportunities in sales, operations, and entrepreneurship in the financial sector.
Retail banking refers to banking services provided to individuals and small businesses. It involves dealing with a large number of low-value transactions compared to wholesale banking which involves a small number of high-value transactions with large corporations. The document discusses the scope, opportunities, and strategies for increasing retail banking business in India. It notes that retail banking is an attractive market segment that offers opportunities for growth given India's growing middle class and their increasing purchasing power. Strategies to increase retail banking business include constant product innovation, quality service, introducing new delivery channels, tapping unexploited potential, infrastructure outsourcing, market research, and cross-selling of products.
Axis Bank was formerly known as UTI Bank and was established in 1994 through a joint venture between Unit Trust of India and other insurance companies. The bank rebranded itself as Axis Bank in 2007 to reflect its national and international presence. Axis Bank offers various retail and corporate banking products and services through its network of over 1,200 branches across India. It aims to be the preferred financial solutions provider through excellent customer service, empowered employees, and smart technology use. The bank has experienced strong growth in recent years and plans further expansion of its branch network and services.
A model based security requirements engineering frameworkIAEME Publication
This document presents a framework for security requirements engineering. It discusses how security requirements are often not properly considered early in the development process. It reviews related work on security requirements engineering, including a previous framework by Haley et al. that defined criteria for adequate security requirements. The proposed framework aims to improve on previous approaches by integrating security requirements elicitation and analysis into mainstream requirements activities from the beginning. It then compares the proposed framework to Haley's framework.
This document summarizes research on optimizing the design of an automotive composite drive shaft using genetic algorithms. The researchers aim to determine if a composite drive shaft can replace a conventional two-piece steel drive shaft. Key points:
1) A genetic algorithm is used to optimize ply thickness, number of plies, and stacking sequence of carbon/epoxy and glass/epoxy composite shafts. The objective is minimizing weight while meeting constraints of torque transmission, buckling load, and fundamental frequency.
2) Composite materials could allow a one-piece drive shaft with higher fundamental frequency than a steel shaft, avoiding the need for joints and supports. This would reduce weight, vibration, and costs.
3)
Class quality evaluation using class quality scorecardsIAEME Publication
The document describes a Class Breakpoint Analyzer tool that evaluates software quality using metrics. The tool extracts metrics like Weighted Methods per Class (WMC), Depth of Inheritance Tree (DIT), Number of Children (NOC), and Lack of Cohesion in Methods (LCOM) from source code. Threshold values for each metric indicate if a class needs restructuring. The tool generates a scorecard to determine if a class is overloaded or saturated. This helps improve reusability of existing software and evaluate code quality for junior programmers. The tool uses metrics from the Chidamber and Kemerer (CK) suite to analyze classes and suggest where to break classes for better design.
A critical study on road side marketing a new avenue for farmers in small v...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper on roadside marketing as a new avenue for farmers in small villages. The paper analyzes factors influencing customers' purchases of vegetables and fruits on roads and highways in Western Maharashtra, India. It reviews literature on agri-marketing and roadside stands. The study uses surveys of 50 farmers engaged in roadside sales and 200 customers to understand problems and how to better retain customers. Data collection involved interviews and discussions. The research aims to determine if roadside sales can maximize farmer profits by cutting out middlemen.
Octave wave sound signal measurements in ducted axial fan under stable region...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes research measuring octave wave sound signals in a ducted axial fan under stable operating conditions. The fan setup and instrumentation are described, including a microphone to capture sound pressures, BNC connector to transmit signals, and data acquisition system and LabVIEW software to analyze spectra. Experiments varied rotor speed from 2400-3600 rpm at a throttle position of 6 cm. Results showed sound pressure levels from 78-109 dB, with higher pressures at higher speeds indicating stable flow. Frequency domain analyses from 11Hz-11100Hz captured pressure variations corresponding to blade passing and stable operation. The work aims to better understand fan acoustics and stability through sound signal characterization.
Determination of optimum fft for wi max under different fadingIAEME Publication
This document discusses determining the optimal FFT size for WiMAX systems under different fading conditions. It presents the results of simulations performed using QualNet to analyze quality of service metrics like packet delivery ratio, delay, jitter and throughput for various FFT sizes (2048, 1024, 512, 128) and data rates (200-1000kbps) under Rayleigh and Rician fading. The key findings are that under Rayleigh fading, FFT size 128 provides the maximum tradeoff index, while under Rician fading, FFT size 512 is optimal. The tradeoff index, calculated as a weighted combination of the QoS metrics, is used to determine the best configuration.
Current state of the art pos tagging for indian languages – a studyIAEME Publication
This document summarizes current research on part-of-speech tagging for several Indian languages, including Hindi, Bengali, Tamil, Telugu, Gujarati, Malayalam, Manipuri, and Assamese. It describes different techniques used for POS tagging such as rule-based, stochastic, and neural approaches. It then reviews specific work done for each of the listed languages, describing different studies that have applied techniques like HMM, CRF, SVM, and achieved accuracies ranging from 69% to 98% depending on the language and approach used.
This document summarizes various techniques for transaction reordering that have been proposed in previous research. It discusses approaches that reorder transactions based on reducing resource conflicts as well as those that aim to increase resource sharing. Specific techniques covered include steal-on-abort, reordering in replicated databases, reordering for continuous data loading, and reordering to enable synchronized scans. The document provides comparisons of these different reordering strategies based on factors such as overhead, throughput, response time and whether they perform lock conflict analysis or enable resource sharing.
Aco based solution for tsp model for evaluation of software test suiteIAEME Publication
This document discusses using ant colony optimization (ACO) to evaluate software test suites. It begins by introducing software testing and describing how test cases are generated and test suites created. It then proposes using ACO to execute the test suite by formulating it as a traveling salesman problem (TSP) and having "ants" find optimal paths through test cases. The paper outlines the ACO algorithm and applies it to a sample test suite evaluation. It evaluates the accuracy and efficiency of the approach using metrics like precision, recall, iterative best cost, and average node branching. The technique is shown to evaluate test suites more efficiently than other algorithms like Dijkstra's algorithm.
Comparitive analysis of standard charatered bankviggy vanshi
This document provides an overview of a project report comparing Standard Chartered Bank to other multinational banks in India. It includes an introduction, industry profile on banking in India, objectives of the report, and outlines of upcoming chapters on Standard Chartered Bank's history, services, accounts, and comparisons to other banks. The document contains acknowledgments, certificates, tables of contents, and introduces the research methodology to be used in the analysis.
Alm in banks by Prabin kumar Parida, MFC, Utkal UniversityPrabin Kumar Parida
The document provides an overview of State Bank of India (SBI), the largest bank in India. It discusses SBI's history, operations, subsidiaries, international presence, management team, vision, mission and values. Some key points:
- SBI is India's largest bank with over 16,000 branches and assets of $388 billion as of 2013.
- It has domestic operations across India as well as an international presence with over 180 overseas offices.
- SBI has five associate banks and several non-banking subsidiaries that provide services like insurance, cards, and investment banking.
- The document outlines SBI's management structure and leadership team.
The document discusses and compares the services provided by public sector banks and private sector banks in India. It summarizes that private sector banks are offering more innovative services like internet banking, credit cards, and cash delivery. According to respondents, private sector banks provide better quality services and are more user-friendly, though some services have additional costs. Most private bank customers rate transactions and cash remittance times with their banks as excellent. Therefore, private sector banks are generally seen as providing higher quality services to customers in India compared to public sector banks.
The document is a project report on banking submitted by Jigar Soni for his summer internship at HDFC Bank. It provides an overview of HDFC Bank, including its history, products and services, technology used, business strategy and more. Some key points:
- HDFC Bank was established in 1994 with a mission to be a "World Class Indian Bank". It began operations in 1995.
- As of 2008, HDFC Bank had 761 branches and 1977 ATMs across 327 cities in India.
- The bank focuses on both retail and wholesale banking, with customer segments accounting for 84% of net revenues.
- HDFC Bank utilizes advanced technology like centralized processing, electronic straight-
The document provides an overview of the banking sector in India. It discusses the role and functions of the Reserve Bank of India as the central bank. It then summarizes the differences between nationalized and private banks. The document also provides details about ICICI Bank and State Bank of India, including their services, SWOT analyses, and the current scenario and requirements of the banking sector.
In the age of competition banking industry is facing increasing competition form not only private banks and International markets. The assumption is made or it is expected that the operational structure of banking in India will be changed in the near future due to the emergence of new private banks. The private banks are more enriched and diversified in spreading the wholesale as well as retail banking. The speedy expansion and diversification of private sector banks has led new challenges in front of the banking sector. Banking sector is coming with new strategies and policies to cope with the changing environment to face the competition. The existing banks getting the benefits of their wide branch network and geographic spread whereas new emerging private banks have the massive capital, lean personnel components expertise to develop financial product and use of state of the act technology. It has become very difficult to maintain balance between efficiency and stability as the banking institutions are increasing in present corporate environment.Banking institutions becoming complex under the impact of deregulation, innovation and technological up gradation. During the last 30years, since nationalisation tremendous changes have been seen in the financial markets as well as in the banking industry due to the financial sector reform. Now the banks are not more functioning on their traditional functions but they are innovating improving and coming out with the new types of services to full fit the emerging need of their customers. This paper explains the developments in the banking sector, significance of banking sector, new reforms, challenges faced by banking sector.
In the age of competition banking industry is facing increasing competition form
not only private banks and International markets. The assumption is made or it is
expected that the operational structure of banking in India will be changed in the
near future due to the emergence of new private banks. The private banks are
more enriched and diversified in spreading the wholesale as well as retail
banking. The speedy expansion and diversification of private sector banks has led
new challenges in front of the banking sector. Banking sector is coming with new
strategies and policies to cope with the changing environment to face the
competition. The existing banks getting the benefits of their wide branch network
and geographic spread whereas new emerging private banks have the massive
capital, lean personnel components expertise to develop financial product and use
of state of the act technology. It has become very difficult to maintain balance
between efficiency and stability as the banking institutions are increasing in
present corporate environment.Banking institutions becoming complex under the
impact of deregulation, innovation and technological up gradation. During the
last 30years, since nationalisation tremendous changes have been seen in the
financial markets as well as in the banking industry due to the financial sector
reform. Now the banks are not more functioning on their traditional functions but they are innovating improving and coming out with the new types of services to
full fit the emerging need of their customers. This paper explains the
developments in the banking sector, significance of banking sector, new reforms,
challenges faced by banking sector.
A Descriptive Study on Trends in Indian Banking Sectorijtsrd
Banking sector assumes an essential job in the improvement of one nations economy. The development of the banking segment relies on the administrations given by them to the clients in different viewpoints. The developing pattern of banking administrations is discovered huge after the new financial changes in India. Today, India has a genuinely very much created financial framework with various classes of banks open part banks, outside banks, private area banks both old and new age, local country banks and co employable manages an account with the Reserve Bank of India as the wellspring Head of the framework. These days the banking area goes about as a spine of Indian economy which reflects as a supporter during the time of blast and subsidence. From 1991 different patterns and improvements in the banking division are credited. It likewise mirrors the different changes were caused to improve their administrations to fulfill the clients. S. Lyrics Miruna "A Descriptive Study on Trends in Indian Banking Sector" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25234.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/25234/a-descriptive-study-on-trends-in-indian-banking-sector/s-lyrics-miruna
Banking involves accepting deposits from the public and using those funds to issue loans. This provides a safe place for savings and supplies liquidity to fuel economic growth through business and consumer lending. Over time, the Indian banking system has evolved from indigenous banks to direct government intervention through nationalization, liberalization with the entry of private banks, and now includes foreign banks. The major types of banks in India are public sector, private sector, cooperative, rural, and foreign banks that all work to mobilize savings and facilitate transactions.
The document provides an overview of the promising future of the banking sector in India. It discusses the growth of the various types of banks in India including nationalized banks, private banks, foreign banks, and cooperative banks. It also summarizes the role of the Reserve Bank of India in controlling monetary policy and managing the country's currency reserves. The banking sector has experienced significant changes in recent decades through the nationalization of banks, entry of private banks, and increased presence of foreign banks which has led to more competitive and customer-friendly services.
PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES ON INDIAN BANKING SECTOR IN PRE AND POST GLOBALISATIO...IAEME Publication
The post-nationalization era saw a sea-change in the banking scenario: financial stability of public sector banks (PSBs) controlling more than 84% of Banking business of the country, PSBs commanding trust and confidence of the Banking-public, expansion of Branch net-work of Banks – particularly in hitherto unbanked rural and semi-urban centers, opening up the banking services accessible to the rural poor, expansion of credit to agriculture, small scale industries and small entrepreneurs, artisans – even to the marginal farmers, small shop-owners, vegetable vendors etc.
The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision introduced stricter Basel III regulations after the 2008 financial crisis to strengthen banks' capital requirements and promote a more resilient banking sector. The key changes included higher minimum capital requirements, a capital conservation buffer, a countercyclical capital buffer, strengthened capital treatment for trading book exposures and securitizations, more stringent counterparty credit risk rules, and the introduction of a non-risk-based leverage ratio. The regulations aimed to reduce systemic risk, improve risk management practices, and promote a safer banking system overall.
IDBI Bank has expertise in project financing and providing customized solutions to businesses, supported by state-of-the-art IT systems. However, it has relatively low penetration in rural areas and a small network of branches and ATMs compared to major competitors like SBI and HDFC Bank. Going forward, IDBI Bank aims to improve customer service and tap opportunities in personal banking to grow its business. It faces threats from increased competition from other banks and potential economic downturns.
This document provides an overview of the banking sector in India. It discusses the history and evolution of banking in India including the establishment of public sector banks, private sector banks, foreign banks, cooperative banks, and other financial institutions. It also summarizes the roles of the Reserve Bank of India and provides examples of prominent public and private sector banks in India as well as foreign banks operating in the country. Finally, it outlines various career opportunities and job profiles for MBAs in the promising banking sector.
Presentation on banking sector needs consolidationPankajSingla
This document discusses various topics related to banking in India, including types of banks, facilities offered by banks, adoption of banking technology, consolidation in the banking sector, and functions of the Reserve Bank of India. It notes that consolidation can provide benefits like growth, universal banking models, synergy benefits, and strategic and market advantages. However, challenges include integrating people and technology between merging banks.
This document provides an overview of the Indian banking industry and IDBI Bank. It discusses the structure of the banking industry in India including public sector banks, private sector banks, and foreign banks. It provides details on the historical development and nationalization of banks. The current state of the industry is described as transitioning, with public sector banks addressing high NPAs and workforce while private banks grow through mergers. IDBI Bank is introduced but no specific details are provided about its performance or factors influencing it.
This document provides an overview of the Indian banking industry and IDBI Bank. It discusses the structure of the banking industry in India including public sector banks, private sector banks, and foreign banks. It provides details on the historical development and nationalization of banks. The current state of the industry is described as transitioning, with public sector banks addressing high NPAs and workforce while private banks grow through mergers. IDBI Bank is introduced but no specifics are provided. The document appears to be an introductory chapter for a project report.
A Study on Emerging Challenges & Opportunities for Indian Banking Sectorinventionjournals
Banking sector is treated as a backbone of a nation as it plays multifarious role for the all total growth of a developing country like India. The banking industry in India has a huge canvas of history, which covers the traditional banking Practices from the time of Britishers to the reforms period, nationalization to privatization of banks and now increasing numbers of foreign banks in India. Therefore, Banking in India has been through a long journey. Banking industry in India has also achieved a new height with the changing times. The use of technology has brought a revolution in the working style of the banks. Nevertheless, the fundamental aspects of banking i.e. trust and the confidence of the people on the institution remain the same. Here commercial banks cater to short and medium term financing requirements, while national level and state level financial institutions meet longer-term requirements. Banking industry in India has also achieved anew height with the changing times. Most of banks provide various services such as Mobile banking, SMS & Net banking and ATMs to their customers for their convenience. The use of technology has brought a revolution in the working style of the banks. Banking today has transformed into a technology intensive and customer friendly model with a focus inconvenience. However, changing dynamics of banking business also brings new kind of risk exposure
Credit management & npa of co operative bank ltd.1jitharadharmesh
This document provides an overview of the banking industry and system in India. It discusses the different types of banks in India including nationalized banks, private banks, cooperative banks, and specialized banking institutions. It also outlines the structure of the Indian banking system, which consists of scheduled commercial banks, regional rural banks, cooperative banks, and other specialized institutions. The document was submitted as part of a project report on conducting a financial statement analysis of Rajkot District Cooperative Bank in India.
Similar to Risk and technology management in banking industry (20)
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
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Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
2. International Journal of Management
When does risk go out of hands? The also been relentlessly following up with
sub-questions arising out of this are the banks. As a result, the RMA – Risk
complex enough. Therefore, the answers management Architecture, is in place at
are not going to come by easily. As far most of the banks.
as the structured Risk Management
Key Words: Banking, Risk
mechanism is concerned, we seem to be Management, Technology Management
on course. Reserve Bank of India has
1. Introduction coupled with the range and depth of their
Financial System is the most important services make the system an
institutional and functional vehicle for indispensable medium in every day
economic transformation of any country. transactions. The virtual monopoly of
Banking sector is reckoned as a hub and banks in `Payment Mechanism' touches
barometer of the financial system. As a the lives of millions of people every day
pillar of the economy, this sector plays a and every where. Thus the banking
predominant role in the economic sector has been playing a significant role
development of the country. The as growth facilitator.
geographical pervasiveness of the bank
and any where banking. The major
2. The Changing Paradigm of challenge faced by banks today is to
Banking protect the falling margins due to the
Change is the only constant factor in this impact of competition. Another
dynamic world and banking is not an significant impact of banks today is the
exception. The changes staring in the technology issue. There is an imperative
face of bankers relates to the need for not mere technology up
fundamental way of banking-which is gradation but also its integration with the
undergoing rapid transformation in the general way of functioning of banks to
world of today, in response to the forces give them an edge in respect of services
of completion productivity and provided to optimizing the use of funds
efficiency of operations, reduced and building up MIS for decision
operating margins better asset/liability making and better management of assets
management, risk management, any time and liabilities and risk assumed which in
44
3. International Journal of Management
turns have a direct impact on the balance deposit base of Rs. 1,14,272 crores.
sheet of banks as a whole. Word over, There are large banks known as the
technology has demonstrated potential to ‘nationalised banks’ which have huge
change methods of selling marketing, government ownership along with
advertising, designing, pricing and significant private share holders. There
distributing financial products of an are relatively new private sector banks,
electronic, self-service product delivery most of which are multi-nationals. All
channel. All these changes call for a over India there are numerous co-
new, more dynamic, aggressive and operative banks and the Regional Rural
challenging work culture to meet the Banks. And, there are some highly
demands of customer relationships, profitable foreign banks. There are many
product differentiation, brand values, odd entities known as NBFCs – Non-
reputation, corporate governance and Banking Finance Companies. The
regulatory prescriptions. regulatory authority for all these, except
for the cooperative banks, is the RBI –
The Indian financial system,
Reserve Bank of India.
particularly the banking system is very
India still does not have world class
diverse. The State Bank of India
banks. However, the huge size of the
occupies the top slot, which has been in
State Bank of India, coupled with the
existence since 1806. It has 9038 fully
strength of several subsidiaries, is an
computerized branches, in India and
indication that the Indian banks can go
abroad, 3814 ATMs and has deposits to
global. No less is the strength of the
the tune of Rs. 3,18,619 crores, Then,
“nationalised banks’” share. Some banks
there are 7 subsidiary banks of SBI, like
already have overseas presence and
the State Bank of Mysore etc. These
many more are in the process of
seven subsidiaries have a branch
breaking the national barriers.
network of 4596 branches, with a
M & A s, mergers and acquisitions. State
3. The Era of Mergers and Bank of India and it’s subsidiaries are in
Acquisitions the process of forming themselves into a
All this has lead the Indian banking giant entity, huge enough to ensure a
industry towards the next logical step of place in the Guinness Book of World
45
4. International Journal of Management
Records. will help these banks to stay afloat on
their own and in the eventuality of a
Two big nationalized banks, Bank of
India and Union Bank of India, have takeover, hostile or otherwise, will make
the buyers to pay for all the value-
announced their plans to merge into one
entity. Sometime back, Reserve Bank of additions that they would have made.
India ensured a supervised merger of the
3.1 The Entry of Technology in Indian
beleaguered GTB – Global Trust Bank
Banking:
with the OBC – Oriental Bank of Technology caught the fancy of the
Commerce. That the exercise succeeded Indian banking czars in the ‘80s. The
without creating a commotion among the main hurdle, in a country known for its
GTB clientele speaks of the maturity of socialistic leanings and democracy,
the Indian banking industry and the came from the trade unionists. In a
deftness with which the Reserve Bank of country struggling to implement
India handled the issue. employment generation oriented plans,
So, mergers and acquisitions are here ideas of mechanization and consequent,
to stay ! The banking circle is agog with and inevitable, loss of jobs did not gel
rumours of which big fish is going to well. They tried to stall the idea until the
swallow which small fish. Many foreign market forces over took the scene. Once
banks are known to have been on these the bankers tasted blood there was no
‘fishing expeditions’. The bankers are let-go of the situation. Today,
still on the high seas and the size of their technology has made fair inroads into
catch is still not known ! The year 2005 the domain of banking in India.
promises a lot of action. A lot of bank
logos are bound to go into the oblivion, Basic computerization has been
but only after ensuring a more-than-fair achieved in the entire banking industry.
return to their stakeholders. So much so, that a good number of ‘co-
Interestingly, the so-called ‘small fishes’ operative banks’ spread all over India
have demonstrated amazing dexterity have also been computerized. In short, in
and presence of mind and have the banking industry in India today, a
modernized themselves beyond belief. bank, which is not computerised, stands
This transformation, on the one hand, out for its non-compliance!
46
5. International Journal of Management
Not only the entry-level technology expected to grow to $261.7 billion out of
but, the core-banking technology or the a total market size of $1010.4 billion, a
networked banking technology has also 26 percent contribution. These figures
gained a lot of ground. The ‘private highlight the importance of BFSI to the
banks’ like the HDFC Bank and ICICI software industry.
Bank, are in the forefront having A Gartner report says that banking
implemented technology to the level software will grow at a CAGR of 13.5
which is comparable to the best, from percent from 2000 to 2005. The total
world standards. revenue from packaged software was
$22 billion in 2002 and is expected to
4. The Quantum of Global Investment
grow at 8 percent to reach $38 billion in
in Technology
2005. Industry pundits estimate that
There’s no doubt that it’s big business. A Indian banks spend Rs 150 crore and
report by the Tower Group states that above on software and hardware for core
banks will allocate over one-fourth of and Internet banking on an average.
their technology budgets, approximately When the investments are in this range,
$37.5 billion on a global basis, on core it calls for a deeper analysis of the
banking software, hardware and subject.
services. 4.1 The Bankers’ Interpretation of
A recent Nasscom-McKinsey study on Technology:
the global software business revealed Technology is a less understood but
that the Banking, Financial Services and much hyped concept in the Indian
Insurance (BFSI) segment would banking industry. The general perception
continue to be the largest vertical and is that it is the panacea for all human
drive software revenues. According to inefficiencies. In a positive way, it is
this study, the BFSI segment contributed said to be the vehicle which can translate
$68.3 billion out of a total market size of your wishful thinking into realities.
$326.8 billion in the year 1997, a 21 Here, the technology drives the people
percent contribution. By the year 2008, or the people drive technology is not
the BFSI segment contribution is known. Sadly, technology is becoming a
sort of cat and mouse story. Here, the
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6. International Journal of Management
mouse refers to the mouse as well as the lot of investments, time and manpower,
“mouse”, cat refers to the human may be in another form.
endeavour to make technology equal to · Enormous investments have been
human intelligence, if not overtake it. made in buying technology, adding
Technology is becoming a more and to the costs.
· A lot of time-investment has gone
deeper rooted mechanism. The initial
euphoria when computer technology was into imbibing the technology and,
· A new breed and creed of man-
born was that it is going to be the ‘be-
all’ aid to the banker. So much so that, in power has entered the banking
portals in the garb of ‘computer
the 70s somebody wrote that, in future, a
billionaire can float a bank single techies’!
handedly, of course, aided by the
DR – Disaster Recovery was not a
computers Therefore, the common belief
concept ever thought of by the
among the bankers in India is that the
pioneers of computer technology.
technology is not only a substitute for
They always looked at the brighter
human drudgery but also the panacea for
side of technology and never assumed
all kinds risks, including those caused by
that it can cause a disaster also! The
their own lack of supervision! But,
terms like Hot Site evolved only to
technology, as it is evolving day by day,
give meaning to the concepts like the
is unwittingly throwing up its many
Disaster Recovery, which itself was a
inadequacies and the techies are
new kind of expression. Human mind
scurrying around to find newer and
is trying to delegate more and more of
newer patches to plug those gaping
its chores to technology. While human
holes.
mind is a superb, unbeatable super-
I shall enumerate my statement with computer, technology is only a poor
some simple examples. cousin of that. The stronger the
machine, the more inadequacies fall
Technology started as a cost cutting,
out.
time saving and man power saving
device. But, present day technology is Human mind is an amalgam of all the
technological phrases that have evolved
not like that. Actually, it is demanding a
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7. International Journal of Management
so far – you built a Hard Disk and the point of Data Warehousing and Data
race for hard disk capacity started in no Purging concepts.
time. Today, some people talk of the
Hard Disk capacity of their computers, Thus, the levels of sophistication being
as if it is a status symbol. No sooner you achieved by us are giving way to newer
find a bigger hard disk, human ingenuity demands on the technology. And
finds newer stuff to load on to it, be it enormous time, energy and resources are
text, be it sound, be it graphics or a being expended to devise newer
combo of all like the streaming video. controls. All this could have been okay
The hard disk capacity of the human but for the speed of technology
mind is infinite. obsolescence. By the time we are
comfortable with one level of
A bigger Hard Disk did not necessarily technology that level goes for a toss and
mean big relief; it became a cause of a more sophisticated technology takes
concern. What if my hard disk crashes over. And, it is not easy for an industry
was the nagging question. Thus evolved like banking to switch gears at that
the concept of “Backup”. Multifarious speed.
solutions were invented to tackle this
issue, like the floppies, the CDs and the 4.2 Risk in Banking Industry:
Tapes. So far so good. Risk and Reward go hand in hand.
The banking fraternity best understands
What if my data base refuses to open this wisdom. But, the million dollar
up? So, the concept of BCP – Business question is how much risk is enough?
Continuity Plan evolved. The more you Where to draw the line? When does risk
store, the more is the risk and this risk is go out of hands? The sub-questions
potent enough to cause a disaster. And, arising out of this are complex enough.
the DRP – Disaster Recovery Plan was Therefore, the answers are not going to
conceived. come by easily.
I am crammed with data, can I store Bankers have awaken to this reality
some of my less needed data else where and in the recent past a lot of effort has
? Yeah, sure, and, that was the starting been made to go into the genesis of this
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8. International Journal of Management
concept called risk. Your friendly local focus of this Paper.
banker makes efforts and efforts are
4.3 Risk Management:
made at the multi-national level under
Risk Management is not new to
the aegis of Basle II.
banking industry. The concept of risk
Risks reside in business processes and evolved from the day the concept of
so business process mapping is a pre- banking evolved. From that day onwards
requisite for risk identification. But, how bankers have been managing risks in
many banks have documented the their own way. Now, the induction of
processes ? Not many. This will not technology is calling for an effective
make risk assessment comprehensive. framework to tackle risks. Earlier, the
The result can be detrimental to the processes of control, audit and
interests of banks as a low risk can be supervision were all guided by the
put to costly mitigation processes, transactions. Now, the industry has seen
leaving a higher risk being unattended. the need for shift from transaction based
Bankers have identified three basic supervision to risk based supervision.
risks:
· Credit Risks Accordingly, Reserve Bank of India
· Market Risks has taken the lead in inculcating the need
· Operational Risks for RBS – Risk Based Supervision of
banks in India, with the objectives of
Many more risks are being unearthed allocating supervisory resources and
like, paying supervisory attention in
accordance with the risk profile of each
· Reputation Risks
bank. The RBS process essentially
· Information Risk involves continuous monitoring and
· Exchange Rate Risk
evaluation of the risk profiles of the
banks in relation to their business
However, I shall not elaborate the
strategy and exposures. This would be
areas of risks in banking. Rather, I done with the construction of a Risk
would deal with the concept of
Matrix for each bank. Reserve Bank has
Risk Management, which is the proposed:
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9. International Journal of Management
· Risk Profiling of the Banks. Data cleansing and data enrichment
· Setting up of a supervisory efforts on an on-going basis, go a long
Programme way in ensuring smooth transition to
· Drawing up of a Monitorable computerized environment.
Action Plan. Complacency and misplaced faith seem
· Introduction of Enforcement to be the causative factors of these
Process and Incentive framework lacunae.
· Induction of external auditors in 2. Soundness of Systems and
banking supervision Technology is of course there. Here the
· Imparting Change Management trouble seems to be of a peculiar nature.
Implications for the banks. Initially, bankers were reluctant to
embrace technology, courtesy the
belligerent attitude of the trade unions.
However, the success of this depends on
When they did make a move to adopt it,
the following:
technology had moved a notch upwards
· Quality and Reliability of Data
and most of the banks were saddled with
· Soundness of Systems and
the outdated technology. Private Banks
Technology
entered the field at this stage and
· Appropriateness of Risk Control
flaunted the state of the art tech
Mechanism developed and adopted
savvyness. For a while it looked as if the
by the banks
Indian banking is about to be taken over
· Supporting corporate, HR and
by the private banks. Once the euphoria
organizational back up.
subsided, the fence jumpers came back
to the nationalized banks’ fold. Then, the
1. The quality and reliability of the nationalized banks flexed their muscles
data remains a suspect. It is neither and went shopping for the in-things in
because of the inaccuracy in accounting technological gizmos. Today, the level
nor because of any fraudulent activities. playing field is in place. Major
It is due to the poor quality of nationalized banks, even some Co-
“migration” to computerized Operative banks, are offering what the
environment without cleansing the data. Blue Eyed Boys were boasting of all
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10. International Journal of Management
along. The days to come, in this sense, vanish. If not, it is a tribute to the
will be interesting to watch. bankers’ maturity and the cause for
3. Then, let us look at the swelling profits.. The element of profit is
appropriateness of Risk Control loaded into the interest as an essential
Mechanism developed and adopted by component. A banker arrives at a credit
the banks. This is also the focus of my decision by the inter-play of his
Paper being presented to you now. On professional expertise, mental
paper, yes, most of the banks claim to be assessment of the borrower, aided by the
having their RCM in place. Practically diverse data – statements, statistics,
speaking the answer is NO. The reasons ratios, percentages et all –
are multifarious, complemented by his READING of the
4. Inadequate description of the borrower / situation. Provided the data
term RISK. – Risk is a very complex placed before him is accurate, his
expression to quantify. A sensible way reading of the customer / situation,
of describing risk is by listing what it is becomes THE deciding factor in
NOT ! The real risk cannot be seen. A extending the credit line. A Winning
foreseen risk is not a risk at all. In banker reads BETWEEN the lines,
accepting the expression that the RISK others just read! I am not talking of this
and REWARD complement each other, invisible element in this context when I
we unknowingly imply and involve the say, “inadequate description of the term
human wisdom. A human mind takes a RISK”. I am talking of the inadequacies
calculated risk, a computer merely of the bankers in deciding upon their
calculates. But, it calculates it so fast requirements. I call these risks as
that the human being’s ability to take a quantifiable risks. Many bankers base
decision is vastly facilitated by that. A their judgment relying on the adequacy
banker earns his profit not by listing all of the data placed before them and not
these risks. He earns his profits by by calling for the missing links. This is
accepting the possibility of occurrence what I call as the inadequate description
of some risks not listed in that of risk.
compendium of risks. The logic is, if 5. Lacunae existing in migration
those risks materialize the reward will stage are not remedied. This is a simple
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11. International Journal of Management
problem but with a potential to cause Storing and retrieval, Firewalls etc.
damage. Data cleansing and data Every new development assures
enrichment should be the preconditions enhanced safety and security of data, but
to migrate to the new level of with a hefty price tag attached to it.
computerization. Many banks have 8. The threat of technology
overlooked this area and are content with obsolescence – banks are physically
the safe migration. This is a one time disappearing and banking is flourishing!
exercise which should be undertaken by The concepts like Internet banking,
the banks. Phone banking and Mobile banking
6. Lack of understanding of coupled with the mobile work-force like
technology among the senior bankers. the Relationship Managers and
Age does prove to be a barrier in marketers-on-foot, who can sell you
assimilating technology faster. Today’s anything from a Credit Card to a
generation adapts and adopts the current Housing Loan, have broken down the
level of technology in real time. But, the physical walls of bank branches. Today
older generation takes its time to it appears as if we have reached the
comprehend technology. zenith of technology. But, tomorrow is
7. Increasing demands of another day ! Wifi and Bluetooth,
technology are very expensive – emboldened by the broadband seem to
Technology in itself is never secure or so be the goodies of tomorrow. The
it seems. The framework of technology assimilation of these technologies
is so fragile that it needs the support of themselves will be an expensive
so many security measures. The hall proposition. Then comes the attendant
mark of human brain is that, unlike risks. As of now wireless technology is
technology, it is totally secure. But not considered to be very safe and
technology keeps discovering the need secure. That itself makes us pay for the
for many modes of security. The security infra-structure. Thus, one level
vocabulary of technology keeps of technology becoming obsolete and the
expanding with newer terminologies like dawn of a new level of technology place
DRP – Disaster Recovery Plans, Hot a heavy monetary burden on the end
Sites, Networked environment, Data users, apart from causing the logistic
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12. International Journal of Management
gaps. risk of
10. Bestowing this virtue also on the
technology. Displaced solace drawn
Lack of bankers with dual talent –
from CAR – Capital Adequacy Ratio.
Hands-on experience of banking AND
Capital Adequacy Ratio merely specifies
the capacity to understand the current
the benchmarks of capital requirements,
level of technology makes a good bank
for indulging in every kind of banking
executive. The slow-intake of
activity. Adequate capital does not mean
technology by the senior bankers has
adequate cover towards risk
created a piquant situation where by the
management. Adequate capital only
time and energy spent on technology
empowers a bank to indulge in specified
assimilation is much more than the time
banking activity and it provides no cover
devoted to their core-competence
from the inherent risks. One should not
namely banking. Any executive who has
hope to live longer merely by increasing
this dual talent demonstrates a migratory
the life insurance cover obtained by him
trend..
! Still, should you choose to die, the
9. Misplaced total faith in stipulated insurance cover is certainly
technology. Technology is what available for the asking.
technology does and NOTHING more! 11. Basle II places considerable
Bankers get confused between their responsibility on the shoulders of the
thinking faculties and the computing bankers. Basle II calls for a complete
capabilities of the technology. One is not overhaul of banking and pin-points the
the substitute for the other ! Technology possible pit-falls. Again, the
is good when it is viewed from the angle preparedness to adopt Basle II is
of its limitations. The moment you misunderstood by the bankers as their
assume it to be anything more than a umbrella to shield against the Risk
catalyst, the problems start. The speed, management. Bankers assume the three
the accuracy, the analytical strength and types of traditional risks viz Credit,
its multi dimensional, multimedia Market, and Operations to be the only
presentation are no substitute for the risks. The other types of risks viz
capacity to think. Many bankers run the Reputation and Exchange Rate Risk are
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13. International Journal of Management
also equally potent ones. be a slave in the hands of its master and
12. A new kind of risk is adding to the where the master falters, the roles get
list -Information Risk. Today, the inter-changed! Some one has beautifully
‘Branch’ barriers are broken and coined a joke that, a computer is just like
networked single entity is in place. This your wife; it remembers every small
itself happens to be a great risk for the mistake committed by you and pops it
uninitiated. Further, there is no up at the least expected time.
geographical boundary for the banks
which is penetrated by a small gizmo 5. RMA – Risk Management
called the mobile phone. Believe me, Architecture
today a mobile phone is indeed capable Banks have realized that there is a lot at
of wreaking havoc in a technologically stake and have woken up to the realities
unprepared and un-safeguarded bank. of Risk Based Supervision. The stringent
13. There is no substitute to hard work, provisions of Basle II norms have given
particularly among the banking them an opportunity to clean up their
fraternity. The CONTROL duties stables. Compliance with CAR – Capital
allocated to them, to be performed by Adequacy Ratio, not an easy task, has
them and them alone, cannot be added to the confidence level of the
delegated to machines. Machines do not banks. Reserve Bank of India has also
CONTROL anything. They merely made it mandatory for all banks to fall in
translate your instructions into processes line with Basle II accord. Thus, the
and actions. Human brain works on banks have taken the Risk Based
intuitions, a machine doesn’t. Therefore, approach in their stride and have
you have to instruct your machine in initiated many measures, such as,
unambiguous terms. Computer is said to
management Information System
Setting up of a RMA – Risk and Information Technology.
Management Architecture · Addressing of HRD issues
· Setting up of Compliance Units.
· Adoption of Risk-focused
· Reserve Bank has drawn up a
Internal Audit.
schedule for implementation of
· Strengthening of MIS –
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14. International Journal of Management
this transitional task Reserve Bank of India continuing to play
the role of a friend, philosopher and
CRISIL, the leading credit rating guide, Indian banking, in 2005, is poised
institution of India has drawn a road for a lot of action coupled with safety
map for the implementation of IRM – and security.
Integrated Risk management by
Banks by March 2005.
CRISIL has drawn up another chart
defining the datelines for IRM
implementation. Most of the Indian
banking industry has fallen in line and
are geared up to perform in the IRM –
Integrated Risk Management era.
6. Conclusion
As far as the structured Risk
Management mechanism is concerned,
we seem to be on course. Reserve Bank
of India has also been relentlessly
following up with the banks. As a result,
the RMA – Risk management
Architecture, is in place at most of the
banks. Compliance with Basle II norms
is giving a common identity to Indian
banks and also ensuring a level playing
field to enter the international banking
arena. With the WTO provisions coming
into being in a big way, Basle II norms
being applied, core banking solutions in
place, at major banks, Risk Management
Architecture having been built and
56
15. International Journal of Management
7. References Emerging Area for Lending :
1. Status of the Indian Banking Commentary in State Bank
Industry : A Survey by FICCI Economic Newsletter, Vol
: 2004 XXXVII No.6, Feb 10, 2003
2. Retail Banking in the New 9. Retail Banking – An
Flavour by P S Sodhi : IBA Overview : Dr T S
Bulletin : December 2004 Padmanabhan : Banking
3. Retail Banking in India : The Finance : October 2004
Key Growth Driver by 10. Abundant opportunities in
Manoranjan Sharma : retail banking in India : IIBF
Professional Banker (ICFAI), : Sep 2004
February 2005 11. The sum & substance of
4. Retail Banking and Trends in personal loans : Sudhanshu
Financial Markets : Reading Ranade : Business Line dated
Material of QIP of AICTE : August 22, 2004
TAPMI, Manipal, February 7 12. Retail Finance : A safe bet
– 11, 2005 for the next five years : CRIS
5. Implementing Basel II in Infac (research subsidiary of
Emerging Markets : CRISIL) study : The Best of
Challenges & Issues by B M CRISIL 2003
Mittal : BanCon 2004 : IBA 13. Trend and Progress of
and Punjab National Bank : Banking in India : RBI 2003-
(Indian Banking : Realizing 04
Global Aspirations) 14. Retail Loans : Is a bubble in
6. Year-end Summary of the the making? Vinod Sharma :
Banking Sector : Indian Professional Banker (ICFAI),
Institute of Banking & January 2005
Finance : December 2004 15. Retail Banking – A Focus : R
7. Retail Lending takes the lead A Almedia, IBA Bulletin, Nov
: IIBF : November 2004 2003
8. Retail Financing : The 16. Banking Industry : Vision
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16. International Journal of Management
2010 – IBA Bulletin Special 20. Jain Mal Paras, 2005,
Issue Jan 2004 Consolidation In Banking
17. Business Today : BT-KPMG Industry Through Mergers
Survey of Best Banks in India And Acquisitions, IBA
2004 Bulletin, Volume XXVII,
18. Bhatnagar R.G, 2001, M&A No.1, January 63-68.
– The Key To Survival, 21. JayakarRoshani, 2004, The
Mergers And Acquisitions: Urge To Merge, Business
New Perspectives, ICFAI, Today, Vol.13, No.17, August
167-172. 29, 54-58.
19. Gupta Ashish, 2004, Time 22. Jayakar Roshani, 2004,
For Change, Business Today, Goodbye IDBI, Hello IDBI
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