1. The document discusses hemodynamic disorders, thromboembolic disease, and shock. It covers topics such as thrombosis, thrombus formation, hypercoagulable states, and the fate of thrombi.
2. Thrombosis is the formation of a solid mass or thrombus in the circulatory system. Virchow's triad describes the key events in thrombus formation - endothelial injury, altered blood flow, and hypercoagulability.
3. Thrombus formation involves platelet activation at the site of injury, release of coagulation factors, and formation of a fibrin clot. Hypercoagulable states increase the risk of developing venous thrombosis.
This is a presentation on the topic of Adaptations, Cell injury and cell death, prepared by Dr Ashish Jawarkar, he is MD in pathology and a teacher at Parul institute of Medical sciences and research Vadodara.
This is a presentation on the topic of Adaptations, Cell injury and cell death, prepared by Dr Ashish Jawarkar, he is MD in pathology and a teacher at Parul institute of Medical sciences and research Vadodara.
This is the power point that explains about the blood and blood cells. Power point describes about the mechanism of coagulation and defense cells of our circulatory system.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Hemostasis and coagulation of blood For M.Sc & Basic Medical Students by Pand...Pandian M
Blood coagulation
Mechanism of coagulation
STAGES OF HEMOSTASIS
Coagulation of blood
Factors involved in blood clotting
Enzyme cascade theory
Mechanisms for formation of prothrombin activator
Fibrinolysis
Anticlotting mechanism in the body
Applied physiology
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
3. THROMBOSIS
• Thrombosis is the process of formation of solid mass in
circulation from the constituents of flowing blood; the mass
itself is called a thrombus.
4. • Haematoma is the extravascular accumulation of blood e.g. into the
tissues.
• Haemostatic plugs are the blood clots formed in healthy individuals at
the site of bleeding e.g. in injury to the blood vessel.
• Haemostatic plugs are useful as they stop escape of blood and
plasma, whereas thrombi developing in the unruptured
cardiovascular system may be life-threatening by causing one of the
following harmful effects:
1. Ischaemic injury- Thrombi may decrease or stop the blood supply to
part of an organ or tissue and cause ischaemia which may
subsequently result in infarction.
2. Thromboembolism- Thrombus or its part may get dislodged and be
carried along in the bloodstream as embolus to lodge in a distant
vessel.
5. Pathophysiology
• Injury to the blood vessel initiates haemostatic repair
mechanism or thrombogenesis.
• Virchow described three primary events which predispose to
thrombus formation (Virchow’s triad): endothelial injury,
altered blood flow, and hypercoagulability of blood.
• To this are added the activation processes that follow these
primary events: activation of platelets and of clotting system.
7. 1. ENDOTHELIAL INJURY
• The integrity of blood vessel wall is important for maintaining normal
blood flow.
• An intact endothelium has the following functions:
i) It protects the flowing blood from thrombogenic influence of
subendothelium.
ii) Few anti-thrombotic factors (thrombosis inhibitory factors) as follows:
a) Heparin-like substance
b) Thrombomodulin
c) Inhibitors of platelet aggregation such as ADPase, PGI2 (or prostacyclin).
d) Tissue plasminogen activator which accelerates fibrinolytic activity.
iii) It releases a few prothrombotic factors which have procoagulant
properties (thrombosis favouring factors) as under:
a) Thromboplastin or tissue factor
b) von Willebrand factor
c) Platelet activating factor
d) Inhibitor of plasminogen activator
8. • Vascular injury exposes the subendothelial extracellular
matrix or ECM (e.g. collagen, elastin, fibronectin, laminin
and glycosaminoglycans) which is thrombogenic and thus
plays an important role in initiating haemostasis as well as
thrombosis.
• Injury to vessel wall also causes vasoconstriction of small
blood vessels briefly so as to reduce the blood loss.
9. • A number of factors and conditions may cause vascular
injury and predispose to the formation of thrombi:
i) Endocardial injury in myocardial infarction, myocarditis,
cardiac surgery, prosthetic valves.
ii) Ulcerated plaques in advanced atherosclerosis.
iii) Haemodynamic stress in hypertension.
iv) Arterial diseases.
v) Diabetes mellitus.
vi) Endogenous chemical agents such as
hypercholesterolaemia, endotoxins.
vii) Exogenous chemical agents such as cigarette smoke.
10. 2. ROLE OF PLATELETS
• Endothelial cell injury, platelets come to play a central role in
normal haemostasis as well as in thrombosis. The sequence of
events is as under:
i) Platelet adhesion Glycoprotein Ib (GpIb) receptor on the
platelets recognises the site of endothelial injury
ii) ii) Platelet release reaction- Activated platelets then undergo
release reaction by which the platelet granules are released to
the exterior.
• Two main types of platelet granules are released:
a) Dense bodies -Their release liberates ADP (adenosine diphosphate), ionic
calcium, 5-HT (serotonin), histamine and epinephrine.
b) Alpha granules -Their release produces fibrinogen, fibronectin, platelet-
derived growth factor (PDGF), platelet factor 4 (an antiheparin) and
thrombospondin.
11. iii) Platelet aggregation
• Following release of ADP, a potent platelet aggregating
agent, aggregation of additional platelets takes place
(secondary aggregation). This results in formation of
temporary haemostatic plug.
13. 3. ROLE OF COAGULATION SYSTEM
• Coagulation mechanism is the conversion of the plasma
fibrinogen into solid mass of fibrin. The coagulation system is
involved in both haemostatic process and thrombus
formation.
i) In the intrinsic pathway, contact with abnormal surface
(e.g. ECM in the subendothelium) leads to activation of
factor XII and the sequential interactions of factors XI, IX,
VIII and finally factor X, along with calcium ions (factor IV)
and platelet factor 3.
14. ii) In the extrinsic pathway, tissue damage results in
release of tissue factor or thromboplastin. Tissue factor on
interaction with factor VII activates factor X.
iii) The common pathway begins where both intrinsic and
extrinsic pathways converge to activate factor X which forms
a complex with factor Va and platelet factor 3, in the
presence of calcium ions.
16. Regulation of coagulation system
• Normally, the blood is kept in fluid state and the coagulation system is
kept in check by controlling mechanisms.
• These are as under:
i) Protease inhibitors -to oppose the formation of thrombin e.g.
Antithrombin III, protein C, C1 inactivator, α1-antitrypsin, α2-
macroglobulin.
ii) Fibrinolytic system- Plasmin, a potent fibrinolytic enzyme, is formed by
the action of plasminogen activator on plasminogen present in the
normal plasma.
• Two types of plasminogen activators (PA) are identified:
a) Tissue-type PA derived from endothelial cells and leucocytes.
b) Urokinase-like PA present in the plasma.
18. 5. HYPERCOAGULABLE STATES
(THROMBOPHILIA)
• Thrombophilia or hypercoagulable states are a group of
conditions having increased risk or predisposition to develop
venous thrombosis.
• These conditions may be hereditary (or primary) or
acquired (or secondary) causes.
21. CAPILLARY THROMBI
• Minute thrombi composed mainly of packed
red cells are formed in the capillaries in acute
inflammatory lesions, vasculitis and in
disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
22. Morphologic Features
• Grossly,
• thrombi may be of various shapes, sizes and composition
depending upon the site of origin.
• Arterial thrombi tend to be white and mural while the
venous thrombi are red and occlusive. Mixed or
laminated
• Thrombi are also common and consist of alternate white
and red layers called lines of Zahn.
• Red thrombi are soft, red and gelatinous whereas white
thrombi are firm and pale.
23. Morphologic Features
• Microscopically,
• the composition of thrombus is determined by the rate of
flow of blood i.e. whether it is formed in the rapid arterial
and cardiac circulation, or in the slow moving flow in veins.
• Red (venous) thrombi have more abundant red cells,
leucocytes and platelets entrapped in fibrin meshwork.
Thus, red thrombi closely resemble blood clots in vitro.
24. Thrombus in an artery.
The thrombus is adherent to the arterial wall and is seen occluding most
of the lumen. It shows lines of Zahn composed of granular-looking
platelets and fibrin meshwork with entangled red cells and leucocytes
26. Fate of Thrombus
1. RESOLUTION
• Thrombus activates the fibrinolytic system with consequent release of
plasmin which may dissolve the thrombus completely resulting in
resolution.
2. ORGANISATION
• If the thrombus is not removed, it starts getting organised.
3. PROPAGATION
• The thrombus may enlarge in size due to more and more deposition from
the constituents of flowing blood.
• In this way, it may ultimately cause obstruction of some important vessel.
4. THROMBOEMBOLISM
• The thrombi in early stage and infected thrombi are quite friable and may
get detached from the vessel wall.
• These are released in part or completely in blood-stream as emboli which
produce ill-effects at the site of their lodgement.