Church isca2012
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This document summarizes work on representing genomes and identifying genetic variants. It discusses challenges in genome assembly due to structural variation between haplotypes and the need for new assembly models that represent multiple haplotypes. It also describes the Genome Reference Consortium's efforts to improve the human reference genome sequence through patching and releasing alternate loci and haplotypes. This includes releasing over 70 patches to fix errors and add novel sequences, with patches being released quarterly.
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2) The structure of DNA was determined in the 1950s, with Rosalind Franklin's X-ray crystallography work revealing the double helix structure of DNA, which Watson and Crick modeled based on her data.
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2) Further experiments in the 1940s-1950s by Chargaff, Hershey and Chase, and Watson and Crick revealed that DNA has a consistent base ratio, is the transforming principle, and forms a double helix structure.
3) The 1958 experiment by Meselson and Stahl, considered "the most beautiful experiment in biology," verified that DNA replication is semi-conservative through labeling DNA with different nitrogen isotopes.
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1) The objective of the laboratory was to transform E. coli bacteria with a gene from jellyfish that codes for Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP).
2) The transformation used a CaCI2 solution and the bacteria were incubated on agar plates containing the transformed samples.
3) Examination of the plates under UV light showed expression of GFP in some samples, and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis identified the GFP protein band at 27 kD in samples run on a polyacrylamide gel.
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1) A. chroococcum and A. vinelandii only contain iron-containing SOD and copper-zinc SOD, and do not contain manganese SOD.
2) Genomic DNA analysis using sodA- and sodB-specific primers only produced a product for sodB, and not sodA, disputing a previous report that A. chroococcum contains manganese SOD.
3) The results confirm previous findings of iron SOD and copper-z
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1. They performed DNA extraction from samples, PCR, and Western blot techniques. For DNA extraction, their sample did not produce the expected results.
2. They learned aseptic technique and used Gram staining to identify bacteria samples as gram positive or negative.
3. PCR was used to amplify genomic DNA between primers over multiple cycles. Controls were included.
4. Nested PCR with more specific primers was used to further amplify portions of DNA. Exonuclease treated samples before nested PCR.
5. Gel electrophoresis separated DNA fragments by size. PCR products from two plant samples were analyzed, with one showing bands.
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This document summarizes work done on the Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) from December 2009 to November 2014. Key findings include:
1) Expression and purification of the JEV envelope domain 3 (ED3) protein, which mediates viral attachment to host cells. Antibodies were generated against ED3.
2) Studies using cell surface biotinylation to identify potential ED3 receptor molecules on porcine kidney and neuroblastoma cells. Interactions were observed between ED3 and proteins from infected neuroblastoma cells.
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2. Hershey and Chase's 1952 experiment using bacteriophage which demonstrated that DNA rather than protein carries genetic information.
3. Chargaff's rule from 1952 regarding equivalence of percentages of nucleotide base pairs in DNA.
4. Structures of DNA including the double helix and different DNA forms like A, B, and Z-forms.
5. DNA replication, transcription, and translation processes.
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Exome sequencing has emerged as an economical way of focusing DNA sequencing efforts on the most functionally understood regions of the genome. Pre-capture pooling, where one bait library is used to pull down the exonic regions of several pooled samples simultaneously is a further financial improvement.
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This document provides an overview of shotgun DNA mapping using single molecule DNA analysis techniques. It discusses digesting genomic DNA into random fragments, constructing DNA tethers for optical tweezers unzipping, simulating unzipping profiles to create a library for comparison to experimental data, and potential applications for studying chromatin structure, transcription, and telomeres. The goal is to map DNA sequences to their genomic locations in order to better understand protein-DNA interactions and gene expression at the single molecule level.
Practice Candidacy Exam
This document provides an overview of shotgun DNA mapping using single molecule DNA analysis techniques. It discusses digesting genomic DNA into random fragments, constructing DNA tethers for optical tweezers unzipping, simulating unzipping profiles to create a library for comparison to experimental data, and potential applications for studying chromatin structure, transcription, and telomeres. The goal is to map DNA sequences to their genomic locations in order to better understand protein-DNA interactions and gene expression.
SNPs Presentation Cavalcanti Lab
This document summarizes genetic variation projects like HapMap and 1000 Genomes that aimed to catalog common human genetic variants. It describes types of variation like SNPs and how factors like selection and recombination influence their distribution. It provides overviews of the HapMap and 1000 Genomes projects, including their goals, populations studied, methods, and data formats. The information from these projects can be used to study traits, diseases, and human history.
How to fingerprint a bat
The bat genome data can be found at ENA under project ERP006654. Content based on original slides by Jamie Eadie, edited and expanded by David Martin. Photographs are (C) David Martin and may not be used without permission.
Fine structureof gene,allelic complementation,and split gene
Fine structureof gene,allelic complementation,and split gene Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Guj.), India
This document discusses several key concepts related to gene structure:
1. Genes in eukaryotes contain both coding (exon) and non-coding (intron) sequences. Introns are removed during RNA processing to form mRNA.
2. Benzer performed fine structure analysis of phage T4 genes which demonstrated that genes can undergo intragenic recombination, or crossing over within the gene. This established that genes have an internal structure smaller than previously believed.
3. Split genes were discovered, which have interrupted sequences (introns) between coding sequences (exons). RNA splicing removes introns to form mature mRNA from split genes.CDAC 2018 Boeva discovery
Presentation at the Workshop and School on Cancer Development and Complexity 2018
http://cdac2018.lakecomoschool.org
NCBO Webinar: Translating unstructured, crowdsourced content into structured ...
The use of crowdsourcing in biology is gaining popularity as a mechanism to tackle challenges of massive scale. However, to maximize participation and lower the barriers to entry, contributions to crowdsourcing efforts are typically not well-structured, which makes computing on these data challenging and difficult. The presentation will discuss strategies for translating this unstructured content into structured data. Three vignettes (in varying degrees of completion) will be described, one each from our Gene Wiki [1], BioGPS [2], and serious gaming [3] initiatives.
[1]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Gene_Wiki
[2]: http://biogps.org
[3]: http://genegames.org
Bliss
The document discusses whether bacteria engage in processes similar to sexual reproduction in eukaryotes by generating new combinations of chromosomal genes. It explores natural competence, a process by which some bacteria take up DNA from the environment. Evidence suggests natural competence in Haemophilus influenzae is regulated by nutritional signals and favors uptake of DNA with short uptake signal sequences present in its own genome.
Synthetic biology
Genome editing methods such as ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas9 use engineered nucleases to create targeted double-stranded breaks in DNA which are then repaired through endogenous cellular processes. These nucleases can be used to modify genomes through techniques like gene knockout, targeted mutation insertion/deletion/correction, and studying gene function. CRISPR/Cas9 uses a guide RNA and Cas9 nuclease to target specific DNA sequences for editing. The four main steps for CRISPR are: 1) selecting target sequences near a PAM site, 2) designing and cloning gRNA, 3) delivering Cas9 and gRNA into cells, and 4) DNA repair after cleavage results in gene modification
HHMI Research poster -6-9-2014 Bipolar
The document summarizes research characterizing newly isolated bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) that prey on Mycobacterium smegmatis bacteria. Twelve bacteriophages were found and nine were analyzed by electron microscopy, showing a tailed "siphoviridae" structure. The genome of one phage, Bipolar, was fully sequenced and found to be similar to the F1 subcluster. The document then analyzes whether two genes, Tape Measure Protein (TMP) and Lysin A, can accurately predict phage cluster relationships on their own. Results showed that TMP was highly accurate, while Lysin A was less so, supporting the hypothesis that Lysin A is more diverse
Not All Quiet On The Biology Front
This document discusses how intrinsic noise in biological systems can both help and hinder cellular processes. It summarizes that intrinsic noise arises from the small number of molecules involved in cellular reactions, causing stochasticity. While noise can cause unwanted variability, it can also be beneficial by creating phenotypic heterogeneity and allowing positive feedback mechanisms to diversify cellular responses. The document examines how cells regulate noise through feedback loops and synchronization, and how noise may drive oscillations in population-level models, suggesting it could operate cellular clocks.
Human encodeproject
A consortium of 440 scientists from 32 laboratories characterized functional elements in the human genome as part of the ENCyclopedia Of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project. They found that 80% of the genome is biochemically active, with millions of regulatory elements such as promoters, enhancers, and insulators. Many of these elements interact with genes over long distances to control gene expression. This study significantly changes understanding of how the genome works.
Similar to Church isca2012 (20)
Human genetic variation and its contribution to complex traits
Human genetic variation and its contribution to complex traits
How giab fits in the rest of the world human genome structural variation co...
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Fine structureof gene,allelic complementation,and split gene
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NCBO Webinar: Translating unstructured, crowdsourced content into structured ...
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More from Deanna Church
Church SFAF2014 keynote
The document discusses ways to improve the diagnostic yield of exome sequencing by addressing limitations in analytical and clinical validity. It notes that standard exomes do not fully cover the exome or reference genomes, and clinical interpretation is limited by incomplete knowledge in the literature and databases. Improving coverage, integrating more information sources, and enhancing data processing could help uncover more diagnostic variants.
Church_NCBIvariation2013
This document provides information about variation resources available from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). It lists the staff members who work on variation resources and key collaborators. It describes some of the major databases hosted by NCBI that contain genetic variation data, including dbSNP, dbVar, ClinVar and GTR. It also summarizes some of the tools and viewers available for exploring genetic variation data from NCBI.
Church_GenomeAccess_2013_genome2013
The document discusses the human reference genome assembly. It provides information on what a reference assembly is, how it is constructed, and how it has evolved over time. Key points include:
- The reference assembly is a model of the human genome built from many sequencing reads and is continually improved.
- Early assemblies had gaps and errors that have been improved on in newer releases. The current primary assembly is GRCh38.
- Alternate loci are now included to represent structural and haplotype variations not in the primary assembly.
- The reference assembly is important for mapping variants and interpreting genomic data.
Church emory2013
This document discusses the reference genome assembly and how it is changing. It provides an overview of why the reference assembly matters, how the assembly is constructed and updated, and tools for finding assembly and variation data. Key points include: the assembly is a model that may have gaps; the human reference assembly has been updated several times; alternate loci are used to represent structural variants and haplotypes; and ongoing work involves adding novel sequence and fixing rare incorrect bases or assembly problems.
Church GeT-RM
This document discusses the GeT-RM Project and Browser, which provides a resource for clinical testing laboratories to submit and analyze genomic variant call data. It lists the project team members and participating laboratories. The GeT-RM Browser allows laboratories to analyze variant call concordance and validation data across different sequencing platforms. Looking forward, the project aims to improve analysis tools and the browser interface with features like consensus genotype sets, investigation of discordant regions, and improved gene navigation.
Church ngs
The document discusses the human reference genome assembly, noting that it is a composite model that is not static, as new versions are periodically released with changes to sequence and coordinates. It emphasizes that accession versions are important for data management when the reference updates, and that tools are available to help with identifying changes between assemblies. The human reference assembly aims to represent the composite human genome but continues to be improved over time.
Church nhgri 2012
The document summarizes the evolution of genome data over time at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). It describes how the amount of genome data and number of users has grown exponentially since 1989. It also discusses advances in genome assembly, including representing structural variation and alternate loci. The development of the Genome Reference Consortium to maintain updated genome assemblies deposited in public archives is also covered.
Church gmod2012 pt1
The document discusses the evolution of genomic resources at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) over the past 22 years. It shows graphs of the growth in data volumes for resources like GenBank, users accessing services, and the number of human variations cataloged in dbSNP. Key resources highlighted include PubMed, BLAST, Entrez, GenBank, dbSNP, Reference Sequence (RefSeq), Genome Remapping Service, Sequence Read Archive, and more. The document outlines NCBI's role in organizing and providing access to genomic and biomedical literature data.
Church Fif2009
This is the talk I gave at the 4th annual Sequencing, Finishing, Analysis in the Future meeting. I tried to record my talk onto the slides based on the recording from the meeting, but it didn't work well. You can view the talk here: http://www.scivee.tv/node/11410 to hook the words up to the slides.
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Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
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• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
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DevOps and Testing slides at DASA Connect
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Microsoft - Power Platform_G.Aspiotis.pdf
Revolutionizing Application Development
with AI-powered low-code, presentation by George Aspiotis, Sr. Partner Development Manager, Microsoft
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
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A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
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Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to Production
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI support
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
zkStudyClub - Reef: Fast Succinct Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge Regex Proofs
This paper presents Reef, a system for generating publicly verifiable succinct non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs that a committed document matches or does not match a regular expression. We describe applications such as proving the strength of passwords, the provenance of email despite redactions, the validity of oblivious DNS queries, and the existence of mutations in DNA. Reef supports the Perl Compatible Regular Expression syntax, including wildcards, alternation, ranges, capture groups, Kleene star, negations, and lookarounds. Reef introduces a new type of automata, Skipping Alternating Finite Automata (SAFA), that skips irrelevant parts of a document when producing proofs without undermining soundness, and instantiates SAFA with a lookup argument. Our experimental evaluation confirms that Reef can generate proofs for documents with 32M characters; the proofs are small and cheap to verify (under a second).
Paper: https://eprint.iacr.org/2023/1886
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software Fuzzing
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
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Artificial Intelligence for XMLDevelopment
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We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FME
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalization
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
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Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 days
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
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GridMate - End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid...
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Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FME
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National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
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Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalization
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 days
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Church isca2012
- 1. Genome Representation and Variant Identification Deanna M. Church ISCA Consortium Conference
- 2. From Green ED et al. Nature 2011
- 4. Multiple Suspect submissions 1000G Frequency Data YRI: A=0.5852 G=0.4148 Sudmant et al., 2010
- 5. Kidd et al, 2007 APOBEC cluster BLACK: Deletion White: Insertion
- 7. Variant Call Ambiguity start stop Probes with decreased signal intensity Probes with expected signal intensity breakpoint breakpoint Inner start Inner stop Outer start Outer stop Inner start Inner stop
- 8. Fosmid clone (40 Kb +/- 1 Kb) Variant Call Ambiguity Outer start Outer stop 20Kb Clone has an insertion relative to the genome Clone has a deletion relative to the genome 60 Kb
- 10. Large-Scale Variation Complicates Genome Assembly Sequences from haplotype 1 Sequences from haplotype 2 Old Assembly model: compress into a consensus New Assembly model: represent both haplotypes
- 11. MHC (chr6) Chr 6 representation (PGF) Alt_Ref_Locus_2 (COX)
- 12. Church et al., 2011 PLoS Biology http://genomereference.org
- 13. UGT2B17 MHC MAPT GRCh37 (hg19) 7 alternate haplotypes at the MHC Alternate loci released as: FASTA AGP Alignment to chromosome http://genomereference.org
- 15. 71 Novel PATCHES: Additional sequence added 70 Fix PATCHES: Chromosome will update in GRCh38 Summer of 2013 Releasing patches quarterly
- 17. GRCh37 chr17 GRCh37 Myo19 Fix Patch
- 18. Dennis et al., 2012 1q32 1q21 1p21 1p21 patch alignment to chromosome 1
- 19. Thanks! The Genome Reference Consortium The Genome Center at Washington University The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute The European Bioinformatics Institute The National Center for Biotechnology Information Church group at NCBI For Slides: 1000 Genome browser: Valerie Schneider Evan Eichler Doug Slotta Nathan Bouk Eugene Yaschenko Hsiu-Chuan Chen Victor Ananiev Peter Meric Lon Phan Victor Ananiev Steve Sherry Chao Chen Alt-Aware Alignments: Rob Cohen John Lopez Richa Agarwala Deanna Church John Garner Eugene Yaschenko Tim Hefferon Cliff Clausen Chunlin Xiao Steve Sherry NCBI
Editor's Notes
- Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 4
- Put plug for Tim here…