The document provides an overview of Chinese history from the emergence of civilization around 4000 BCE to the unification of China under the Qin Dynasty in 221 BCE. It describes the major dynasties including the Shang Dynasty which ruled from around 1500 BCE and was characterized by a rigid class structure with the king holding total power. The Zhou Dynasty then overthrew the Shang in 1050 BCE and instituted a feudal system which eventually broke down and led to the Warring States period where seven states fought for dominance until the Qin unified China in 221 BCE.
Objectives:
1. Identify significant world events from ancient China and India.
2. Identify example of the humanities in ancient civilizations, such as art, architecture, and philosophy.
3. Identify major key examples from the humanities that reflect developments in world events and cultural patterns in ancient China and India.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
2. Study Questions:
1. In what ways did Shang rulers maintain control over
their society?
2. What were the unique features of Chinese society
under the Zhou Dynasty?
3. What was significant about the Warring States Period?
4. Compare and Contrast Confucianism, Daoism,
Legalism
3. Emergence of Civilization in
China
Agricultural villages appeared along the Yellow River
around 4000 BCE
Urban settlements appeared around 2000 BCE
4.
5. Two Dynasties (ruling families) of
Early Chinese History
Early Chinese History is usually divided into two
dynasties:
1. Shang Dynasty (ca. 1500-1050 BCE)
2. Zhou Dynasty (ca. 1050-400 BCE)
Zhou is pronounced as chow or joe
6.
7. Shang Civilization
Anyang (AHN-YAHNG) = central city of Shang Dynasty
Shang Kings = military chiefs who ruled over armies of
3,000-5,000 noblemen/warriors who fought using horse-drawn
chariots
Items taken in wars provided slaves and wealth for Shang,
as well as human sacrifices to ancestors
King Held all political, religious, social, & economic power
8. Shang Religion
Combination of Animism & Ancestor worship
King = high priest
Di = High or supreme god
Ancestors intervened between people and gods
9. Royal Tombs of Anyang
Most of what we know about the Shang comes from
archaeology of the Royal Tombs of Anyang
11 large tombs + a thousand small graves filled with
bronze, stone, pottery, textiles, and jade
Most famous is tomb of Lady Hao—included 500 bronze
vessels & weapons, over 700 pieces of jade and ivory, and
16 people sacrificed to be her servants in the afterlife
11. Shang Society
Rigid Class distinctions:
King
Court officials
Warriors
Artisans
Agricultural laborers
Slaves—did most of building projects
12. Chinese Writing
Developed during the Shang Dynasty for religious
purposes
Also used for government record keeping and
correspondence
Royalty were the most literate in the society and
education was a sign of prestige
Helped rulers to maintain control of lower classes
Logographic = style of writing when each word is
represented by a single symbol
13.
14. Zhou Dynasty, ca. 1050-400 BCE
1050 BCE Zhou (joe) rose up against the Shang and
defeated them in battle
Zhou maintained Shang’s cultural and political systems
including writing, ancestor worship
15. The Book of Documents
Ca. 900 BCE, Zhou Dynasty
Describes Zhou conquest of Shang and establishes Zhou
rulers at the center of the universe
Describes relationship between the King and Heaven
Mandate of Heaven
The approval of the gods to govern—gave Zhou Kings political
legitimacy & justified overthrow of the Shang— this idea survived
into the 20th century CE!
16. Zhou Politics
Feudal System: Royal family members were granted
lands in exchange for loyal military service to the king
Some feudal lords gained a lot of power over time and
built city-states to fight with each other over land and
power—this weakened the power of the king
Led to Warring States Period, 403-221 BCE
17. Warring States Period, 403-221
BCE
Following end of Zhou Dynasty
Characterized by different Chinese states warring with
each other
Fueled by new military technology & tactics
Crossbow, invented ca. 650 BCE—allowed a foot soldier to
shoot farther than with a bow and arrow
Led to wearing armor and helmets
Calvary = soldiers on horseback, introduced and became a
key element of Chinese militaries
Also the Golden age of Chinese Philosophy
19. Golden Age of Chinese Philosophy
Confucianism
Daoism
Legalism
20. Confucius, 551-479 BCE
Chinese philosopher,
Warring States period
Taught ethical ideas about
civic morality—how people
should live in their daily
relationships with others—
and good government
His followers became
important government
advisors
His teachings provide
the moral basis for
modern Chinese
families
21. Confucius’ teachings:
Five Fundamental Relationships:
Ruler and subjects
Father and son
Husband and wife
Older and younger brothers
Members of a community
Family is of fundamental importance
Respect elders and ancestors
People in superior positions responsible for setting a
good example of moral behavior (example: father
responsible for son’s behavior)
If a ruler did not act morally, then he lost the Mandate of
Heaven and the people had the right to overthrow him
22. Daoism (or Taoism)
a response to Confucianism
Tao/Dao means the “Way” or the “Way of Nature,” an
indescribable force that governs the universe and
nature, it can only be sensed or felt
People should withdraw from acting in the world and
contemplate nature to live in harmony with the Tao
People should abandon the pursuit for wealth. Political
power and learning should be quiet, thoughtful, humble
Daoism appealed to peasant classes because of
emphasis on nature and the arts
23. Legalism
Taught that people are by nature evil, selfish, and
untrustworthy
People are motivated by fear and greed
A wealthy and powerful state with an absolute ruler is
needed to control unruly people through harsh laws and
punishments
Appealed mostly to rulers and public officials
Disfavored education in history or classics—these could
teach people to be rebellious
