China vocabulary
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This document provides definitions and brief descriptions of important terms related to Chinese history and culture. It outlines several major dynasties that ruled China including the Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, and Ming Dynasties. Key figures that united and led China are mentioned like Empress Wu, Yang Jian, Taizong, and Xuanzong. Cultural developments in China are highlighted such as Buddhism, porcelain, woodblock printing, gunpowder, and the compass. Powerful leaders that conquered parts of China include Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan who established the Yuan Dynasty. The document also defines terms like bureaucracy, civil service, and isolationism.
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Ch 12 Slides
The document provides an overview of the Tang and Song dynasties in China as well as the Mongol conquests across Asia under Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan. It summarizes the main rulers of the Tang dynasty and China's extent of rule at that time. It also describes the Song family's flight south which established the Song dynasty and capital in Hangzhou. The document outlines the divisions and extent of the Mongol empire across Eurasia during the 13th-14th centuries under Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan.
12.1 tang and song china
During the Tang and Song dynasties, China experienced a golden age of prosperity, population growth, and technological innovation. The Tang Dynasty expanded the empire and established a civil service system, while the Song Dynasty restored order and saw advances in agriculture, trade, science, and the arts. This period marked China's peak as the most advanced and populated country in the world.
The Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty marked the rule of China by the Mongol Empire beginning in 1279, after the Song Dynasty was conquered. The Mongols were originally nomadic tribes from northern China led by the powerful khan Genghis Khan in the early 13th century. Genghis Khan and his armies went on to create the largest contiguous empire in world history through their highly disciplined forces and conquests across Asia and Eastern Europe. Following Genghis Khan's death, his sons and grandsons continued expanding the Mongol Empire, with his grandson Kublai Khan eventually proclaiming the Yuan Dynasty in China in 1279, establishing Mongol control over much of China.
Yuan dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty was established in 1279 by Kublai Khan after the Mongol invasion of China. Kublai Khan ruled as Emperor until his death in 1294. He established the capital at Dadu, the modern city of Beijing. The Yuan Dynasty ruled over China until 1368, implementing Mongolian and Chinese political and cultural traditions until internal conflicts and natural disasters weakened the empire. Zhu Yuanzhang then led a rebellion that overthrew the Yuan Dynasty and established the Ming Dynasty.
China’s dynasties
The document summarizes several important dynasties in ancient Chinese history. The Shang Dynasty (1700 BC) was the first known civilization and built China's first cities, making accomplishments in bronze work and early writing. The Qin Dynasty (221 BC) first unified China's warring kingdoms under Emperor Qin Shi Huang, connecting the Great Wall and creating a large workforce. The Han Dynasty (202 BC) brought 400 years of stable rule with a civil service system and expansion of the Silk Road for trade.
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The document discusses several Chinese dynasties throughout history including the Qin, Han, Tang, and Song dynasties. It notes that each dynasty contributed to China's development through their rule and governance, though their methods differed. The Qin established the first empire in China through legalism and construction projects. The longer-lasting Han dynasty implemented Confucianism and made technological advances. The Tang and Song eras saw further progress through innovations, economic growth, and effective leadership, establishing a golden age. However, internal issues and external threats also challenged rule during these periods. Overall, the document asserts that China's emperors worked to unite and strengthen the nation, shaping it into a large and influential power.
12.2 the mongol conquests
The Mongols, a nomadic people from the Asian steppe, conquered vast territories across Asia under the leadership of Genghis Khan in the early 1200s. By 1225, Genghis Khan had united the Mongols and controlled Central Asia, using brutality to subdue his enemies. After his death in 1227, his successors expanded the Mongol Empire to include northern China, Korea, Russia, and territories reaching into Eastern Europe and the Middle East over the next 50 years. The Mongol Empire was eventually divided into four khanates that ruled different regions.
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Ch 12 Slides
The document provides an overview of the Tang and Song dynasties in China as well as the Mongol conquests across Asia under Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan. It summarizes the main rulers of the Tang dynasty and China's extent of rule at that time. It also describes the Song family's flight south which established the Song dynasty and capital in Hangzhou. The document outlines the divisions and extent of the Mongol empire across Eurasia during the 13th-14th centuries under Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan.
12.1 tang and song china
During the Tang and Song dynasties, China experienced a golden age of prosperity, population growth, and technological innovation. The Tang Dynasty expanded the empire and established a civil service system, while the Song Dynasty restored order and saw advances in agriculture, trade, science, and the arts. This period marked China's peak as the most advanced and populated country in the world.
The Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty marked the rule of China by the Mongol Empire beginning in 1279, after the Song Dynasty was conquered. The Mongols were originally nomadic tribes from northern China led by the powerful khan Genghis Khan in the early 13th century. Genghis Khan and his armies went on to create the largest contiguous empire in world history through their highly disciplined forces and conquests across Asia and Eastern Europe. Following Genghis Khan's death, his sons and grandsons continued expanding the Mongol Empire, with his grandson Kublai Khan eventually proclaiming the Yuan Dynasty in China in 1279, establishing Mongol control over much of China.
Yuan dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty was established in 1279 by Kublai Khan after the Mongol invasion of China. Kublai Khan ruled as Emperor until his death in 1294. He established the capital at Dadu, the modern city of Beijing. The Yuan Dynasty ruled over China until 1368, implementing Mongolian and Chinese political and cultural traditions until internal conflicts and natural disasters weakened the empire. Zhu Yuanzhang then led a rebellion that overthrew the Yuan Dynasty and established the Ming Dynasty.
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The document summarizes several important dynasties in ancient Chinese history. The Shang Dynasty (1700 BC) was the first known civilization and built China's first cities, making accomplishments in bronze work and early writing. The Qin Dynasty (221 BC) first unified China's warring kingdoms under Emperor Qin Shi Huang, connecting the Great Wall and creating a large workforce. The Han Dynasty (202 BC) brought 400 years of stable rule with a civil service system and expansion of the Silk Road for trade.
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Here is a list of dynasties ruling in China with a very simple information and map based on the achievement.
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The document discusses several Chinese dynasties throughout history including the Qin, Han, Tang, and Song dynasties. It notes that each dynasty contributed to China's development through their rule and governance, though their methods differed. The Qin established the first empire in China through legalism and construction projects. The longer-lasting Han dynasty implemented Confucianism and made technological advances. The Tang and Song eras saw further progress through innovations, economic growth, and effective leadership, establishing a golden age. However, internal issues and external threats also challenged rule during these periods. Overall, the document asserts that China's emperors worked to unite and strengthen the nation, shaping it into a large and influential power.
12.2 the mongol conquests
The Mongols, a nomadic people from the Asian steppe, conquered vast territories across Asia under the leadership of Genghis Khan in the early 1200s. By 1225, Genghis Khan had united the Mongols and controlled Central Asia, using brutality to subdue his enemies. After his death in 1227, his successors expanded the Mongol Empire to include northern China, Korea, Russia, and territories reaching into Eastern Europe and the Middle East over the next 50 years. The Mongol Empire was eventually divided into four khanates that ruled different regions.
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The document outlines several important dynasties in Chinese history. It begins with the Xia Dynasty around 2000 BC, considered the first Chinese dynasty, followed by the Shang Dynasty from 1532-1027 BC which left behind early written records. The Zhou Dynasty then overthrew the Shang in 1027 BC and expanded Chinese civilization. Subsequent dynasties included the Sui from 589-618 AD which connected major rivers, the Tang from 618-907 AD which saw imperial expansion, and the Song from 960-1279 AD which was eventually pushed south by northern invaders.
Qin dynasty
The Qin Dynasty was founded by Qin Shi Huang, who unified China for the first time in 221 BCE and became its first emperor. He instituted harsh authoritarian rule and major reforms, standardizing laws, currency, weights and measures. Qin Shi Huang oversaw vast construction projects including the Great Wall and connected China with a network of roads and canals. However, his oppressive rule led to widespread rebellion after his death in 210 BCE, causing the short-lived Qin Dynasty to fall in 206 BCE.
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The document discusses the major Chinese dynasties from earliest to most recent. It begins with the Hsia Dynasty established around 2205 BCE by Emperor Yu, followed by the Shang Dynasty noted for its development of a lunar calendar and silk production. The longest ruling Chou or Zhou Dynasty is mentioned for establishing the civil service examination and feudal system. Later dynasties discussed include the Qin which first unified China under Shih Huang Ti, the Han known for establishing Confucianism, the Sui believed to have laid the foundations for China's golden age, and the Tang characterized as China's most powerful period. Later dynasties such as the Song, Yuan, and Ming are also summarized.
7.3 han emperors in china
The Han Dynasty restored unity in China after the fall of the Qin Dynasty. Liu Bang defeated his rival Xiang Yu to found the Han Dynasty in 202 BC. He established a centralized government with lower taxes that gained popular support. The Han Dynasty saw economic growth through advances in agriculture and commerce. Confucianism became the dominant ideology and civil service exams tested applicants on Confucian classics. However, inequality grew and rebellions eventually caused the Han Dynasty to fall in AD 220.
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The Sui Dynasty reunified Northern and Southern China and was known for constructing the Grand Canal, the longest canal in the world. The Grand Canal linked the Yellow River and Yangtze River, connecting Beijing and Hangzhou. Other achievements included advances in porcelain, block printing, coinage standardization. The Sui Dynasty was founded by Yang Jian, who became Sui Wendi, and helped reunite China after 300 years of division. However, the Sui Dynasty was relatively short-lived.
Sui Dynasty
The Sui Dynasty was established in 581 CE after Yang Jian seized the throne from the Northern Zhou dynasty and unified China under his rule. During its peak, the Sui Dynasty achieved many accomplishments like constructing the Grand Canal and standardizing coinage and measurements. However, Emperor Yang Guang led a lavish lifestyle and launched costly wars that overtaxed peasants, causing famine and rebellion. By 618 CE, discontent was widespread and Li Yuan seized control, establishing the Tang Dynasty and ending the Sui Dynasty.
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This document summarizes several important Chinese dynasties throughout history including the Han, Qin, Ming, Song, Tang, Shang, and Sui dynasties. It provides brief details on the founding and locations of each dynasty, as well as establishing Confucianism under the Han dynasty and China's unification under the Qin and Sui dynasties. Symbols representing each dynasty are also shown.
Medieval Asia
The Tang Dynasty expanded China's borders and promoted foreign trade along the Silk Road. The Grand Canal, originally begun in the 6th century AD, remains one of the world's longest artificial waterways. The Song Dynasty that followed emphasized education, the arts, and industry over the military. Medieval China saw many important innovations including paper, printing, gunpowder, the compass, and steel production. Foot binding became popular among women of the upper classes. The Mongols eventually conquered China in 1279, bringing the Song Dynasty to an end. In Japan, emperors held the highest rank but had no power, while shoguns ruled as military dictators from influential families. Society was strictly stratified with samurai,
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Classical China developed largely in isolation from other civilizations due to its geographical location. The creation of the Silk Road led to increased trade and cultural exchange between China and regions in the Middle East and Mediterranean. Along the Silk Road, Buddhism and later Islam spread into China. Politically, China was ruled by three major dynasties - the Zhou Dynasty which declined over time, the short-lived but transformative Qin Dynasty, and the long-lasting Han Dynasty which eventually collapsed due to internal issues and foreign invasions. Confucianism and Daoism were the dominant philosophies in classical Chinese society.
The song dynasty
The Song Dynasty ruled China from 960 to 1279 CE and was divided into two periods - the Northern Song and Southern Song. The Northern Song ruled most of northern China from 960-1127 CE with its capital in Kaifeng. It collapsed after losing control of northern China to the Jin Dynasty in 1127 CE. The Southern Song ruled southern China from 1127-1279 CE with its capital in Hangzhou. Despite losing territory, the Southern Song was a period of cultural and economic prosperity, with advances in art, literature, technology, and a commercialized economy.
The yuan and ming dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty ruled China from 1279 to 1368 under the leadership of Kublai Khan. Kublai Khan conquered the rest of China and declared himself emperor, making the Yuan Dynasty the first time China was ruled by foreign Mongols. The capital was set at Khanbalik, the modern-day Beijing. The Yuan Dynasty established several important innovations including the first use of paper currency and a postal system. However, natural disasters, corruption, and failed invasions of Japan weakened the dynasty. Peasant rebellions eventually overthrew the Mongol Yuan rule in 1368, restoring the Han Chinese Ming Dynasty to power in China.
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Qing dynasty
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Qin dynasty
The Qin Dynasty was founded by Qin Shi Huang, who unified China for the first time in 221 BCE and became its first emperor. He instituted harsh authoritarian rule and major reforms, standardizing laws, currency, weights and measures. Qin Shi Huang oversaw vast construction projects including the Great Wall and connected China with a network of roads and canals. However, his oppressive rule led to widespread rebellion after his death in 210 BCE, causing the short-lived Qin Dynasty to fall in 206 BCE.
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The Sui Dynasty reunified Northern and Southern China and was known for constructing the Grand Canal, the longest canal in the world. The Grand Canal linked the Yellow River and Yangtze River, connecting Beijing and Hangzhou. Other achievements included advances in porcelain, block printing, coinage standardization. The Sui Dynasty was founded by Yang Jian, who became Sui Wendi, and helped reunite China after 300 years of division. However, the Sui Dynasty was relatively short-lived.
Sui Dynasty
The Sui Dynasty was established in 581 CE after Yang Jian seized the throne from the Northern Zhou dynasty and unified China under his rule. During its peak, the Sui Dynasty achieved many accomplishments like constructing the Grand Canal and standardizing coinage and measurements. However, Emperor Yang Guang led a lavish lifestyle and launched costly wars that overtaxed peasants, causing famine and rebellion. By 618 CE, discontent was widespread and Li Yuan seized control, establishing the Tang Dynasty and ending the Sui Dynasty.
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This document summarizes several important Chinese dynasties throughout history including the Han, Qin, Ming, Song, Tang, Shang, and Sui dynasties. It provides brief details on the founding and locations of each dynasty, as well as establishing Confucianism under the Han dynasty and China's unification under the Qin and Sui dynasties. Symbols representing each dynasty are also shown.
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Classical China developed largely in isolation from other civilizations due to its geographical location. The creation of the Silk Road led to increased trade and cultural exchange between China and regions in the Middle East and Mediterranean. Along the Silk Road, Buddhism and later Islam spread into China. Politically, China was ruled by three major dynasties - the Zhou Dynasty which declined over time, the short-lived but transformative Qin Dynasty, and the long-lasting Han Dynasty which eventually collapsed due to internal issues and foreign invasions. Confucianism and Daoism were the dominant philosophies in classical Chinese society.
The song dynasty
The Song Dynasty ruled China from 960 to 1279 CE and was divided into two periods - the Northern Song and Southern Song. The Northern Song ruled most of northern China from 960-1127 CE with its capital in Kaifeng. It collapsed after losing control of northern China to the Jin Dynasty in 1127 CE. The Southern Song ruled southern China from 1127-1279 CE with its capital in Hangzhou. Despite losing territory, the Southern Song was a period of cultural and economic prosperity, with advances in art, literature, technology, and a commercialized economy.
The yuan and ming dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty ruled China from 1279 to 1368 under the leadership of Kublai Khan. Kublai Khan conquered the rest of China and declared himself emperor, making the Yuan Dynasty the first time China was ruled by foreign Mongols. The capital was set at Khanbalik, the modern-day Beijing. The Yuan Dynasty established several important innovations including the first use of paper currency and a postal system. However, natural disasters, corruption, and failed invasions of Japan weakened the dynasty. Peasant rebellions eventually overthrew the Mongol Yuan rule in 1368, restoring the Han Chinese Ming Dynasty to power in China.
Chinese Dynasties Overview
The document provides an overview of major Chinese dynasties from Shang to Qing. It discusses the origins and developments of each dynasty, including the Shang establishing cities and writing, the Zhou establishing a feudal system, the Qin developing a centralized government, the Han introducing Confucianism and expanding trade through the Silk Road, the Tang reaching a cultural high point and inventing gunpowder, the Song establishing a large bureaucracy, the Yuan conquering China under Kublai Khan, the Ming trying to erase Mongol influence, and the Qing taking power from the Manchus but eventually being weakened by foreign intervention.
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Japanese civilization was shaped by cultural influences from China and the rise of feudalism under military rulers. The Yamato clan took control in the 400s and named emperors to rule, though sometimes in name only. Buddhism spread from China and mixed with existing Shinto practices. In the late 700s, the capital moved to Heian where an refined aristocratic culture developed, illustrated by The Tale of Genji. However, as central power declined in the 1000s, large landowners built private armies and established feudal rule over smaller landowners seeking protection. The Minamoto family established the Kamakura shogunate in 1192, placing a military dictator or shogun in power supported by samur
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1) The Tang Dynasty lasted about 300 years from the 7th to 10th centuries in China.
2) Periyapuranam is a 12th century Tamil work describing the lives of ordinary men and women.
3) Powerful regional landlords called Samantas were expected to provide gifts, attendance, and military support to their overlord kings.
Qing dynasty
The Qing Dynasty was the last imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1911. It was established by the Manchu people after conquering the Ming Dynasty. Culturally, the Manchus adopted many aspects of traditional Chinese culture, especially Confucianism, though they maintained control politically as a foreign ethnic group. The dynasty experienced a period of stability and expansion under powerful emperors like Kangxi and Qianlong before encountering internal rebellions and challenges from Western imperialism in the 19th century, leading to its eventual overthrow during the Xinhai Revolution.
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The Crusades were a series of wars between 1095-1272 CE where European Christians sought to retake control of Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslim rule. Jerusalem was significant to Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. The First Crusade was launched after the Seljuk Turks took Jerusalem in 1070 and barred Christian pilgrimage. It resulted in Crusader victory and control of Jerusalem. Subsequent Crusades had varying success, with the Third Crusade led by Richard the Lionheart regaining pilgrimage rights to Jerusalem but not the city.
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The Renaissance reading
The Renaissance began in Florence, Italy between 1350-1400 CE, marking the transition between the Middle Ages and the new Renaissance era. People began embracing humanism, influenced by ancient Greek and Roman texts, believing life should include education, art, music and enjoyment rather than just hardship. This new way of thinking spread from Florence to other Italian city-states in the 1400s, helped by wealthy patrons like the Medici family, marking the beginning of the Italian Renaissance and eventually influencing all of Europe.
The Medieval Catholic Church
Here are the answers to your questions:
1. Catholic Mass is the weekly ritual service in the Catholic Church where Communion is taken. It commemorates Jesus's death and sacrifice on the cross.
2. The building monks live in is called a monastery.
3. One example of power the Catholic Church had was that it could excommunicate people, essentially kicking them out of the Church and preventing them from receiving sacraments and going to heaven.
4. One of the Catholic reform movements was the Friars in the 1200s. Friars were wandering preachers that lived among common people to encourage reform and preach the gospel.
Renaissance advances
You are a law student from Holland studying in Bologna, Italy during the Renaissance period. You have greatly enjoyed learning about the advances in art, literature, and science happening in Italy and meeting influential Renaissance figures. Now a lawyer has offered you a job in Bologna, providing an opportunity to stay in Italy and continue benefiting from the vibrant culture, though it means postponing your return home to Holland.
Islam & Africa stations
Islam unified the tribes of Northern Africa and led to civilizations, society, power, science, and technology. For centuries, there were many schools and libraries across North Africa where advances in learning occurred. Islam then slowly began to spread to Central and Southern Africa. Today, religion in Africa has been a major influence, with most followers being Christian, Muslim, or practitioners of tribal religions and animism, though religious beliefs are sometimes blended with traditional practices.
Reconquista & Spanish Inquisition questions
The Reconquista was a series of wars between 718 and 1492 where Christian kingdoms fought to regain control of the Iberian Peninsula from the Muslim Moors. The Moors had invaded Iberia from North Africa in 711 and controlled most of the region. The Reconquista began in 718 with a Christian victory at the Battle of Covadonga. It took over 700 years of fighting before the Christians defeated the last Muslim stronghold of Granada in 1492, completing the Reconquista.
Scientists ducksters
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Middle ages unit test study guide with answers
This document is a study guide for a middle ages unit test. It provides directions to label a map of Europe and fill in blanks with dates of historical events from the middle ages. It also includes a vocabulary section to complete with terms related to the middle ages such as monasteries, monks, crusades, feudalism, and serfs. Finally, it poses multiple choice and true/false questions to test understanding of people, events, and social structures during the middle ages such as the goals of the crusades, participants in the battle of Hastings, and effects of the black death.
Four Square Sheet
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Four Square Review Title Page
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How did approaches to cultural interaction shape empires in Eurasia?
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In 1279, under the leadership of Kublai Khan, the Mongols ousted the Song dynasty
and completed their conquest of China. As they
took control, they established the Yuan dynasty,
with Kublai Khan serving as emperor. However,
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powers were united in their campaign to get rid of Mongol rule.
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Expansion and Isolationism in Eurasia
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China vocabulary
- 1. ChinaVocabulary 1. PeriodofDisunion-thetime of disorder that followedthe collapse of the Han Dynasty 2. GrandCanal-a canal linking northern and southern China 3. EmpressWu- The only woman to rule China. She was in the Tang Dynasty.She ruled withan iron fist and brought stability to China 4. Buddhism-the religion that followsthe teachings of Buddha. They believe in reincarnation and follow the 8 Noble truths 5. Porcelain-thin,beautiful type of pottery 6. WoodblockPrinting-formof printing in whichan entire page is carved into a blockof wood 7. Gunpowder-amixture of powder used in guns and explosives 8. Compass-an instrument whichuses the earth’s magnetic field to show direction 9. Confucius-ateacher who focusedon ethics, proper behavior, for individuals and government. 10. Bureaucracy-abody of elected government officials 11. Civil Service-means service as a government official 12. Scholar-official-aneducated member of the government 13. GenghisKhan-‘Universal Ruler’- organized the Mongols into a powerfularmy and led them on bloody conquest. He was a very brutal leader. 14. Kublai Khan-Genghis Khan’s grandson who also ruled the Mongol Empire. He defeated China and declared himself emperor. This began the Yuan dynasty. 15. Zheng He-the greatest Chinese sailor- he led 7 great voyages around Asia 16. Isolationism-apolicy of avoiding contactwith other countries 17. Yang Jian-ended the Periodof Disunion of China. He created the Sui Dynasty 18. Taizong-oneof the greatest rulers of China- conquered many lands, reformed the military, and created law codes. 19. Xuanzong-a great ruler of the Tang Dynasty.Culture flourished under his rule 20. ForbiddenCity-the imperial palace for the Ming Dynasty-common people were not allowed to enter 21. Han Dynasty-220- 589- the second imperial dynasty/one of the longest ruling dynasties/ considered a Golden Age in history 22. Sui Dynasty-589-618- during this dynasty, the leaders restored China 23. TangDynasty-618 - 907 Many achievements such as: porcelain, trade, woodblock printing, gunpowder, and the compass 24. SongDynasty-960-1279- China was again unified and was a time period of great accomplishments 25. Mongol Empire-1200’s.Led by Genghis Khan 26. Yuan Dynasty-1279-1368- Empire began by Kublai khan 27. MingDynasty-1368-1644- Chinese improved their ships and their sailing skills during this dynasty. This dynasty also created the Forbidden City and restored the Great Wallof China