This document discusses child labour and child abuse in India. It notes that child labour is common in India in industries like small manufacturing, services, and agriculture. Causes include poverty, lack of education, and family debts. Effects on children include exploitation, illness, and hazardous work conditions. The document also examines child abuse in India, noting high rates of sexual abuse. Forms of abuse discussed are physical, emotional, sexual, and neglect. Laws aimed at protecting children from labour and abuse are also mentioned.

1. Social Pathology
Child Labour and Child Abuse

2. Child Labour

3. Child Labour across the Globe

4. Child Labour
 Child labour is the practice of having children engages in
economic activity, on a part- or full-time basis.
 Child Labour isn’t only confined to India, it happens to be a
global phenomenon.

6. Child Labour in India
 Child labor is frequently utilized in India in various places of
production and service.
 E.g., small-scale industry, restaurant service, domestic aid,
shopkeeper’s assistant, stone breaking, book binding, and in
many other house-hold industry.

7. Child Labour in India
 Some child rights activists argue that child labour must
include every child who is not in school because he or she is
a hidden child worker.
 About 1 in 5 primary schools have just one teacher to teach
students across all grades.

8. Causes of Child Labour
 Earn and support their family
 Illiteracy
 Unawareness
 Low cost Labour
 Heredity based occupation
 Ancestral debts
 Over population

9. Effects of Child Labour
 Exploitation
 Illiterates
 Diseases
 Hazardous industrial situations

10. Child Labour in Industries
 Child labour in India are employed with the majority (70%) in agriculture
some in low-skilled labour-intensive sectors such as sari weaving or as
domestic helpers and some in heavy industry such as coal mining and
diamond making.
 These occupations neither formal education nor training.

11. Types of child labour: A recent
change
 The types of child labour have changed in recent years due to enforcement
of legislation, awareness amongst buyers about child exploitation, and
international pressure.
 Work is often gender-specific. In general, the workload and duration of the
working hours increases as children grow older.

12. Child Rights in India
 The Factories Act of 1948
 The Mines Act of 1952
 The Child and Adolescent Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act of 1986
 The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection) of Children Act of 2015
 The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act of 2009
 National Policy on Child Labour in 1987
 Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles of State Policy

13. Child Abuse

14. Child Abuse
 According to UNICEF violence against children can be "physical
and mental abuse and injury, neglect or negligent treatment,
exploitation and sexual abuse.”

15. Child Abuse in India
 India has the world’s largest number of child sexual abuse
(CSA) cases.
 According to a 2007 study conducted by India's ministry of
women and child development, 53% of children surveyed said
they had been subjected to some form of sexual abuse.

17. Child Abuse in India: UNICEF
facts
 Major abuse reported between the age group of 5
to 11 years
 Boys, as compared to girls are equally at risk of
abuse
 Persons in trust and authority are major abusers,
mostly parents
 48.4% girls wished they were boys
 Most children reported the issue to no one

18. Child Abuse in India
 On November 3, 2017, a 1-year-old girl was raped by her 33-
year-old neighbor in outer Delhi.
 On May 13, 2017, a 10-year-old girl was found pregnant after
being repeatedly raped by her stepfather in Haryana.
 On May 10, 2017, a 21-month-old baby girl was raped by a 40-
year-old man from her neighborhood in Delhi’s Gandhi Nagar
area. He was a friend of her father.
 On the same day, another case came to light. A 5-year-old girl,
who was deaf and dumb, was raped by a 24-year-old man in
Varanasi.

19. Forms of Child Abuse
 Physical Abuse
 Psychological/Emotional Abuse
 Sexual Abuse
 Neglect
 Exploitation

20. Causes for Child Abuse
 Age
 Developmental status
 The relationship between the child and the
perpetrator/parent

21. Effects of Child Abuse
 Develop Trust Issues
 Unable to Express Emotions
 Feelings of Being Worthless
 Fear
 Low Self-esteem

22. How to stop Child Abuse?
 Children tend to suffer in silence hence it is necessary to ask
them to open up and share.
 Educate children about ‘the good touch and the bad touch’.
 Spread knowledge about child abuse.
 Most important is to report about this case in the nearest police
station.

23. Laws
 The protection of children from sexual offenses
(POCSO) Act.
 IPC 375 – Rape
 Juvenile Justice Act 2012.