This document summarizes morphological characteristics, breeding methods, production techniques, and pests/diseases of chrysanthemum. It describes chrysanthemum's scientific name and family, its native range, and importance as a commercial flower crop. It then discusses the plant's morphological features and classification into standard and spray types used for exhibitions and gardens. The document outlines chrysanthemum's chromosome number and evolution from interspecific crosses. It also summarizes common breeding methods, climate needs, propagation, planting practices, and management of pests and diseases for chrysanthemum production.

1. TOPIC: Morphological Characters, Breeding
Method and Production Technological of
Chrysanthemum
Presented by:
Tara Bhuyan
2014- AMJ-91
M.Sc. (Agri.)
1st year 2nd sem
Faculty of Agriculture
Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-13

2.  Scientific name: Dendranthema grandiflorum
 Family : Asteraceae
Chrysanthemum is a popular flower crop of
commercial importance.
 It is native to northern hemisphere, mainly Europe
and Asia.
 It ranks 2nd to the international cut flower trade.
 It is used both as commercial flower crop and for
the exhibition purpose.
 Standard chrysanthemum is used for exhibition
purpose.

3.  Type : It is a woody perennial herbaceous plant .
 Stem : It is erect and green in colour.
 Leaves : Oblong leaves with pinnate venation. Leaves
are about 4-6 cm long and 3-5cm width.
 Inflorescence : Typical compositae inflorescence.
 Flower : They have 2 types of florets namely-
 Ray floret( outer floret)-having only the female parts.
 Disc floret ( inner floret)- Present in the central disc,
having both male and female parts.
 Corolla – It is tubular in shape,form by the fusion of
five petals.

4.  They are classified into two groups: Standard and
Spray.
 Standard type- they are used for exhibition
purpose.
 Size is big.
 Varieties – Snowball, Temptation, Sonar Bangla,
Super Giant.
 Spray type- They are used for garden decoration
 Size is smaller.
 Varieties- Red Gold, Proff. Harish , Rajkumari,
Carnival Pride, Yellow Gold, Bonnie Jean,

5. SNOWBALL SONAR BANGLA
CARNIVAL PRIDEBONNIE JEAN

6.  Basic chromosome number is 9.
 Wide range of ploidy level is found in differenr
cultivars of the species, 2n = 36, 45, 47, 51-75.
 C. morifolium ( Dendranthema morifolium) has
evolved out of complex interspecific crosses
involving C.boreale , C.indicum, C.
japonicum,C .orantum and C. sinensis.

7. Present day colourful chrysanthmum cultivars are developed as a result of
different breeding method. They are –
1. Introduction : large number of varities are introduced in India from
different countries .
Example :Australia- William Turner, J.S. Lloyd.
Japan – Tokyo.
2.Selection/ Hybridization / Bud Sports and Mutants: Example : IIHR ,
Bangalore- Indira, Yellow Gold and Red Gold.
NBRI,Lucknow:
Selection and bud sports- Apsara(pompom type), Suhag Singar (No pinch no
stake type) , Usha ( off- season blooming ) , Sonar Bangla ( Bud Sports)
Mutants – Asha , Aruna, Sonali, Tulika

8. CLIMATE:
 Chrysanthemum is a short day plant.
 Temperature requiremant for –
 For its vegetative growth it requires high
temperature ranging from 20 to 27 °C.
 For bud formation and flowering it requires short
day and low temperature ranging from 10 to 27 °C.
 Relative humidity – 70 to 90 %.
SOIL:
 Well drained sandy loam soil with good texture
and aeration .
 pH of 5.5 to 6.5

9. PROPAGATION:
Chrysanthemum is propagated by two methods:
i) Root suckers – root suckers are separated from the plant in
february – march and planted in pots.
ii) Terminal stem cutting- 5 to 7 cm long cuttings are taken
from healthy plant from middle to end of

10. PLANTING:
 It is done in the month of august.
SPACING:
Cuttings or root suckers are planted in ridges or furrows at a
spacing of 30cm x 30cm and 30cm x 45cm.
MANURES and FERTILIZERS:
FYM- 10-15 tonnes
N:P:K @ 100: 200: 200kg / ha.
Fertilizer is applied at 2 spilt doses.
 Half dose of N and full dose of P and K is applied at the of
planting.
 Other half dose of N is applied 1 month after planting.

11. IRRIGATION:
 It requires adequate watering during vegetative stages.
 Water stress condition at bud formation to flowering may
detoriate the flower quality.
 Irrigation should be done at 4-5 days interval.
WEEDING:
 1 st weeding is done after 25- 30 days after planting.
 Subsequent weeding is done at 15days interval.

12. SPECIAL PRACTICES:
 Pinching:
1st pinching - 3 weeks after planting;
2nd pinching - 5 weeks after planting
 Disbudding:
It is special practices carried out in standard varieties. In
this lateral buds are removed and apical buds are kept. It
helps in producing flowers of larger size.
 Staking:
Staking is necessary to keep plants erect and maintain
proper shape of plants and bloom.

13. DISEASE CAUSED BY SYMPTOMS CONTROL
Wilt Fusarium oxysporum Leaf chlorosis and necrosis
starting from lower leaves and
curving of apical leaves.
Soil treatment with
thiophanate methyl
is effective
Root rot Phythophthora spp Wilting of affected plants take
place
Spraying
mancozeb or captaf
Stem rot Fusarium solani Leaf chlorosis and necrosis,
decay of the pith and other
vascular region. Small dark
streaks are seen at the base of
the stem when flower bud
opens
Soil treatment with
thiophanate methyl
is effective.
Bacterial blight Erwinia chrysanthemi Stems become hollow Growing disease
free cultivars.
Powdery mildew Oidium Chrysanthemi Appearance of powdery
coating on the leaf surface.
Spray carbendazin
@ 0.1 ppm

14. Pest Symptoms Control
Aphid Sucks the sap from growing stem
tips and leaves, causing loss of
vigour.
Spraying of dimethoate @0.05%
or neem oil 2%
Thrips Sucks the sap from leaves and
flowers leading to distortation of
leaves and flowers.
Soil drenching with
chloropyriphos @ 0.1% to kill
the pupae.
Spraying of dimethoate @0.05%
at 15 days interval.
Hairy caterpillar Eat up the leaves, papery skeleton
is left.
Collection and destruction of egg
masses.
Spraying of carbaryl @0.1% or
chloropyriphos @ 0.05%.
Spider mite Sucks the sap from leaves and
yellow streaks appear on the
leaves , which spread until it
become yellow and distorted.
2-3 spray of dimethoate @
0.05% at 15 days interval.

15.  Stage of harvesting depends upon cultivar, marketing.
 Standard chrysanthemums are harvested when only a
few outer ray florets unfurl .
 Spary types are harvested when maximum number of
flowers are open before shedding of pollens from
outer row of the disc floret.
HARVESTING :