This document provides information on chrysanthemum production technology. It discusses the classification of chrysanthemums as either annual or perennial plants. It also describes common varieties and cultivation methods like propagation, planting distance, fertilizer use, training, harvesting, and post-harvest handling. The document highlights optimum growing conditions like temperature, humidity, and soil properties. It also discusses pests, diseases and disorders that affect chrysanthemum production.

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Presenter:
Minraj Ghimire
BSc. Horticulture 3rd
semester
Exam Roll No.: 03
A presentation on:
Chrysanthemum Production Technology
Assigned by :
Asst. Prof. Mr. Bikash Khanal
Department of Horticulture
TU, IAAS
MRMC, ILAM

2. Chrysanthemum indicum (Asteraceae)
.
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3. Both annual & perennial;
 Herbaceous and sometimes partly woody
Classification
Standard type: Used as cut flower
Only one apical flower is kept
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4. Spray type: Used as loose flower
peripheral flowers are retained and the
apical flower is removed.
Pot flower: Pots are used to embellish home, garden,
offices, and park.
Both spray and standard type can be cultured in pot.
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5.  Achievement
 Copper Bowl
 Escapade
 Helen Castel
 Mandalay
 Matador
 Miss Atlanta
 Orange Bowl
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6.  Good textured well drained sandy loam
 The optimal pH range is 6.5 – 7.5.
Climate
 Day temperature of 22℃ and night temperature of 16℃ is suitable for quality
flower production.
 Higher temperature causes delay flowering and the flower color fade away
 Use of CO2 (600-900 ppm) improves the color, size and yield of flower.
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7. i. By suckers: Old method of
multiplication.
1,10,000 suckers/ha
ii. By terminal cutting: Length of cuttings
should be about 5-7cm.
iii. By seed: The blooms are collected when
they are completely dry.
Fine compost is used to cover the seeds
after sowing and watering is done.
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8.  The plants need adequate water during vegetative growth when new leaves are being formed.
 After formation of flower bud less water needed as no further leaves are formed.
 However, water stagnation causes root rot, so drainage should be maintained.
 chrysanthemum requires humidity between 70-90%.
Planting distance
 Maintained according to varieties.
 Usually, 15×15 or 10×15cm₂
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9.  FYM requires about 18-20 MT/ha
 Usually 20:20:10 gm per m² N:P:K is applied for better yield.
 Micro nutrients like foliar spray of ZnSO4 at 0.25% and MgSO4 at 0.5% can be applied.
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10. i. Pinching: 2&3 pinching are done in spray and standard type of flowering respectively and
only 3 primary branches should be maintained in pot flower.
ii. Disbudding: Generally, done in sept.
iii. Staking: For standard, number of stakes depends on number of main branches. In spray type,
3-4 stakes are inserted
iv. Mulching
v. weeding
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11.  GA3 application in spray types at 30, 45 & 60 days of planting at 50 ppm increases the stalk
length.
 NAA 100 ppm delays flowering and GA3 100 ppm causes earliness in flowering.
 Application of 500 ppm florel improves the growth of lateral branches, prevents the growth of
apical branch and enhance the vegetative growth
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12.  Depends on cultivar, marketing and other facilities available to grower.
 Standard type chrysanthemums are harvested when the outer ray florets cease to elongate.
 Spray type are harvested when the petals in the centre of the topmost flower are almost fully
developed
 Ready to be harvested in 6-7 weeks of planting
 Harvested in day
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13. According to society of American flourish standard flower are grading as:
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Quality
Parameters
Grade
Blue Red Green Yellow
Length of stalk (cm) 75 75 60 60
Diameter of flower
(cm)
15 12.5 10 -
Strength of stalk Strong Strong Strong -

14.  Chrysanthemum cut flowers can be wrapped in plastics and stored dry for 6-8 weeks at a
temperature of -0.5℃.
 Temperature of truck shipment should be 2-4℃.
Packaging
 Most of the standard chrysanthemum are placed in sleeves and packed in display boxes.
 For bulk packing of sprays, 10, 15 or 20 stems are placed in sleeves according to the grades
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15.  Dipping of stem for a very short period (5 sec.) in 1200-4800 ppm AgNO3 or soaking the
stems in 1000 ppm for 10 min.
 Addition of 2% sucrose to silver nitrate was found beneficial, which increase vase life for 12-
20 days.
Disorders
Blindness: Low night temperature and short day induces blindness.
Petals do not develop properly due to this.
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16.  Powdery mildew
 Leaf spot
 Gray mold
 Rust
Pests
 Aphids
 Hairy caterpillar
 Termites
 Thrips 16