The document discusses the production technology of chrysanthemums, including their significance as a popular flower crop, cultivation practices, and environmental requirements. It outlines propagation methods, nutrient and irrigation management, and pest and disease control specific to chrysanthemum cultivation. The key varieties and expected yields are also provided, highlighting their relevance in ornamental horticulture.

1. Topic :- production technology of chrysanthemum
2nd year 2nd sem
Subject:- Production Technology for Ornamental Crops, MAP and
Landscaping (HRT-222)
Submitted to :- Dr. Smita Agrawal
Dept. of Horticulture
Submitted by :- Tushar Dahare
Aman patel

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4. CHRYSANTHEMUM
1. Golden flower - National Flower Of japan
2. Scientific Name: Chrysanthemum indicum, (Dendranthema grandiflora)
3. Local Name: Chrysanthemum
4. Family: Asteraceae
5. Origin: Northern Hemisphere of Europe and Asia (CHINA)
6. Pollination type Cross Pollinated
7. Chromosome ratio: 2n=36,45, 47,51.

5. Introduction:
• One of the most important traditional flower Also Known as QUEEN OF
EAST or Glory of East or Winter Queen/Autumn Queen
• Chrysanthemums generally symbolize longevity, fidelity, joy and optimism.
Chrysanthemum = "Chrysos" means "Golden" and "anthos" means "Flower“
• C. sinense, C. inicum, C. japonicum, C. ornatum, C. maxima are some
species involved in theRanks 2nd after Rose

6. Importance:
• It is used as potted plant (pot mums), as well as, cut flower, and in
Asia, even as loose flower.
• Tall grown plants are used for background planting in borders.
• Dwarf growing are used for flower beds and pot culture.
• Loose type flowers are useful for garland, veni, worship, etc.
• Long stem flowers - cut flowers for Bouquet, vase, etc.
• Extra large - Bloomed cultivars for exhibition.

7. Area and production:
• The chrysanthemum is one of the most important flower crops
commercially grown in different parts of the world.
• In India, it is commercially grown in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and
Maharashtra.
• It is grown in on area of about 4,000 ha.
• In India, Area under cultivation - 17.89 ha, production

8. Soil:
• A well drained, sandy loam of good texture and good aerated.
• Good amount of organic matter should be contained.
• pH required is 6.5 to 7.5.
• Being a shallow fibrous rooted plant, it is very sensible to water logged conditions.
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9. Climate:
• A qualitative short day plant.
• The most important environmental factors influencing the
growth and flowering of these plants are light and temperature.
• Temperature affect the rate of vegetative growth and
flowering.Relative humidity suitable is 70 to 75%.Optimum
temperature: 16 to 250C.

10. Varieties:
• Varieties for garland purpose: Eaggi, Basanti, Shanty, Indira,
Rakhi, Red Gold, Birbal, Sahani, Vasantika, Sharad Mala,
Meera and Jaya.
• Varieties for cut spray: Apsara, Birbal Sahani, Jayanti, Jubilee,
Kundan, Purnima, Nanako, Riot, Arctic and Charlia.

11. Propagation:
• Propagated by vegetative means by suckers and terminal cuttings or micro-
propagation.
• By suckers:
• The stem is cut just above the ground After completion of flowering which
induces the formation of side shoots or suckers.
• These side suckers are separated from mother plant and planted in sand.
• The well rooted suckers can be directly planted to field.
• Terminal cuttings:
• The cuttings are taken from a healthy stock plant, 5-7cm long cutting are made
removing lower leaves and half of the open leaves. The cuttings are dipped in the
IBA (2S00ppm) or in Seradexl Keradex (rooting hormone) then planted in sand
bed. Spacing: 30 X 30 cm or 30 X 45 cm.

12. Spacing:
Usual spacing being kept in India is
20 x 30 cm 30 x 30 cm, or 40 x 40
cm/m2, however, the spacing of 20 x
30 cm gives best economic yield.
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Rate of Planting:
1 to 1.25 lac cuttings / ha is ideal
for obtaining proper plant
population.
Planting:
• Ideal planting time is April - June
• Plant first in the nursery beds, and
then finally transplanting in the
permanent beds after one month,
followed by immediate irrigation.
• From the view of plant density of 32
cuttings per sq. m is reported ideal.

13. Nutrient Management:
• Heavy feeder for nitrogen and potassium Responds well to
manuring, add 8-10 tones of well rotten FYM per acre.
• Apply 50 kg of nitrogen, 160 kg p205 and80 kg k20 as a
basal dose. (50:160:80) Spray GA3 at 50 ppm at 30, 45 and
60 days after planting to increase the flower yield.

14. Irrigation Management:
• Watering depends on the stage of plant growth, thesoil
type, soil moisture level, prevailing weather condition,
and relative atmospheric humidity.
• Thereafter, these are watered at an interval of every 4-5
days in the summer season, however in winterthese
maybe watered at an interval of 7-10 days.
• If rains delayed irrigation is given twice a week in the first
month and subsequently at weekly interval. About 8-9 lit
of water/sq.mt is required/day.

15. Intercultural operations:
• De-suckering For proper growth of plants, suckers are removed time to time.
• Weed control
• Done manually, normally 8-10 yearly. Control of soil is made loose porous to
provide aeration.
• Pinching:
• Removal growing tips of the growing tips of the plant to induce the growth of
vegetative laterals. Soft and Hard are the two types of pinching
• .Budding:Helps to increase number of plants.
• Dis-budding:Perform for large and decorative flower.

16. Harvesting:
• Depending upon the varieties, plant start yielding flower after 3-
4 months of transplanting.
• Standard type chrysanthemum is harvested when fully open,
but before central disc starts elongating.
• Spray cultivars are harvested when fully open but before the
shedding of pollen, and pompons are harvested when the
center of oldest flower is fully open.

17. Yield:
• One can harvest the flowers around 15 times.
• The yield ranges from 10 to 15 tones of loose flowers per acre.
• Yield of good quality sprays range from 1,00,001,20,000 from one ha area land.
• Raton crop: 4-5 tones per ha.Sprays- 1,00,000 stems can be obtained from one ha.

18. Pests:
1. Aphids (Macrosiphoniella
sanborni)
2. Thrips (Frankliniella sp.)
3. Leaf Folder (Hedyleta indicate)
4. Bud Borer (Helicoverpa armigera)
5. Hairy Caterpillar (Spilosoma
oblique
6. Termites (Microtermes obsel)
7. Lesion Nematode (Oratylenchus
coffeae)
8. Bud and Leaf Nematode
(Aphelenchoides
ritzemabosi)
Disease:
1. Root rot: (Pythium spp or
Phytophthora spp
2. Leaf spot: (Septoria chrysanthemella)
3. Fusarium Wilt: (Verticillium dahlia)
4. Rust: (Puccinia spp)
5. .Powdery mildew:(Oidium
chrysanthemi)Viral
6. disease:Chrysanthemum stunt
Chrysanthemum mosaic disease