Tinospora cordifolia is a shrub used in Ayurvedic medicine. It contains various chemical constituents including alkaloids, diterpenoid lactones, glycosides, steroids, sesquiterpenoids, phenolics, aliphatic compounds, and polysaccharides. The review summarizes reported medicinal properties of T. cordifolia such as anti-diabetic, anti-periodic, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, antioxidant, anti-allergic, anti-stress, anti-leprotic, anti-malarial, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory and anti-neoplastic activities. The stem is commonly used to relieve general weakness, fever
This document provides an overview of Phyllanthus emblica (Amala), including its introduction, nomenclature, habitat, cultivation, chemical constituents, traditional uses, pharmacological actions, and commercial value. Key points include that it is a small to medium tree found in tropical regions of Asia, used in Ayurveda to treat diarrhea, dysentery, and eye ailments. Its fruits contain antioxidants like emblicanin A and B and it has been shown to have hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects.
GUDUCHI Tinospora Cordifolia The Amrita for Lifeijtsrd
Tinospora Cordifolia is a climbing shrub belongs to family Menispermaceae. It is commonly known as Guduchi, Amrita, Gurach, Tinospora. Known by many names in Sanskrit such as gaduchi and Kundalini and scientifically called Tinospora cordifolia, it is a large, glabrous deciduous climbing shrub. Guluchi is considered as a most divine herb because of its various Ayurvedic uses. It is called as nectar Amruta for its divine healing nature. Guluchi increases the immunity of the body. It fights against infecting organisms. It is reported to possess anti inflammatory, anti oxidant, anti spasmodic, anti allergic, anti HIV and anticancer properties. Harshada Shivarkar | Vishal Galave | Kishor Otari "GUDUCHI (Tinospora Cordifolia): The Amrita for Life" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38432.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/38432/guduchi-tinospora-cordifolia-the-amrita-for-life/harshada-shivarkar
A review article: antimicrobial and antidiarrheal activity of tinospora cordi...SriramNagarajan16
This review article summarizes the antimicrobial and antidiarrheal properties of Tinospora cordifolia as described in previous studies. T. cordifolia contains various phytochemicals and has been shown to have antimicrobial effects against both sensitive and resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with T. cordifolia extracts provided significant protection against castor oil and magnesium sulfate-induced diarrhea in animal studies, suggesting antisecretory and CCK release-preventing mechanisms of action. Previous research also found T. cordifolia to have anti-inflammatory properties comparable to non-steroidal medications.
1) The document describes a study evaluating a novel polyherbal antidiabetic tablet formulation developed from several plant extracts with traditional use in diabetes.
2) It outlines the experimental design which includes procurement and evaluation of raw materials, optimization of extract combinations, development and evaluation of a tablet dosage form, and assessment of anti-diabetic activity.
3) Key plants evaluated include Gymnema sylvestre, Momordica charantia, Pterocarpus marsupium, Syzygium cumini, and Zingiber officinale, and the study aims to develop an optimized polyherbal tablet and confirm its anti-diabetic effects in a rat model of diabetes.
Tinospora cordifolia, commonly known as giloy or guduchi, is a climbing shrub used in Ayurvedic medicine. It contains various alkaloids, diterpenoid lactones, glycosides, sesquiterpenoids, and other compounds that give it anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, anti-cancer, anti-toxic, anti-microbial, and anti-oxidant properties. It grows in tropical and subtropical regions, prefers black or red soil, and can be propagated through seeds or vegetatively. Overexploitation by pharmaceutical companies threatens wild populations, so tissue culture is being used to meet demand. Future prospects include its continued use in drugs and
Medicinal value of Urtica dioica
Contents
Nomenclature
Biological source
Habbitat
cultivation and collection
chemical constituent
Pharmacological action including antioxidant, Anti-helmintic, Anti-diabetic, antiviral, hepatoprotective, anti-bacterial.
Swertia Chiretta, an important medicinal plant from Nepal, is being offered at 100 tons for $550/kg in Kathmandu. It contains phytochemicals like amarogentin, mangiferin, and swertiamarin that have anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and other therapeutic effects. It grows between 1200-3000m in the Himalayas and is used extensively in traditional South Asian and Chinese medicine to treat conditions like diabetes, fever, and liver problems. The whole plant is used and available cut into pieces weighing 60-80kg packed in jute sacks.
This document provides an overview of Phyllanthus emblica (Amala), including its introduction, nomenclature, habitat, cultivation, chemical constituents, traditional uses, pharmacological actions, and commercial value. Key points include that it is a small to medium tree found in tropical regions of Asia, used in Ayurveda to treat diarrhea, dysentery, and eye ailments. Its fruits contain antioxidants like emblicanin A and B and it has been shown to have hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects.
GUDUCHI Tinospora Cordifolia The Amrita for Lifeijtsrd
Tinospora Cordifolia is a climbing shrub belongs to family Menispermaceae. It is commonly known as Guduchi, Amrita, Gurach, Tinospora. Known by many names in Sanskrit such as gaduchi and Kundalini and scientifically called Tinospora cordifolia, it is a large, glabrous deciduous climbing shrub. Guluchi is considered as a most divine herb because of its various Ayurvedic uses. It is called as nectar Amruta for its divine healing nature. Guluchi increases the immunity of the body. It fights against infecting organisms. It is reported to possess anti inflammatory, anti oxidant, anti spasmodic, anti allergic, anti HIV and anticancer properties. Harshada Shivarkar | Vishal Galave | Kishor Otari "GUDUCHI (Tinospora Cordifolia): The Amrita for Life" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38432.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/38432/guduchi-tinospora-cordifolia-the-amrita-for-life/harshada-shivarkar
A review article: antimicrobial and antidiarrheal activity of tinospora cordi...SriramNagarajan16
This review article summarizes the antimicrobial and antidiarrheal properties of Tinospora cordifolia as described in previous studies. T. cordifolia contains various phytochemicals and has been shown to have antimicrobial effects against both sensitive and resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with T. cordifolia extracts provided significant protection against castor oil and magnesium sulfate-induced diarrhea in animal studies, suggesting antisecretory and CCK release-preventing mechanisms of action. Previous research also found T. cordifolia to have anti-inflammatory properties comparable to non-steroidal medications.
1) The document describes a study evaluating a novel polyherbal antidiabetic tablet formulation developed from several plant extracts with traditional use in diabetes.
2) It outlines the experimental design which includes procurement and evaluation of raw materials, optimization of extract combinations, development and evaluation of a tablet dosage form, and assessment of anti-diabetic activity.
3) Key plants evaluated include Gymnema sylvestre, Momordica charantia, Pterocarpus marsupium, Syzygium cumini, and Zingiber officinale, and the study aims to develop an optimized polyherbal tablet and confirm its anti-diabetic effects in a rat model of diabetes.
Tinospora cordifolia, commonly known as giloy or guduchi, is a climbing shrub used in Ayurvedic medicine. It contains various alkaloids, diterpenoid lactones, glycosides, sesquiterpenoids, and other compounds that give it anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, anti-cancer, anti-toxic, anti-microbial, and anti-oxidant properties. It grows in tropical and subtropical regions, prefers black or red soil, and can be propagated through seeds or vegetatively. Overexploitation by pharmaceutical companies threatens wild populations, so tissue culture is being used to meet demand. Future prospects include its continued use in drugs and
Medicinal value of Urtica dioica
Contents
Nomenclature
Biological source
Habbitat
cultivation and collection
chemical constituent
Pharmacological action including antioxidant, Anti-helmintic, Anti-diabetic, antiviral, hepatoprotective, anti-bacterial.
Swertia Chiretta, an important medicinal plant from Nepal, is being offered at 100 tons for $550/kg in Kathmandu. It contains phytochemicals like amarogentin, mangiferin, and swertiamarin that have anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and other therapeutic effects. It grows between 1200-3000m in the Himalayas and is used extensively in traditional South Asian and Chinese medicine to treat conditions like diabetes, fever, and liver problems. The whole plant is used and available cut into pieces weighing 60-80kg packed in jute sacks.
This document discusses drug adulteration in herbal medicines. It defines adulteration as substituting the original medicinal plant partially or wholly with other similar-looking substances that are inferior in quality. Adulteration can occur intentionally for commercial gain or unintentionally due to misidentification, lack of knowledge about the authentic plant, morphological similarities between plants, lack of the authentic plant, or careless collection practices. The document outlines various types of intentional and unintentional adulteration and provides examples.
This document discusses different types of herbal materials, preparations, products, and their definitions. It defines herbal materials as herbs, juices, gums, oils, essential oils, resins, and dried powders. Herbal preparations are made from extracted, fractionated, purified or concentrated herbal materials and can include decoctions or tinctures. Finished herbal products contain one or more herbal preparations from single or multiple plants, and may include excipients. Herbal medicine is defined as using plants to prevent or treat illness or for health, such as using ginger tincture for an upset stomach. Herbal medicinal products contain herbal substances or preparations as the only active ingredient.
Medicinal value of plant Juglans regia including its nomenclature, habit and habitat, cultivation and collection, Macro and Microscopic characteristics, phytochemical constituents and its pharmacological action.
This document discusses controversy, adulteration, and substitution as burning problems in Ayurvedic practice. It begins by introducing that medicinal plants constitute an important source for Ayurveda and other traditional medicines. However, a large percentage of plants used in Ayurveda are subject to controversy regarding their authentic botanical sources. Adulteration intentionally or unintentionally substitutes inferior substitutes, while substitution aims to replace equivalent drugs. The purpose is to define and determine the causes and effects of these issues. Several causes of controversy, types of adulteration and substitution, and their impacts on standardization and effects are discussed. It concludes that resolving issues regarding authentic sources and substitution/adulteration is needed
This document provides a review of the plant Tinospora cordifolia, commonly known as Guduchi or Amrita. It is an important medicinal plant in Ayurveda used to treat diseases like jaundice, fever, diabetes, and skin diseases. The review summarizes the plant's botanical description and pharmacognostical characteristics. It also discusses its traditional uses in Ayurveda and other Indian systems of medicine to treat various conditions. Further, it outlines some of the active chemical constituents that have been identified in the plant and its pharmacological activities that have been investigated.
Antihaemolytic, anti-lipid peroxidative potential by purified protease inhibi...Uploadworld
Protease inhibitor was isolated and purified from the fruits of Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq. (SAPI) via four sequential step procedures i.e., salt precipitation to sepharose affinity chromatography.
Medicinal plants importance,scope and uses.ShekhAlisha
A considerable number of definitions have been proposed for the term 'medicinal plant'. According
to the World Health Organization, "a medicinal plant is any plant which, in one or more of its
organs/parts, contains substances that can be used for therapeutic purposes, or which are precursors for
chemo-pharmaceutical semi synthesis"
Medicinal plants are important and basic drugs sources from ancient times. In this presentation we discussed some of the phytoconstituents of plants which are useful in daily life.
Ganoderma lucidum, commonly known as lingzhi or reishi, is a polypore mushroom with a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine. It contains many active compounds including polysaccharides, triterpenoids, and sterols. These compounds have various pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral, and immunomodulatory activities. G. lucidum is cultivated and harvested for use in supplements, teas, and other formulations to promote health and longevity. Potential side effects from prolonged use include dryness and sensitivity. It may interact with medications like anticoagulants, antiplatelets, amphetamines, and hypoglycemic agents.
Proposal Cultivation, Value Addition, Warehousing & Marketing of Medicinal Pl...Sanjay Talukdar
This document provides details on a proposal submitted to the National Medicinal Plant Board in India for assistance to Joint Forest Management Committees (JFMCs) and Village Forest Management Committees (VFMCs) for the cultivation, processing, storage, and marketing of medicinal plants. The proposal's objectives are to conserve and sustainably manage 17 medicinal and aromatic plant species in Nagaland, India through the involvement of local communities. It provides background on the medicinal plants resources in Nagaland and lists over 100 plant species and their traditional medicinal uses by local tribes.
This document is a literature survey report on the extraction of guava leaves submitted by Debashish Bala for their B-Pharm degree. It introduces guava leaves and their various medicinal properties. It then describes different extraction techniques used to separate active compounds from plant materials like maceration, infusion, percolation, and Soxhlet extraction. The literature review section summarizes several research papers on guava leaf extraction published between 2008-2019. The report concludes that guava leaves are a very useful natural medicine with many pharmacological actions and researchers continue to study guava leaf extracts.
Herbs as Plant Materials : In this video the viewers will come to know about herbs as plant materials. Herbs are flowering plants whose stems grow above ground and are not woody. They have weak and soft stems. They are plants which are known for medicinal value, flower scent, etc. Any plant with leaves, seeds, or flowers used for flavouring, food, medicine, or perfume. Any seed-bearing plant that does not have a woody stem and dies down to the ground after flowering.
•
Portion explained:
1. Herbs as Plant Materials
2. Definition of herbs
3. What is herbal medicine?
4. Herbal Medicine
5. History of Herbal Medicine
6. Modern herbal medicine
7. Herbal preparations
This document discusses herbs and herbal medicines. It defines herbs as leafy or flowering parts of plants used for culinary, medicinal, or spiritual purposes. Herbal medicines can be raw plant materials, processed plant materials, or herbal medicinal products. The document emphasizes the importance of properly identifying, authenticating, and processing herbal raw materials to ensure safety and efficacy of the final herbal product.
Therapeutic Properties and Nutritive Values of Some Fruit Bearing Medicinal P...Ram Sahu
The medicinal plants imparts chief role in protecting our health from various disease. It is nature’s gift to human being to live healthy life. Medicinal plants are believed to be much safer and proved as elixir in the treatment of various ailments. Medicinal plants used in Indian system of medicine from Rajasthan state have been surveyed and categorized systematically. The manuscript incorporated the therapeutic properties and nutritive values of medicinal plants of Rajasthan. The paper deals with 11 medicinal plants, thoroughly indexed along with their important traditional application for the cure of various ailments. This study also incorporates the ethno-botany and biological activities of these important plants
Medicinal properties of plant terminalia bellerica(barro) which have
contain different chemical constituent and having differnt biological activity like Analgesic activity,Anti diarrhoeal activity, Antioxidant activity, Antihypertensive effect, Anti salmonella activity, Anti- Spasmodic and, Bronchodilatory properties, Anti-micobial activity, Antimicrobial and Toxicity studies, Wound healing activity
Active constituent of Sweta chirata as AntidibeticASHOK GAUTAM
Swertia chirata is a plant native to India that grows in mountainous regions. It contains several bitter chemical constituents such as swerchirin, chiratin, and opelic acid. Extracts of the leaves and stems using methanol were found to contain xanthone derivatives that have hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Specifically, compounds like swerchirin, methylswertianin, and bellidifolin were shown to stimulate insulin release from pancreatic cells and increase glucokinase activity to lower blood glucose levels. Structure-activity relationship studies found that substitution of a methoxy group was more active than a hydroxyl group in reducing blood sugar.
Value Addition of Nine Medicinal Plants in Arunachal PradeshSanjay Talukdar
Understood requirements from forest departments and other stakeholders, gathered information, researched, planned & designed the JFMC Proposal for Value Addition of Nine Medicinal Plants for Forest Department of Arunachal Pradesh.
Secondary research, planning & designing the project which included the implementation plan, budgeting, feasibility study analysis.
This document discusses herbal formulations, including types such as herbal syrups, herbal mixtures, and tablets. It provides details on preparing herbal syrups, including using equal proportions of herbal infusions/decoctions and honey or sugar. Advantages of herbal syrups include masking bad tastes and soothing irritated tissues. The document also discusses novel herbal dosage forms like phytosomes, which are complexes of herbal extracts and phospholipids that can enhance absorption and bioavailability. Methods of preparing phytosomes and evaluating their properties and advantages are provided.
1. Tinospora cordifolia is a climbing shrub used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat various diseases. It contains many bioactive compounds like alkaloids, diterpenoids, glycosides, etc.
2. The objectives of the study are to collect and standardize T. cordifolia plants from South India, analyze secondary metabolite content through HPLC, and evaluate hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities.
3. Micropropagation of T. cordifolia involves selection of healthy explants, surface sterilization, culture in MS medium with growth hormones, shoot proliferation, and rooting of microshoots.
This document discusses drug adulteration in herbal medicines. It defines adulteration as substituting the original medicinal plant partially or wholly with other similar-looking substances that are inferior in quality. Adulteration can occur intentionally for commercial gain or unintentionally due to misidentification, lack of knowledge about the authentic plant, morphological similarities between plants, lack of the authentic plant, or careless collection practices. The document outlines various types of intentional and unintentional adulteration and provides examples.
This document discusses different types of herbal materials, preparations, products, and their definitions. It defines herbal materials as herbs, juices, gums, oils, essential oils, resins, and dried powders. Herbal preparations are made from extracted, fractionated, purified or concentrated herbal materials and can include decoctions or tinctures. Finished herbal products contain one or more herbal preparations from single or multiple plants, and may include excipients. Herbal medicine is defined as using plants to prevent or treat illness or for health, such as using ginger tincture for an upset stomach. Herbal medicinal products contain herbal substances or preparations as the only active ingredient.
Medicinal value of plant Juglans regia including its nomenclature, habit and habitat, cultivation and collection, Macro and Microscopic characteristics, phytochemical constituents and its pharmacological action.
This document discusses controversy, adulteration, and substitution as burning problems in Ayurvedic practice. It begins by introducing that medicinal plants constitute an important source for Ayurveda and other traditional medicines. However, a large percentage of plants used in Ayurveda are subject to controversy regarding their authentic botanical sources. Adulteration intentionally or unintentionally substitutes inferior substitutes, while substitution aims to replace equivalent drugs. The purpose is to define and determine the causes and effects of these issues. Several causes of controversy, types of adulteration and substitution, and their impacts on standardization and effects are discussed. It concludes that resolving issues regarding authentic sources and substitution/adulteration is needed
This document provides a review of the plant Tinospora cordifolia, commonly known as Guduchi or Amrita. It is an important medicinal plant in Ayurveda used to treat diseases like jaundice, fever, diabetes, and skin diseases. The review summarizes the plant's botanical description and pharmacognostical characteristics. It also discusses its traditional uses in Ayurveda and other Indian systems of medicine to treat various conditions. Further, it outlines some of the active chemical constituents that have been identified in the plant and its pharmacological activities that have been investigated.
Antihaemolytic, anti-lipid peroxidative potential by purified protease inhibi...Uploadworld
Protease inhibitor was isolated and purified from the fruits of Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq. (SAPI) via four sequential step procedures i.e., salt precipitation to sepharose affinity chromatography.
Medicinal plants importance,scope and uses.ShekhAlisha
A considerable number of definitions have been proposed for the term 'medicinal plant'. According
to the World Health Organization, "a medicinal plant is any plant which, in one or more of its
organs/parts, contains substances that can be used for therapeutic purposes, or which are precursors for
chemo-pharmaceutical semi synthesis"
Medicinal plants are important and basic drugs sources from ancient times. In this presentation we discussed some of the phytoconstituents of plants which are useful in daily life.
Ganoderma lucidum, commonly known as lingzhi or reishi, is a polypore mushroom with a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine. It contains many active compounds including polysaccharides, triterpenoids, and sterols. These compounds have various pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral, and immunomodulatory activities. G. lucidum is cultivated and harvested for use in supplements, teas, and other formulations to promote health and longevity. Potential side effects from prolonged use include dryness and sensitivity. It may interact with medications like anticoagulants, antiplatelets, amphetamines, and hypoglycemic agents.
Proposal Cultivation, Value Addition, Warehousing & Marketing of Medicinal Pl...Sanjay Talukdar
This document provides details on a proposal submitted to the National Medicinal Plant Board in India for assistance to Joint Forest Management Committees (JFMCs) and Village Forest Management Committees (VFMCs) for the cultivation, processing, storage, and marketing of medicinal plants. The proposal's objectives are to conserve and sustainably manage 17 medicinal and aromatic plant species in Nagaland, India through the involvement of local communities. It provides background on the medicinal plants resources in Nagaland and lists over 100 plant species and their traditional medicinal uses by local tribes.
This document is a literature survey report on the extraction of guava leaves submitted by Debashish Bala for their B-Pharm degree. It introduces guava leaves and their various medicinal properties. It then describes different extraction techniques used to separate active compounds from plant materials like maceration, infusion, percolation, and Soxhlet extraction. The literature review section summarizes several research papers on guava leaf extraction published between 2008-2019. The report concludes that guava leaves are a very useful natural medicine with many pharmacological actions and researchers continue to study guava leaf extracts.
Herbs as Plant Materials : In this video the viewers will come to know about herbs as plant materials. Herbs are flowering plants whose stems grow above ground and are not woody. They have weak and soft stems. They are plants which are known for medicinal value, flower scent, etc. Any plant with leaves, seeds, or flowers used for flavouring, food, medicine, or perfume. Any seed-bearing plant that does not have a woody stem and dies down to the ground after flowering.
•
Portion explained:
1. Herbs as Plant Materials
2. Definition of herbs
3. What is herbal medicine?
4. Herbal Medicine
5. History of Herbal Medicine
6. Modern herbal medicine
7. Herbal preparations
This document discusses herbs and herbal medicines. It defines herbs as leafy or flowering parts of plants used for culinary, medicinal, or spiritual purposes. Herbal medicines can be raw plant materials, processed plant materials, or herbal medicinal products. The document emphasizes the importance of properly identifying, authenticating, and processing herbal raw materials to ensure safety and efficacy of the final herbal product.
Therapeutic Properties and Nutritive Values of Some Fruit Bearing Medicinal P...Ram Sahu
The medicinal plants imparts chief role in protecting our health from various disease. It is nature’s gift to human being to live healthy life. Medicinal plants are believed to be much safer and proved as elixir in the treatment of various ailments. Medicinal plants used in Indian system of medicine from Rajasthan state have been surveyed and categorized systematically. The manuscript incorporated the therapeutic properties and nutritive values of medicinal plants of Rajasthan. The paper deals with 11 medicinal plants, thoroughly indexed along with their important traditional application for the cure of various ailments. This study also incorporates the ethno-botany and biological activities of these important plants
Medicinal properties of plant terminalia bellerica(barro) which have
contain different chemical constituent and having differnt biological activity like Analgesic activity,Anti diarrhoeal activity, Antioxidant activity, Antihypertensive effect, Anti salmonella activity, Anti- Spasmodic and, Bronchodilatory properties, Anti-micobial activity, Antimicrobial and Toxicity studies, Wound healing activity
Active constituent of Sweta chirata as AntidibeticASHOK GAUTAM
Swertia chirata is a plant native to India that grows in mountainous regions. It contains several bitter chemical constituents such as swerchirin, chiratin, and opelic acid. Extracts of the leaves and stems using methanol were found to contain xanthone derivatives that have hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Specifically, compounds like swerchirin, methylswertianin, and bellidifolin were shown to stimulate insulin release from pancreatic cells and increase glucokinase activity to lower blood glucose levels. Structure-activity relationship studies found that substitution of a methoxy group was more active than a hydroxyl group in reducing blood sugar.
Value Addition of Nine Medicinal Plants in Arunachal PradeshSanjay Talukdar
Understood requirements from forest departments and other stakeholders, gathered information, researched, planned & designed the JFMC Proposal for Value Addition of Nine Medicinal Plants for Forest Department of Arunachal Pradesh.
Secondary research, planning & designing the project which included the implementation plan, budgeting, feasibility study analysis.
This document discusses herbal formulations, including types such as herbal syrups, herbal mixtures, and tablets. It provides details on preparing herbal syrups, including using equal proportions of herbal infusions/decoctions and honey or sugar. Advantages of herbal syrups include masking bad tastes and soothing irritated tissues. The document also discusses novel herbal dosage forms like phytosomes, which are complexes of herbal extracts and phospholipids that can enhance absorption and bioavailability. Methods of preparing phytosomes and evaluating their properties and advantages are provided.
1. Tinospora cordifolia is a climbing shrub used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat various diseases. It contains many bioactive compounds like alkaloids, diterpenoids, glycosides, etc.
2. The objectives of the study are to collect and standardize T. cordifolia plants from South India, analyze secondary metabolite content through HPLC, and evaluate hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities.
3. Micropropagation of T. cordifolia involves selection of healthy explants, surface sterilization, culture in MS medium with growth hormones, shoot proliferation, and rooting of microshoots.
Isolation and Screening of Secondary Metabolitesangelsalaman
This document discusses industrial microbiology and the production of various products through microbial fermentation processes. It describes how microorganisms are used to produce pharmaceuticals, chemicals, enzymes and other industrial products. Specific examples discussed include antibiotics, vitamins, amino acids, alcoholic beverages and biofuels. The document also covers topics like isolating and screening microorganisms, secondary metabolite production, large-scale fermentation processes, and genetic engineering techniques used to modify microbes for industrial applications.
This document discusses floating drug delivery systems (FDDS). It begins with an introduction describing FDDS as low-density systems that remain buoyant in the stomach without affecting gastric emptying rate, resulting in increased gastric retention time. It then covers basic gastrointestinal tract physiology, approaches to prolonging gastric residence time including floating systems, and the mechanisms of floating systems. Some advantages include enhanced bioavailability and sustained drug delivery. Widely used polymers, preparation methods, classifications, evaluation tests, marketed products, and conclusions are also summarized.
The document discusses diabetes and related topics. It defines diabetes, describes the different types, and explains insulin and its role in regulating blood glucose levels. It provides recommendations from WHO on diagnosing hyperglycemia in pregnancy. It lists plant families and compounds that show antidiabetic properties. Herbal drugs are classified based on their mechanisms of action and secondary metabolites. Various antidiabetic herbs, parts used, and active components are outlined. Symptoms and classes of oral hypoglycemic drugs are also mentioned.
This document summarizes diabetes mellitus and insulin. It describes the different types of diabetes, how blood glucose and insulin levels are monitored, and the mechanisms and effects of insulin in the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. It also discusses various insulin preparations and oral anti-diabetic drugs used to treat diabetes, including their mechanisms of action, dosages, durations, and potential adverse effects.
How to format powerpoint presentation slidesmikejeffs
How to format PowerPoint presentation slides. Tips and tricks within Microsoft PowerPoint to use to arrange your slides including; view type, grids, guidelines and themes.
Identification of Bioactive Phytochemicals using GC–MS in Leaf Ethanolic Extr...ijtsrd
Tragia involucrata is belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae common medicinal herb in Southern India. In the present investigation, air died powdered ethanol extracts of Tragia involucrata leaf sample was analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry GC–MS to identify the important phytochemical constituents. The GC MS analysis has shown the presence of 43 active compounds in the leaf extract. Based on area percentage, the top five major compounds present in the ethanolic extract were Palmitic acid 13.39 , 7Z,10Z,13Z 7,10,13 Hexadecatrienal 11.44 , 3beta,24s Stigmast 5 En 3 One 8.10 , Pipeline 7.37 and Friedelan 3 one 6.01 . The GC MS analysis of selected leaf extract proved that the presence of various bioactive compounds. These bioactive compounds justify, the use of this plant to treat various diseases by traditional practitioners. Kalaivanan M | A. Saravana Ganthi | M. Padma Sorna Subramanian "Identification of Bioactive Phytochemicals using GC–MS in Leaf Ethanolic Extract of Tragia Involucrata L" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43651.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.combiological-science/biochemistry/43651/identification-of-bioactive-phytochemicals-using-gc–ms-in-leaf-ethanolic-extract-of-tragia-involucrata-l/kalaivanan-m
PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF TRIBULUS TERRESTRIS LINN: A SYSTEMIC activitie...Georgi Daskalov
Tribulus terrestris (puncture vine) is a plant that has long been used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments. A review was conducted of 28 studies on the pharmacological activities of T. terrestris, including 23 experimental studies and 5 clinical trials. The studies demonstrated that T. terrestris has antihypertensive, vasodilator, analgesic, cholesterol-lowering, muscle relaxing, and other effects. Specifically, experimental studies showed it has aphrodisiac properties and can positively impact the reproductive, urinary, nervous, and cardiovascular systems. Clinical trials provided evidence for its ability to enhance sperm production, treat lower urinary tract symptoms, and have other effects. However, more
Medicinal properties of tinospora cordifolia (guduchi)IJARIIT
Tinospora cordifolia is one of the most important medicinal plant commonly known as Giloy belonging to the
menispermaceae family is a deciduous climbing shrub described known for its immense application in the treatment of various
diseases such as jaundice, fever, diabetes, and skin diseases etc. The chemical constituents of this shrub belong to different
classes such as alkaloid, lactones, steroids, phenolics, aliphatic compound, glycosides and polyscharide compounds having
medical importance.
A Review on Therapeutic Multipurpose Medicinal use of Tinospora Cordifoliaijtsrd
The present review gives the information about the Tinospora cord folia Gauche or Amrita is used as medicine such as Ayurvedic, Uninai, Sridhar and Homeopathy that is also called AYUSH. Tinospora cordifolia is also called "Heavenly elixir". The various types of drugs subjected for number of chemicals, preclinical, pharmacological and therapeutic applications have been indicated. Various allelopathic drugs are used to cure the several diseases to increase the level of prominence of crude extract of Tinospora cord folia. All the parts of Tinospora cordifolia plant is used as therapeutic uses, it contains phytochemicals compounds. These compounds are used in cognition, anti tumour, anti inflammatory, anti neoplastic, anti osteoporotic, antimalarial, anti hyperglycemia, anti hyper lipidemia, antioxidant, anti tuberculosis, anti angiogenic and anti allergic. It is also used to control the side effects of cancer chemotherapy, radiotherapy and in surgery. The current study presents the chemical and biological activity use in medical science and in field of research. Priyanka Gupta "A Review on Therapeutic Multipurpose Medicinal use of Tinospora Cordifolia" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27859.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/27859/a-review-on-therapeutic-multipurpose-medicinal-use-of-tinospora-cordifolia/priyanka-gupta
This document describes a study that evaluated the hepatoprotective effects of the ethanolic extract of Tephrosia purpurea root in a thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity rat model. Rats treated with thioacetamide showed significant liver damage and increased serum liver enzyme levels. Rats treated with the ethanolic extract of T. purpurea root at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg showed a significant reduction in serum liver enzyme levels and histological evidence of reduced liver damage compared to rats that only received thioacetamide. The 400 mg/kg dose provided better hepatoprotection than the 200 mg/kg dose. The results suggest that the ethanolic extract of T. pur
Hepatoprotective Potential of Tephrosia purpurea in Thioacetamide-Induced Hep...BRNSS Publication Hub
Background: Hepatotoxicity ultimately leads to liver failure. Conventional treatment options for hepatotoxicity are limited and not safe. Aim: The present work has been designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of ethanolic extract of the root of Tephrosia purpurea (Linn.) against thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity in experimental Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods: The plant roots, T. purpurea, were collected from the local area of Jodhpur, Rajasthan, and verification was done by Botanical Survey of India (BSI), Jodhpur, Rajasthan, and a herbarium specimen was deposited in BSI with No. LMC/PM/PD-001. All other reagents and chemicals were of suitable analytical grade and were used as received. Results: On the basis of statistical analysis, both the doses (200 and 400 mg/kg b.wt) of the ethanolic extract of T. purpurea root shown significant hepatoprotective activity compare to negative control. The dose of 400 mg/kg b.wt showed better reduction in serum enzyme level compare to 200 mg/kg b.wt dose of the ethanolic extract of T. purpurea root. Results were determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA non-parametric) followed by Dunnett’s test with P < 0.01 considered statistically significant. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, it may be concluded that the ethanolic extract of T. purpurea root has a significant protective effect on liver injuries.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the hepatoprotective potential of the ethanolic extract of Tephrosia purpurea root in a thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity rat model. Rats treated with thioacetamide showed significant liver damage and increased serum liver enzyme levels. Treatment with the ethanolic extract of T. purpurea root at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg resulted in a significant reduction in serum liver enzyme levels and improvement in liver histopathology compared to the untreated hepatotoxic group. The 400 mg/kg dose showed better hepatoprotection than the 200 mg/kg dose. The results suggest that the ethanolic extract of T. purpurea root has
This document describes a study that evaluated the hepatoprotective potential of the ethanolic extract of Tephrosia purpurea root in a thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity rat model. Rats were pretreated with two doses of the T. purpurea extract or a standard drug before being given thioacetamide to induce liver damage. Liver enzymes, bilirubin levels, and histopathological analysis showed that both doses of the T. purpurea extract significantly reduced liver damage compared to the negative control, with the higher dose showing better protection. The results suggest that the T. purpurea root extract has hepatoprotective effects against thioacetamide-induced liver injury in rats
PHYTO-NUTRITIONAL PROFILES OF BROOM WEED (SIDA ACUTA) LEAF EXTRACTSubmissionResearchpa
Medicinal plants are abundant in phytochemicals that has significant therapeutic effects. They are relatively cheap, effective and safe in prolong use. This experiment was carried out to investigate the phyto-nutritional profile of broom weed (Sida acuta) leaf extract. Proximate analysis Sida acuta leaf indicated the presence of dry matter (91.88 %), crude protein (18.01 %), ash (9.73 %), crude fibre (6.24 %), ether extract (1.77 %) and energy (2760 Kcal/kg). Phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of condensed tannins, hydrolysable tannins, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, oxalate, phytate, alkaloids, terpenoids and glycosides at 0.82 %, 2.02 %, 4.25 %, 0.20 %, 0.17 %, 0.05 %, 0.23 %, 0.22 %, 0.95 % and 0.02 % respectively and the vitamin constituents are thiamine (0.33 mg/100g), ascorbic acid (30.17 mg/100g), riboflavin (0.05 mg/100g), β-carotene (0.79 mg/100g) and niacin (0.41 mg/100g). Mineral analysis showed that it contained calcium (127.6 mg/100g), phosphorus (78.6 mg/100g), potassium (31.6 mg/100g), magnesium (102.1 mg/100g), iron (2.14 mg/100g), manganese (0.60 mg/100g), copper (0.04 mg/100g) and zinc (1.75 mg/100g). Result on amino acid composition showed that they contained lysine (2.11 mg/100g), arginine (1.77 mg/100g), aspartic acid (2.13 mg/100g), threonine (1.85 mg/100g), histidine (4.71 mg/100g), serine (2.03 mg/100g), glycine (1.05 mg/100g), alanine (3.31 mg/100g), cystine (5.06 mg/100g), valine (0.88 mg/100g), leucine (2.04 mg/100g), phenyalanine (4.72 mg/100g), tyrosine (3.51 mg/100g), isoleucine (2.84 mg/100g), methionine (0.85 mg/100g) and proline (1.05 mg/100g). It was concluded that Sida acuta leaf extract is rich in various nutrients and phytochemicals conferring it the ability to perform multiple biological activities and as a natural alternative to antibiotics. by Shittu, M. D and Alagbe, J.O 2020. PHYTO-NUTRITIONAL PROFILES OF BROOM WEED (SIDA ACUTA) LEAF EXTRACT. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Nov. 2020), 119-124. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.845. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/845/806 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/845
Analgesic activity of various leaf extracts of saraca indica linn.Younis I Munshi
The document summarizes a study that evaluated the analgesic activity of different leaf extracts of Saraca indica in mice models. The extracts showed dose-dependent analgesic effects in both the formalin-induced pain and tail immersion tests. In the formalin test, the methanol extract at 400 mg/kg produced the highest analgesic activity, inhibiting pain response by 55.87% in the first phase and 49.21% in the second phase. In the tail immersion test, the methanol extract also increased the tail flick latency time the most compared to control, suggesting it may have central analgesic effects. The results indicate that extracts of Saraca indica leaves possess analgesic properties.
ABSTRACT- The genus Jurinea (Compositae) was reviewed for its chemical constituents and biological significance including traditional uses. The genus has been known for its numerous biological activities like antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticholinesterase, antilipid peroxidation, anti-toxic, antileishmanial activity. Most of the plants of this genus are rich sources of sesquiterpene lactones and triterpenes. The bioactive constituents or plants extracts may be uses for treatment of various diseases and these would be used as a new formulation for the novel drugs discovery in pharmaceutical industries.
This review presents comprehensive information on the chemistry and pharmacology of the genus together with the traditional uses of many of its plants. In addition, this review discusses the structure-activity relationship of different compounds as well as recent developments and the scope for future research in this aspect.
Key Words: Jurinea, Incence, Sesquiterpene Lactones, Antioxidant, Antibacterial
This study examined the phytochemical composition and antibacterial activity of Pulicaria crispa, an annual herb used in traditional medicine. Four solvents were used to extract secondary metabolites from the aerial parts of P. crispa. Phytochemical screening found high amounts of alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenols in ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts. Antibacterial testing of the extracts showed methanol, ethanol, and ethyl acetate extracts had high activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at a concentration of 100. Water extracts had the lowest antibacterial activity. The results support the traditional use of P. crispa
Phytochemical Screening and Anthelmintic Activity of Flower Extract of Nyctan...ijtsrd
Nyctanthes arbor tristis Linn commonly known as Night flowering Jasmine , belonging to the family Oleaceae, is known for its extensive traditional medicinal use by the rural, mainly tribal people of India along with its use in Ayurveda, Sidha, and Unani systems of medicines. Traditionally, whole plants and different parts have used as an herbal remedy for treating sciatica, arthritis, malaria, enlargement of spleen and as blood purifier. The beautiful white flowers are bitter in taste and are used as stomachic, carminative, astringent to bowel, anti bilious, expectorant, hair tonic and in the treatment of piles and various skin diseases. Recent pharmacological studies showed anti spasmodic, antioxidant, anthelmintic, cytoprotective, anti diabetic, anti leishmanial, CNS depressant activity of the flower extract. In the present study, the different parameters studied helps in the standardization of the leaves and the methanolic extract shows potent anthelmintic activity which may be due to presence of alkaloid in the extract. As a there is no evidence was found for the anthelmintic activity of flower. Ms. Chetana D. Patil | Ms. Ashwini N. Shelke | Mrs. Pooja S.Bhandare "Phytochemical Screening & Anthelmintic Activity of Flower Extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50042.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmacognosy-/50042/phytochemical-screening-and-anthelmintic-activity-of-flower-extract-of-nyctanthes-arbortristis/ms-chetana-d-patil
Phytochemical Analysis of the Ayurvedic Formulation, Triphala and its Constit...ijtsrd
‘Triphala’ is a traditional Ayurvedic herbal formulation, consisting of equal parts of three medicinal fruits namely, Emblica officinalis Gaertn., Terminalia bellerica Roxb. and Terminalia chebula Retz. In India, it is considered the most versatile of all herbal formulations. ‘Triphala’ is found to be very effective in helping to control weight gain, chronic constipation, chronic degenerative conditions, conjunctivitis and progressive myopia. It also cures early stages of glaucoma and cataracts. In the present study, the aqueous and methanolic extracts of dried fruits and leaves of the constituent plants, individually and in equiproportional combinations were subjected to preliminary phytochemical studies. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of steroids, flavonoids, coumarins, alkaloids, proteins, sugars and phenolic compounds. Combination extracts gave better results than individual aqueous and methanol extracts. Leaf extracts individual and combination were found to be equally effective as fruit extracts. Considering the availability and cost factor, leaves may be a cheaper substitute in favor of fruits. Lakshmi M "Phytochemical Analysis of the Ayurvedic Formulation, 'Triphala' and its Constituents" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-5 , October 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59851.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/59851/phytochemical-analysis-of-the-ayurvedic-formulation--triphala-and-its-constituents/lakshmi-m
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Experimental studies on antioxidant properties of calotropis giganteaIAEME Publication
This study investigated the antioxidant properties of solvent extracts from Calotropis gigantea leaves, buds, and flowers. Various solvent extracts (ethanol, methanol, chloroform, aqueous) were tested for their ability to scavenge DPPH and hydrogen peroxide radicals. Many extracts showed radical scavenging activity comparable to standard antioxidants like ascorbic acid and quercetin. However, the reducing power of the extracts was lower than standards. The radical scavenging could be due to metabolites like alkaloids, tannins, and polyphenols detected in the plant. While supporting C. gigantea's traditional use, further studies are needed to better utilize its antioxidant properties.
Experimental studies on antioxidant properties of calotropis giganteaIAEME Publication
This study investigated the antioxidant properties of solvent extracts from Calotropis gigantea leaves, buds, and flowers. Various solvent extracts (ethanol, methanol, chloroform, aqueous) were tested for their ability to scavenge DPPH and hydrogen peroxide radicals. Many extracts showed radical scavenging activity comparable to standard antioxidants like ascorbic acid and quercetin. However, the reducing power of the extracts was lower than standards. The radical scavenging could be due to metabolites like alkaloids, tannins, and polyphenols detected in the plant. While supporting C. gigantea's traditional use, further studies are needed to better utilize its antioxidant properties.
EVALUATION OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF SALIX SUBSERRATA IN PARACETAMOL IN...gynomark
This document describes a study that evaluated the hepatoprotective activity of the ethanolic extract of Salix subserrata in paracetamol-induced Wistar rats. The study involved preparing an ethanolic extract of S. subserrata leaves, performing phytochemical screening to identify compounds present, and assessing the extract's ability to protect against paracetamol-induced liver damage in rats. Rats were pretreated with the extract or a standard drug before paracetamol administration, then liver damage biomarkers and histology were analyzed. Preliminary results found the extract contained various phytochemicals and showed hepatoprotective effects by reducing paracetamol-induced changes in liver weight and biomarkers
Evaluation of phytochemicals and fluroscent analysis of flower extract of Cou...pharmaindexing
This document evaluates the phytochemicals and fluorescent analysis of flower extracts from Couroupita guianensis. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, saponins, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, protein and steroids in the flower extracts. Fluorescent analysis under visible light showed characteristic color changes with different chemical reagents. The results suggest the identified phytochemicals may be biologically active compounds that could justify the traditional medicinal uses of the plant.
A REVIEW ON THE AYURVE DIC HERB TRIBULUS TERRESTRIS L. M.D. UKANI, D.D. NA...Georgi Daskalov
A REVIEW ON THE AYURVE
DIC HERB TRIBULUS
TERRESTRIS L.
M.D. UKANI, D.D. NANAVATI and N.K. MEHTA
BAN LABS Pvt. Ltd., Dr. Vikram Sarabhai Na
gar, Gondal Road (South), Rajkot – 360 004,
Gujara
This document provides guidelines for researching and evaluating herbal medicines used in traditional medicine. It defines key terms related to herbal medicines and outlines approaches for assessing quality, safety, and efficacy. Specifically, it recommends verifying the botanical identity of herbal materials and standardizing herbal preparations to contain defined amounts of active ingredients when possible. It also provides guidance on acute and long-term toxicity testing to evaluate safety. The guidelines aim to improve research while respecting the history of established herbal medicine practices.
This document discusses nutraceuticals and their potential role in medicine. It defines key terms like dietary supplements, nutraceuticals, and functional foods. It outlines the growing interest in using foods and herbal remedies to promote health and prevent disease. Research is strengthening the evidence that certain nutrients may support health and longevity by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation associated with aging. The field of nutrigenomics also aims to develop personalized nutrition approaches based on individual genetics. Overall the document argues that nutraceuticals have potential medical benefits but more research is still needed.
1) Phytotherapy can pose safety risks due to intrinsically toxic phytoconstituents, excessive ingestion, or interactions with other medicines.
2) Toxic phytoconstituents include aristolochic acids, β-asarone, estragole, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, and lectins. Excessive ingestion of ginseng, liquorice, or parsley can also cause adverse effects.
3) Interactions between herbal medicines like St. John's Wort and conventional drugs like oral contraceptives or HIV protease inhibitors can reduce the therapeutic effects of those drugs. Proper regulation and safety studies of herbal medicines are needed.
This document analyzes the plant known as Tāmalakī in Ayurvedic medicine. It discusses the various synonyms used for Tāmalakī in different Ayurvedic texts and how this has led to confusion over the plant's identity. The analysis examines viewpoints from both ancient Ayurvedic scholars and modern botanists. While most Ayurvedic authors consider Bhūmyāmalakī and Tāmalakī to be synonymous, modern taxonomy suggests that the plants referred to may include Phyllanthus niruri, P. fraternus, P. urinaria, and P. amarus. There remains disagreement over the precise botanical identity and taxonomy.
This document summarizes the traditional Ayurvedic fermented medicines known as arishtas and asavas. It describes how arishtas are fermented decoctions and asavas are fermented infusions made from herbs. The preparation process involves adding herbs, sugars like jaggery, and a fermentation initiator like dhataki flowers to water or juice in earthen pots. This mixture is then fermented for 6-30 days depending on season, and yields an alcoholic medicine. Typical recipes include ingredients like asoka bark for Asokarishta and datura for Kanakasava. The document analyzes 79 such fermented medicines used in Ayurveda and their applications. It also discusses aven
This document discusses the standardization of the Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation Nyagrodhadi churna (NC), which is used to treat various types of prameha (polyuria), including madhumeha (diabetes mellitus).
NC consists of 28 herbal ingredients in powder form. The study standardized NC production according to modern scientific quality control procedures for both raw materials and finished products. Some modifications were made to the ingredients to ensure availability and similarity to traditional components. Organoleptic, physicochemical, chromatographic, and microbiological analyses were performed on both raw materials and finished NC. The obtained parameter values can be used to establish new pharmacopoeial standards for consistent NC preparation using traditional
1) The paper discusses numerical versus quantitative variations in ingredients of Cyavanaprāśa, an Ayurvedic formulation containing Āmalaka (Indian gooseberry). Āmalaka is described in varying sizes depending on environmental factors.
2) The standard description of Cyavanaprāśa calls for 500 pieces of Āmalaka, but the weight of 500 pieces can vary greatly from 2.5-25.25 kg. This variation poses a challenge for developing standard operating procedures and standardized formulations.
3) Experimental studies were conducted to determine the weight of Āmalaka samples from different regions and its yield after processing. The results suggest the description of 500 pieces of Ā
Ayurvedic Alcoholic beverages in AyurvedaRB parishat
This document discusses traditional alcoholic beverages described in Ayurveda, the traditional Indian system of medicine. It groups the beverages into 7 categories based on the raw materials and fermentation process used. The categories include sugar-based, fruit-based, cereal-based, and those with herbs. Specific beverages are described such as Sarkara wine from sugar and Mardvika/Kapisa wine from grapes. The document outlines the constituents and proposed health effects of the different beverages according to Ayurvedic texts, such as treating anemia, piles, and urinary disorders. It suggests modern scientific analysis could help validate traditional knowledge about these fermented therapies.
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Indian Journal of Pharmacology 2003; 35: 83-91 EDUCATIONAL FORUM
TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA: CHEMISTRY AND MEDICINAL PROPERTIES
CHEMISTRY AND MEDICINAL PROPERTIES OF TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA
(GUDUCHI)
S.S. SINGH, S.C. PANDEY, S. SRIVASTAVA, V.S. GUPTA, B. PATRO,
A.C. GHOSH
Chembiotek Research International, Block-BN, Plot-7, Sector-V, Salt Lake Electronic Complex,
Kolkata-700 091.
Manuscript Received: 7.5.2002 Revised: 5.9.2002 Accepted: 9.9.2002
ABSTRACT Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi) is a widely used shrub in folk and ayurvedic systems of medicine. This
review presents a detailed survey of the literature on chemistry and medicinal properties of Tinospora
cordifolia. The chemical constituents reported from this shrub belong to different classes such as alkaloids,
diterpenoid lactones, glycosides, steroids, sesquiterpenoid, phenolics, aliphatic compounds and
polysaccharides. The notable medicinal properties reported are anti-diabetic, anti-periodic, anti-spasmodic,
anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, anti-oxidant, anti-allergic, anti-stress, anti-leprotic, anti-malarial,
hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory and anti-neoplastic activities.
KEY WORDS Anti-diabetic anti-oxidant alternative medicine phytochemistry
Introduction Guduchi is widely used in veterinary folk medicine/
ayurvedic system of medicine for its general tonic, anti-
Guduchi [Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook. periodic, anti-spasmodic, anti-inflammatory, anti-
F. & Thoms] is a large, glabrous, deciduous climbing arthritic, anti-allergic and anti-diabetic properties 2-6. The
shrub belonging to the family Menispermaceae1,2. It plant is used in ayurvedic, "Rasayanas" to improve the
is distributed throughout tropical Indian subcontinent immune system and the body resistance against
and China, ascending to an altitude of 300 m. In Hindi, infections. The root of this plant is known for its anti-
the plant is commonly known as Giloya, which is a stress, anti-leprotic and anti-malarial activities 6,7. Authors
Hindu mythological term that refers to the heavenly investigated earlier one of the plants of the family
elixir that have saved celestial beings from old age Menispermaceae and found that the constituents and
and kept them eternally young. The stem of Tinospora activities were similar to other reports8,9.
cordifolia are rather succulent with long filiform fleshy
aerial roots from the branches. The bark is creamy
Chemistry
white to grey, deeply left spirally, the space in between
being spotted with large rosette like lenticels. The A variety of constituents have been isolated from
leaves are membranous and cordate. The flowers Tinospora cordifolia plant and their structures were
are small and yellow or greenish yellow. In auxiliary elucidated. They belong to different classes such as
and terminal racemes or racemose panicles, the male alkaloids, diterpenoid lactones, glycosides, steroids,
flowers are clustered and female are usually solitary. sesquiterpenoid, phenolics, aliphatic compounds and
The drupes are ovoid, glossy, succulent, red and pea- polysaccharides.
sized. The seeds are curved. Fruits are fleshy and
single seeded. Flowers grow during the summer and Leaves of this plant are rich in protein (11.2%) and
fruits during the winter1,3. are fairly rich in calcium and phosphorus 6,10. Studies
Correspondence: S.S. Singh
e-mail: singh_ss@hotmail.com
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84 S.S. SINGH et al.
Type of Chemical Active principle with references Part in which present
14-18 14-18
Alkaloids Berberine (I) , Palmatine (II) , Stem
Tembetarine (III, 0.012%)14-18, Magnoflorine (IV, 0.075%)14-18,
Choline (V)14-18, Tinosporin14-18, Isocolumbin19, Palmatine19, Root
Tetrahydropalmatine (VI) 19, Magnoflorine19
Glycosides 18-norclerodane glucoside (VII) 20 Stem
Furanoid diterpene glucoside21,22 (VIII and IX)
Tinocordiside (X) 23,24,Tinocordifolioside (XI) 25-26.
Cordioside25,26, Cordifolioside A 27,28, Cordifolioside B27,28,
Syringin (XII) 29,30, Syringin-apiosylglycoside29,30,
Palmatosides C31, Palmatosides F , 31
Cordifoliside A (XIII) 28,32, Cordiofoliside B28,32,
Cordifoliside C28,32, Cordifoliside D28,32, Cordifoliside E28,32
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TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA: CHEMISTRY AND MEDICINAL PROPERTIES 85
Type of Chemical Active principle with references Part in which present
Diterpenoid Furanolactone XIV 33, Whole plant
Lactones Clerodane derivatives XV, XVI34,35 and
XVII [(5R,10R)-4R-8R-dihydroxy-2S-3R:15,16-
diepoxy-cleroda-13 (16), 14-dieno-17,12S:
18,1S-dilactone]36 and Tinosporon37,
Tinosporides XVIII1,22,38-43 and XIX 1,22,38-43,
Jateorine (XX) 1,38-43, Columbin (XXI) 1,22,38-43
Steroids β -sitosterol (XXII) 44-47, δ-sitosterol44-47, 20β- Aerial part
hydroxy ecdysone (XXIII) 44-47.
Ecdysterone (XXIV)48-50, Makisterone A (XXV)48-50, Stem
Giloinsterol48-50.
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86 S.S. SINGH et al.
Type of Chemical Active principle with references Part in which present
Sesquiterpenoid Tinocordifolin51. Stem
45-47 45-47
Aliphatic Octacosanol (XXVI) , Heptacosanol (XXVII) , Whole plant
compound Nonacosan-15-one (XXVIII) 45-47
Miscellaneous 3,(α,4-di hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-4-(4- Whole plant
compounds hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-tetrahydrofuran45-47.
Jatrorrhizine (XXIX) 52. Root
Tinosporidine17,47,53, Cordifol17,47,53, Whole plant
Cordifelone17,47,53,
N-trans-feruloyl tyramine as diacetate54,
Giloin48,55, Giloinin48,55, Tinosporic acid48,55.
Anti-pyretic
on the physical characteristic and chemical
composition of the starch obtained from Guduchi
Satwa (extract) were carried out and the
polysaccharide was found to consist chiefly of 1g4
linked glucan with occasionally branched points11,12. Tinospora cordifolia
Its similarities and differences from amylose were (Constituent/Preparation)
elucidated. An arabinogalactan had been isolated
from the dried stems of T. cordifolia13.
Medicinal properties
The stem of Tinospora cordifolia is one of the
constituents of several ayurvedic preparations used
in general debility, dyspepsia, fever and urinary
diseases. The stem is bitter, stomachic, diuretic56,
stimulates bile secretion, causes constipation, allays
thirst, burning sensation, vomiting, enriches the blood The aqueous extract of the stem antagonizes the
and cures jaundice. The extract of its stem is useful effect of agonists such as 5-hydroxytryptamine,
in skin diseases 57,58. The root and stem of T. cordifolia histamine, bradykinin and prostaglandins E1 and E2
are prescribed in combination with other drugs as on the rabbit smooth muscle, relaxes the intestinal,
an anti-dote to snake bite and scorpion sting2,3,6. Dry uterine smooth muscle and inhibits the constrictor
barks of T. cordifolia has anti-spasmodic, anti- response of histamine and acetylcholine on smooth
pyretic59, anti-allergic60, anti-inflammatory61,62 and muscle. Intravenous exposure to aqueous extract of
anti-leprotic63 properties. T. cordifolia in doses of 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 mg/kg body
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TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA: CHEMISTRY AND MEDICINAL PROPERTIES 87
weight produces a temporary but marked fall in blood S.aureaus by peritoneal macrophages in rats86. Other
pressure and bradycardia in anaes-thetized dogs 1. workers have also supported these observations. The
phagocytic and Intra-cellular killing capacity of
T. cordifolia is widely used in Indian ayurvedic polymorphs in rats, tested at 3.5 h after E. coli
medicine for treating diabetes mellitus 64-66. Oral infection were significant 87,88.
administration of an aqueous T. cordifolia root extract
to alloxan diabetic rats caused a significant reduction The anti-stress and tonic property of the plant was
in blood glucose and brain lipids. Though the aqueous clinically tested and it was found that it brought about
extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg could elicit significant good response in children with moderate degree of
anti-hyperglycemic effect in different animal models, behaviour disorders and mental deficit. It has also
its effect was equivalent to only one unit/kg of significantly improved the I.Q. levels.
insulin67 .
The hepatoprotective action of T. cordifolia was
It is reported that the daily administration of either reported in one of the experiment in which goats
alcoholic or aqueous extract of T. cordifolia treated with T. cordifolia have shown significant
decreases the blood glucose level and increases clinical and hemato-biochemical improvement in CCl4
glucose tolerance in rodents68,69. Aqueous extract induced hepatopathy. Extract of T. cordifolia has also
also caused a reduction in blood sugar in alloxan- exhibited in vitro inactivating property against
induced hyperglycemia in rats and rabbits in the Hepatitis B and E surface antigen in 48-72 h89.
dose of 400 mg/kg. However, histological exami-
nation of pancreas has not revealed any evidence The aqueous extract of T. cordifolia exerted a
of regeneration of β-cells of islets of Langerhans significant anti-inflammatory effect on cotton pellet
and the possible mode of action of the plant is granuloma and formalin induced arthritis models. Its
through glucose metabolism70. The aqueous extract effect was comparable with Indomethacin and its mode
has also exhibited some inhibitory effect on of action appeared to resemble that of a non-steroidal
adrenaline-induced hyperglycemia. Ethyl acetate anti-inflammatory agent. The dried stem of T. cordifolia
extract of its roots has afforded a pyrrolidine produced significant anti-inflammatory effect in both
derivative with hypoglycemic activity in rabbits71-73. acute and subacute models of inflammation. T.
Another study has also revealed significant cordifolia was found to be more effective than
hypoglycemic effect of extract of leaves in normal acetylsalicylic acid in acute inflammation. But in
and alloxan diabetic rabbits. However, the extract subacute inflammation, the drug was inferior to
had no significant effect on total lipid levels in normal phenylbutazone90. In a clinical evaluation, a compound
or treated rabbits74,75. preparation 'Rumalaya' containing T. cordifolia was
reported to significantly reduce the pain in patients
T. cordifolia is reported to benefit the immune system suffering from rheumatoid arthritis1.
in a variety of ways30,76,77. The alcoholic and aqueous
The aqueous extract of roots of T. cordifolia has
extracts of T. cordifolia have been tested successfully
shown the anti-oxidant action in alloxan diabetes rats.
for immuno-modulatory activity78-84. Pre-treatment
The administration of the extract of T. cordifolia roots
with T. cordifolia was to impart protection against
(2.5, 50 mg/kg body weight) for 6 weeks resulted in
mortality induced by intra-abdominal sepsis following
a significant reduction of serum and tissue
coecal ligation in rats. It has also significantly reduced
cholesterol, phospholipids and free fatty acids in
the mortality from E. coli induced peritonitis in mice.
alloxan diabetic rats91.
In a clinical study, it has afforded protection in
cholestatic patients against E. coli infection. These Jagetia et al., have found that guduchi killed the HeLa
activities are not due to its anti-bacterial activity as cells very effectively in vitro and thus it indicates that
shown by the negative in-vitro anti-bacterial activity guduchi needs attention as an anti-neoplastic agent 92.
of the plant extract78,85. It is reported that the treatment In this study exposure of HeLa cells to 0, 5, 10, 25,
in rats had resulted in significant leucocytosis and 50 and 100 µg/ml of guduchi extract (methanol,
predominant neutrophilia. It has been also observed aqueous and methylene chloride) resulted in a dose
that it stimulates the macrophages as evidenced by dependent but significant increase in cell killing when
an increase in the number and % phagocytosis of compared to non drug treated controls.
6. [Downloaded free from http://www.ijp-online.com on Wednesday, August 06, 2008]
88 S.S. SINGH et al.
Ether extract of the stem distillate of aerial part of T. 11. Mehra PN, Puri HS. Studies on Gaduchi satwa. Indian J
cordifolia has inhibited the in vitro growth of Pharm 1969;31:180-2.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis at 1:50,000 dilution93. Its
12. Rao EV, Rao MV. Studies on the polysaccharide preparation
ethanolic extract has exhibited significant antipyretic (Guduchi satwa) derived from Tinospora cordifolia. Indian
activity in experimental rats. 'Septilin' syrup, a J Pharm Sci 1981;43:103-6.
compound preparation containing T. cordifolia (7.82%
in 5 ml of syrup) was found to elicit good clinical 13. Chintalwar G, Jain A, Sipahimalani A, Banerji A, Sumariwalla
P, Ramakrishnan R, et al. An immunologically active
response in children suffering from upper respiratory arabinogalactan from Tinospora cordifolia. Phytochemistry
tract infection and chronic otitis media94. 1999;52:1089-94.
The Ayurveda literature reports that it can cause 14. Kumar S, Verma NS, Pande D, Srivastava PS. In vitro
constipation, if taken regularly in high doses; it has regeneration and screening of berberine in Tinospora
no side effect and toxicity. Yet the safety and the cordifolia. J Med Arom Plant Sci 2000;22:61.
potential indications in human beings have to be
established using modern methods. 15. Bisset NG, Nwaiwu J. Quaternary alkaloids of Tinospora
species . Planta Medica 1983;48:275-9.
16. Pachaly P, Schneider C. Alkaloids from Tinospora cordifolia
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SOUTHERN REGIONAL CONFERENCE OF
THE INDIAN PHARMACOLOGICAL SOCIETY - 2003
Dates : 12 - 14 September, 2003
Venue : S.V. Medical College, Tirupati
For further details please contact:
Dr. N. Gopal Reddy
Professor & Head of the Department,
Department of Pharmacology,
Tirupati - 517 507.
Phone : 2233455