Recrystallization is a purification technique in chemistry that involves dissolving both a compound and its impurities in a suitable solvent, allowing for the removal of unwanted substances and the formation of pure crystals. The principle relies on the increased solubility of solutes in solvents at elevated temperatures, leading to crystallization upon cooling. Selecting the right solvent is crucial, as it should dissolve the impurities at room temperature while allowing the desired compound to precipitate when cooled.

1. CHEMISTRY ASSIGNMENT
TOPIC-RE-CRYSTALLIZATION METHODS

2. First , what is re-crystallization exactly ??
In chemistry, recrystallization is a technique used to purify
chemicals. By dissolving both impurities and a compound
in an appropriate solvent, either the desired compound or
impurities can be removed from the solution, leaving the
other behind. It is named for the crystals often formed
when the compound precipitates out.
In chemistry, recrystallization is a procedure for purifying
compounds. The most typical situation is that a desired
"compound A" is contaminated by a small amount of
"impurity B".
PURPOSE OF RE-CRYSTALLIZATION -
In chemistry, recrystallization is a technique used to purify
chemicals. By dissolving both impurities and a compound in
an appropriate solvent, either the desired compound or
impurities can be removed from the solution, leaving the
other behind.

4. PRINCIPLE : -
The principle behind recrystallization is that the amount of solute that can be dissolved by a solvent increases with
temperature. In recrystallization, a solution is created by dissolving a solute in a solvent at or near its boiling point.
At this high temperature, the solute has a greatly increased solubility in the solvent, so a much smaller quantity of
hot solvent is needed than when the solvent is at room temperature. When the solution is later cooled, after
filtering out insoluble impurities, the amount of solute that remains dissolved drops precipitously. At the cooler
temperature, the solution is saturated at a much lower concentration of solute. The solute that can no longer be
held in solution forms purified crystals of solute, which can later be collected.
Recrystallization works only when the proper solvent is used. The solute must be relatively insoluble in the solvent
at room temperature but much more soluble in the solvent at higher temperature. At the same time, impurities that
are present must be soluble in the solvent at room temperature or insoluble in the solvent at a high temperature.
For example, if you wanted to purify a sample of Compound X which is contaminated by a small amount of
Compound Y, an appropriate solvent would be one in which all of Compound Y dissolved at room temperature
because the impurities will stay in solution and pass through filter paper, leaving only pure crystals behind. Also
appropriate would be a solvent in which the impurities are insoluble at a high temperature because they will
remain solid in the boiling solvent and can then be filtered out. When dealing with unknowns, you will need to test
which solvent will work best for you.

5. REFERENCES :-http://www.wiredchemist.com/chemistry/instructional/laboratory-tutorials/recrystallization#:~:text=There%20are%20five%20major%20steps
,finally%2C%20drying%20the%20resulting%20crystals.
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ac60041a002?src=recsys
http://www.pitt.edu/~ceder/add_info/recrystallization.html
https://www.jove.com/science-education/10184/purifying-compounds-by-recrystallization
http://www.f.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~kanai/document/img/recrystallization.pdf
https://people.chem.umass.edu/samal/267/owl/owlrecryst.pdf
http://www.chem.ualberta.ca/~orglabtutorials/Techniques%20Extra%20Info/Recrystallization.html

6. SUBMITTED TO :- ) DR. SYED SHAFI
MADE BY :- RISHABH SHARMA ( B.Sc CLINICAL RESEARCH )
2nd YEAR , 4th SEm