This document presents a summary of chemical reactors. It discusses that reactors are vessels designed to contain chemical reactions and are the heart of chemical processes. It then describes different types of reactors including batch, continuous, semi-batch, and classifications based on operation mode, end use, phases, and catalyst. Continuous reactors allow reactants and products to flow continuously while batch reactors process reactants in batches. Reactor design is important for process economics.

1. A PRESENTATION ON
CHEMICAL REACTOR
PRESENTED BY
Chandramani Manish
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2. Introduction
Reactor is the heart of chemical process.
A vessel is designed to contain chemical
reaction is called a reactor.
An industrial reactor is a complex chemical
device in which heat transfer, mass transfer,
diffusion and friction may occur along with
chemicals with the provision of safety and
control.
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3. Basic Principle
All chemical process are centered in a
chemical reactor. The design of a chemical
reactor is the most important factor in
determining the overall process economics.
Reaction Type
1. Direct combination or synthetic reaction .
A + B = AB
2. Chemical decomposition or analysis
reaction.
AB = A + B
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4. Reactor Types
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5. Classification by mode of
operation.
 Batch Reactor
Batch reactors are used for most of the reactions
carried out in a laboratory.
A batch reactor is typically tank in which stirring
impellers, gas bubbles, or a pump around loop
where a fraction of the reactants is removed and
externally re circulated back to the reactor.
Application
•Fermentation of beverage product
•Waste water treatment.
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6. Batch Reactor
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7. Continuous Reactor
Reactants are added and products removed
continuously at a constant mass flow rate. Large
daily production rates are mostly conducted in
continuous reactor.
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8. Types of continuous reactor.
(a)Tubular reactors
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9. (b) Fixed bed reactors
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10. (c) Fluid bed reactors
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11. (d) Continuous stirred tank
reactors, CSTR
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12. Semi Batch Reactor
Semi batch reactor are especially favored when
there are large heat effects and heat transfer
capability is limited. Exothermic reactions may be
slowed down and endothermic reactions controlled
by limiting reagent concentration.
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13. Classification by END USE
BASED.
1 Polymerization reactor
Polymerization reactor convert raw materials
to polymers having a specific molecular
weight and functionality. The difference
between polymerization and chemical reactor
is artificially based on the size of the
molecule produced.
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14. 2. Biological reactor
Bioreactors utilize (often genetically
manipulated) organisms to catalyze
bioferansformations either aerobically (in
presence of air) or an aerobically(without air
presence).
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15. 3. Electrochemical Reactor.
Electrochemical reactors use electricity to
derive desired reactions.
Example include synthesis of Na metal from
NaCL and AL from bauxite ore.
A verity of reactor types are employed for
specialty materials synthesis alications (e.g.,
electronics, defense and other.
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16. Classification on PHASE
BASED.
1.Single phase
Single phase reactors are typically gas-(or
plasma) or liquid-phase reactors.
2. Multiphase
Multiphase reactors typically have more than
two phases present. The most common
type of multiphase reactor is a gas-liquid-
solid reactor; however, liquid –liquid-solid
reactors are also used. The classification
by phases will be used to develop the
contents of this section.
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17. Classification by CATALYST
based.
1. Homogenous
The catalyst in the same phase as the
reactant.
2. Heterogeneous
Involves the use of a catalyst in
different phase from the reactants.
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