Charles II - Image gallery
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GemaCharles II was painted by Juan Carreño de Miranda. Juan Jose of Austria was the half-brother of Charles II and the only illegitimate son of Philip IV that he recognized, holding important government positions including a regency. The document also mentions Marie Louise of Orléans, the first wife of Charles II, and Marianne of Neoburgo, the second wife of Charles II.
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Image gallery Philip II 001
Philip II had four wives who each bore him children that continued his royal bloodline. Two of his most famous wives were Queen Mary I of England and Anne of Austria. Queen Mary I is depicted wearing two famous Spanish Crown jewels called El Estanque and La Peregrina, large diamonds with significant historical value that were lost during the Spanish War of Independence in 1808. Philip II's wives also included María Manuela of Portugal and Isabel Valois of France.
Philip III - Image Gallery
Philip III ruled Spain from 1578 to 1621. The main achievement of the Duke of Lerma, who influenced Philip III's government, was a pacifist foreign policy. However, Lerma was also known for the high levels of corruption and nepotism during his rule, which made him the richest person in Spain. During Lerma's government, 300,000 Moriscos were expelled from Spain, worsening an existing economic and demographic crisis. Margaret of Austria opposed Lerma's excessive influence and eventually exposed his corruption, allowing her to remove him from politics.
Philip IV - Image Gallery (1 out of 4)
Philip IV ruled Spain from 1605 to 1665. His favorite, the Count Duke of Olivares, constructed the Royal Palace of El Buen Retiro so that the king could relax away from ruling issues. Philip IV had two wives, Elisabeth of France who bore him two children including the future Queen of France, and Mariana of Austria who bore him Charles II, the last Habsburg king of Spain.
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The document discusses the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile. It mentions the Virgin of the Catholic Monarchs painting from 1491-93 depicting them. It also notes the order of the Golden Fleece, an order of chivalry created in 1429 that is now controlled by the current Spanish king and the descendant of the Habsburg dynasty. Portraits of Charles I and Isabel of Portugal made by Titian and Rubens are also briefly mentioned.
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Philip II had four wives who each bore him children that continued his royal bloodline. Two of his most famous wives were Queen Mary I of England and Anne of Austria. Queen Mary I is depicted wearing two famous Spanish Crown jewels called El Estanque and La Peregrina, large diamonds with significant historical value that were lost during the Spanish War of Independence in 1808. Philip II's wives also included María Manuela of Portugal and Isabel Valois of France.
Philip III - Image Gallery
Philip III ruled Spain from 1578 to 1621. The main achievement of the Duke of Lerma, who influenced Philip III's government, was a pacifist foreign policy. However, Lerma was also known for the high levels of corruption and nepotism during his rule, which made him the richest person in Spain. During Lerma's government, 300,000 Moriscos were expelled from Spain, worsening an existing economic and demographic crisis. Margaret of Austria opposed Lerma's excessive influence and eventually exposed his corruption, allowing her to remove him from politics.
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Philip IV ruled Spain from 1605 to 1665. His favorite, the Count Duke of Olivares, constructed the Royal Palace of El Buen Retiro so that the king could relax away from ruling issues. Philip IV had two wives, Elisabeth of France who bore him two children including the future Queen of France, and Mariana of Austria who bore him Charles II, the last Habsburg king of Spain.
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During the 16th century, Spain was the most powerful country in the world, but the 17th century saw its decline for several reasons: Spain spent vast amounts of money and resources participating in the Thirty Years' War and other conflicts, losing territories like Portugal in the process. The kings spent lavishly on wars but neglected infrastructure and the populace, impoverishing the country further, while pirates also attacked Spanish ships, preventing gold and silver from America from reaching Spain. The kings were disinterested in ruling as well, leaving government in the hands of validos, or favorite ministers.
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In the 16th-18th centuries, Spain lost power and territories across Europe due to costly wars and bad harvests. Several kings ruled weakly or through favorites, until the Bourbon dynasty came to power in the early 18th century after the War of Succession. The new kings centralized power and modernized Spain through reforms, establishing Spanish as the sole official language and excluding women from the throne. Cultural achievements flourished like Golden Age art, literature, and the Enlightenment brought by French philosophers, while Goya emerged as one of history's great painters.
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Henry IV of France faced internal religious discord and external threats from Spain in the late 16th century. He issued the Edict of Nantes granting Huguenots religious toleration and repaired France. Louis XIII and Cardinal Richelieu continued centralizing power in the monarchy. Louis XIV ruled France for 72 years and epitomized absolute monarchy, centralizing authority and using the arts to glorify his rule as the "Sun King". He built the palace of Versailles as a symbol of his power.
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4) The Enlightenment of the 18th century promoted reason, science, and individualism over tradition and faith.
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HISTORY: SPAIN IN THE 17th AND 18th CENTURIES (SUMMARY)
In the 16th-18th centuries, Spain lost power and territories across Europe due to costly wars and bad harvests. Several kings ruled weakly or through favorites, until the Bourbon dynasty came to power in the early 18th century after the War of Succession. The new kings centralized power and modernized Spain through reforms, establishing Spanish as the sole official language and excluding women from the throne. Cultural achievements flourished like Golden Age art, literature, and the Enlightenment brought by French philosophers, while Goya emerged as one of history's great painters.
Ch 8 Absolutely France!
Henry IV of France faced internal religious discord and external threats from Spain in the late 16th century. He issued the Edict of Nantes granting Huguenots religious toleration and repaired France. Louis XIII and Cardinal Richelieu continued centralizing power in the monarchy. Louis XIV ruled France for 72 years and epitomized absolute monarchy, centralizing authority and using the arts to glorify his rule as the "Sun King". He built the palace of Versailles as a symbol of his power.
LOUIS XIV
1) Louis XIV became King of France at the age of five and believed in the divine right of kings, earning him the nickname "Sun King".
2) As a child, Louis XIV's power was challenged by a revolt from nobles opposed to his chief minister Cardinal Mazarin's rule.
3) Louis XIV later built the grand palace of Versailles in order to strengthen his absolute power by surrounding himself with luxury and using it as a symbol of France's greatness under his rule.
Louis XIV
1) Louis XIV became King of France at the age of five and believed in the divine right of kings, earning him the nickname "Sun King".
2) As a child, Louis XIV's power was challenged by a revolt from nobles opposed to his chief minister Cardinal Mazarin, though he later solidified control by building the grand palace of Versailles.
3) Versailles served to glorify Louis XIV's absolute power over France and was a symbol of his wealth and authority with its lavish art and gardens attended by hundreds of servants.
War of spanish succession
The War of Spanish Succession was fought from 1702-1713 over who would inherit the Spanish throne after the death of the mentally ill and inbred King Charles II of Spain. Louis XIV of France wanted the throne to go to his grandson, while other European powers supported the Habsburg claim. This caused an alliance led by England, Austria and the Netherlands to form against France and Spain. Major battles included the English victory at Blenheim in 1704 which weakened France. The war ended in 1713 with the Treaty of Utrecht, dividing Spanish territories between Austria and France.
Absolute monarchy
The monarchies of the 1600s. Why a strong military and strong central control were essential to them. Different degrees of absolute control.
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Philip III (1598-1621) was the son and successor of Philip II. He did not directly govern his kingdom and left responsibilities to chief ministers. His reign was short and peaceful.
Philip IV (1621-1665) also left governance to his chief minister, the Count-Duke of Olivares. Under Olivares, Spain engaged in conflicts during the Thirty Years' War but was ultimately defeated at Rocroi in 1643. Olivares' domestic reforms met strong opposition from territories seeking to maintain autonomy.
Charles II (1665-1700) inherited the throne as a child. He was ill and unable to rule, so the government was run by his mother and chief
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The document summarizes the history of politics and monarchy in Spain from the 15th century to the early 18th century. It begins with the marriage of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon in 1469, uniting Spain under their rule. Their grandson Charles I became both King of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor in 1516. After his death, Spain was ruled by the Habsburg dynasty until 1700 when the last Habsburg king Charles II died without an heir, leading to the War of the Spanish Succession and transfer of the throne to the Bourbon dynasty under King Philip V.
War of succession
The document summarizes the Spanish War of Succession that took place from 1701-1714. When King Carlos II of Spain died without an heir in 1700, it sparked a rivalry between the Habsburg dynasty of Austria and the Bourbon dynasty of France over who would inherit the Spanish throne. This led to a civil war within Spain that then turned into an international war. The Treaty of Utrecht in 1714 ended the war, placing Felipe V of the Bourbon dynasty on the Spanish throne and ceding Spanish territories to Austria and England.
Charles II, the bewitched
Charles II was the last king of Spain from the Hapsburg dynasty who ruled from 1661 until 1700. He took the throne at age 4, so his mother ruled as regent until 1675 which led to social and economic crises in Spain. Charles' foreign policy was characterized by wars and loss of territories worldwide. Without a son, he named Philip of Bourbon as his successor in exchange for France returning conquered lands. After his death, the Spanish War of Succession resulted in Spain losing more lands to France and Germany.
Spanish art 19th century goya
Francisco Goya was an 18th century Spanish painter considered one of the most extraordinary in art history. While he lived during this time period, his most innovative work corresponded to the 19th century, as he best represented the turbulent political times in Spain. Goya's style was unique and impossible to classify, as he anticipated several contemporary movements like Romanticism, Impressionism, Expressionism, and Surrealism. His work became more dramatic and original after losing his hearing in 1792, as seen in works like Los Caprichos lithographs, paintings of the War of Independence, and the dark and moody Black Paintings decorated on his home's walls.
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21.1 - Spain’s Empire and European Absolutism
King Philip II of Spain presided over the height of the Spanish Empire in the 16th century, as Spain extracted vast amounts of gold and silver from its American colonies. However, several factors led to the decline of Spain's empire in the following centuries, including inflation from the influx of precious metals, a weak manufacturing base, costly wars to put down rebellions in the Netherlands and Portugal, and attacks on Spanish shipping by privateers from England and other countries. By the late 1600s, Spain was facing financial troubles and the rise of absolutism in Europe as monarchies centralized power.
French Revolution
Louis XIV became king of France at age 5 after his father's death. As a child, he experienced hardship during a revolt against his regents that shaped his authoritarian leadership style as an adult. Louis XIV centralized power around himself, declaring that he embodied the state. He invested in infrastructure, the military, and culture, transforming France but also bankrupting the nation's finances. Growing discontent among the population due to economic troubles and the perception that Louis XVI was out of touch led to the French Revolution.
Spain in the18th and 19th centuries.
This document summarizes important events in late 18th and early 19th century Spain. It describes the reign of King Carlos III who modernized Spain's infrastructure. It then discusses the weak rule of Carlos IV and the influence of Prime Minister Godoy. Napoleon Bonaparte's invasion of Spain and installation of his brother Jose Bonaparte as king led to the Spanish War of Independence from 1808-1814. The Constitution of 1812 established Spain's first constitutional monarchy and granted rights to its citizens, though it initially excluded women and non-Catholics.
The war of Spanish Succession
The War of the Spanish Succession began after the death of the last Spanish Habsburg king in 1700 without an heir, leading to a dispute over who would inherit the Spanish throne. Philip of France assumed the throne as Philip V in 1701, but was opposed by the Grand Alliance of Prussia, England, Austria and the Netherlands. The Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 ended the war, confirming Philip V as King of Spain but requiring he renounce claims to the French throne, and dividing the Spanish Empire between Spain, Austria and Britain, bankrupting France.
Unit 10 The Spanish Empire
Charles V paid more attention to Castile and spent more time there. He got married and raised his son, Philip II, at the Spanish court. Philip II inherited Charles V's vast empire, which included Spain, the Netherlands, and territories in Europe and the Americas. However, the numerous wars Philip fought to maintain control of this empire bankrupted the Spanish economy. By the late 1600s, Spain was in crisis under the rule of the mentally ill King Charles II, and a new French dynasty, the House of Bourbon, took the Spanish throne after his death.
Edad Moderna
King Carlos I became King of Spain in 1516 but faced many challenges ruling his vast empire. His son Felipe II ruled the largest empire of its time but also faced conflicts trying to maintain control over the Netherlands and against England. All of these wars were very costly for Spain. Over subsequent centuries, the Spanish Empire continued to weaken as it lost territories and faced economic difficulties and independence movements. The Modern Age also saw a Golden Age of literature, art, and architecture in Spain.
Sofía Modern Age
The Middle Ages spanned from 1492 to 1789 and was marked by several significant events and cultural movements:
1) The discovery of America in 1492 by Christopher Columbus launched the period and major explorations of new lands.
2) The Renaissance began in Europe in the 15th-16th centuries and revived interest in classical philosophy, rational thinking, science, and the arts.
3) The Baroque period arose in the 17th century and was characterized by dramatic, emotional styles in painting, sculpture, and architecture.
4) The Enlightenment of the 18th century promoted reason, science, and individualism over tradition and faith.
5) The French Revolution from 1789
Modern age
This document provides an overview of Spanish history from the 19th century to the present. It discusses key events like the Spanish War of Independence against Napoleon, the restoration of the monarchy under Ferdinand VII, the establishment of the First Spanish Republic in 1873, and the dictatorship of Francisco Franco from 1939-1975. It also summarizes cultural and social developments in 20th century Spain, including influential artists like Picasso, Dali, and Gaudi as well as changes for women's rights since the end of Franco's regime.
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Event Link:- https://meetups.mulesoft.com/events/details/mulesoft-mysore-presents-mule-event-processing-models/
Agenda
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For Upcoming Meetups Join Mysore Meetup Group - https://meetups.mulesoft.com/mysore/YouTube:- youtube.com/@mulesoftmysore
Mysore WhatsApp group:- https://chat.whatsapp.com/EhqtHtCC75vCAX7gaO842N
Speaker:-
Shivani Yasaswi - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shivaniyasaswi/
Organizers:-
Shubham Chaurasia - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shubhamchaurasia1/
Giridhar Meka - https://www.linkedin.com/in/giridharmeka
Priya Shaw - https://www.linkedin.com/in/priya-shaw
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2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
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- 2. Charles II painted again by Juan Carreño de Miranda.
- 3. Juan Jose of Austria. He was half brother of Charles II. Son of Philip IV and the theatre artist “La Calderona”. Juan Jose of Austria was the only illegitimate son of Philip IV that he recognised. (There were more that were not recognised). He held important positions in the government and he even was in charge of a regency.
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- 6. Marianne of Neoburgo, second wife of Charles II.