1) The Christian Kingdoms advanced south into al-Andalus in the 11th-12th centuries, taking Toledo in 1085 and reaching the rivers Tajo and Ebro. This was halted by the Almoravids and Almohads. 2) After defeating the Almohads at Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212, the Christian Kingdoms continued advancing south, reaching the rivers Guadiana and Guadalquivir in the west and modern-day Murcia in the east. 3) The last remaining kingdom was the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada, occupying parts of Cadiz, Malaga, Granada and Almeria.

1. Unit 5 (2nd Part):
“Advance andConsolidation of the
ChristianKingdoms”
(High Middle Ages)
(11th, 12th and 13th centuries)

2. Extra Information: -Advance, 11th–12th cent.-
This period starts in the 11th century, in 1031,
with the fall of the Caliphate and the
beginning of the Taifa Kingdoms.
The Christian Kingdoms of the North will take
advantage of the division of al-Ándalus and will
advance towards the south.
This advance will be stopped by the
Almoravids and Almohads.
Nevertheless this advance will start again
after the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in
1212.

3. Extra Information: -Consolidation, 13th cent.-
After the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in
1212 the Christian Kingdoms will be
consolidated and will continue conquering
territories from al-Ándalus.
At the end of this period the only remaining
Taifa Kingdom will the the Nasrid Kingdom o f
Granada.

5. Advance of the Christian Kingdoms
1) Explain how much did the Christian Kingdoms
advance in the 11th – 12th centuries.
The Christian Kingdoms will advance till the
Tajo river (Toledo) and till the Ebro river
(Zaragoza, Tortosa).
This advance will be stopped by the invasions
of Almoravids and Almohads.
Extra Information:
Toledo will be conquered in
1085, Zaragoza in 1118 and
Tortosa in 1148.

7. Alfonso VI will conquer Toledo in 1085.

8. Extra Information: Alfonso VI
Alfonso VI (1040-1065-1109) will be one of
the greatest historical characters of this
period.
He will conquer Toledo in 1085.
He will confront his brother Sancho, king of
Castilla, and after the death of Sancho,
Alfonso will unify again Castilla and Leon.
Although he had five wives and two lovers he
couldn’t be succeeded by a male descendant.
Because of that his daughter Doña Urraca
will be the next queen of the Kingdom of
Leon.

9. Extra Information: Alfonso VI
Alfonso is mentioned in “el Cantar del Mío Cid”. He
expelled el Cid Campeador because el Cid forced him to
swear on the Bible that he didn’t participate in the
assassination of his brother Sancho.
The ceremony is called the oath of Santa Gadea.

10. Bermudo III
(Rey de León)
Sancho
(Rey de Castilla)
(Hermano de
Sancha, casada
con Fernando I)
Alfonso VI
(Rey de León)
García
(Rey de Galicia)
Urraca Elvira

12. Consolidation of the Christian Kingdoms
2) Explain how much the Christian Kingdoms
advanced in the 13th century.
After the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212
the Christian Kingdoms will advance towards the
south till the rivers Guadiana and Guadalquivir in
the west and till nowadays Murcia in the east.

14. 3) Explain the origin the Kingdom of Portugal.
Alfonso I, king of
Portugal
Alfonso VI gave to his illegitimate daughter,
Doña Teresa, the county of Portugal.
The son of Doña Teresa, Alfonso Henriques,
will gain independence from the kingdom of
Leon and will proclaim the Kingdom of Portugal.

15. 4) Explain the origin of the Crown of Aragon
The Crown of Aragon was created in 1137
after the dynastic union of the Kingdom of
Aragon and the Catalan Counties with the
historical figures of Doña Petronila and Don
Ramón Berenguer IV.

16. Extra information: the Crown of Aragon
Jaime I (1208-1213-1276) will be one of
the great historical characters of this
period.
He conquered Castellón, Valencia and the
Balearic Islands.

17. 4) Explain the origin of the Crown of Castilla
The kingdoms of Castilla and León will be
unified and separated many times.
However the definitive unification will be in
1230 under the historical figure of Fernando
III, son of Doña Berenguela (queen of Castilla)
and Don Alfonso IX (king of León).

19. 5) Explain the Kingdom of Navarra
The kingdom of Navarra is blocked by the
kingdoms of Castilla and Aragon.
Because of this Navarra was not able to conquer
any territory.
At the beginning of this period Navarra will lose
Vizcaya and Álava.

20. Kingdom of Navarra (1200 approx)

21. 6) Explain the Nasrid kingdom of Granada
The Nasrid Kingdom of Granada is the last
remaining Taifa Kingdom of al-Ándalus.
It occupied part of Cádiz, Málaga, Granada and
Almería.

23. 7) Explain how was the Ressetlement of the
conquered territories.
In order to conquer territories kings
needed help from nobles and military
orders.
In exchange kings will grant great
extensions of land (latifundios) to nobles
and military orders.
8) What is a mudéjar?
A mudéjar is a Muslim that lives under
Christian rule.