Characterization of the targeted areas

1. Characterization of the targeted
areas of the project
Boubaker Thabet
October 2017
Atelier final Projet « Provision de Technologies Validées d’Alimentation pour Améliorer
la Chaîne de Valeur Viande Rouge en Tunisie ».
Hammamet, 17-19 Octobre 2017

2. Presentation outline
Scope of the socioeconomic baseline survey
 General characteristics of farmers
 Farm characteristics
Size
Grazing
 Cropping activities
 Animal production
Livestock composition
 Feeding costs
 Livestock activity farm incomes
 Sheep-keeping and Guarding costs
 Fattening
 Markets
2

3. Presentation outline
Methodology:
 Characterization uses both quantitative and
qualitative data
 Results are presented
 for the whole sample
B farming system,
By Governorate
 The statistical criteria used for the characterization are
Central tendency: sample mean
 Variability: spread Max, Min
 Nature of distribution of the variable: mode
3

4. Zone Average Maximum Minimum Mode
Sample 51 87 20 45
FS-1 51 81 20 60
FS-2 51 87 21 30
Beja 52 87 21 40
Jendouba 50 81 20 61
Kef 52 77 20 63
Kasserine 46 73 20 50
Kairouan 55 81 31 34
Sidi Bouzid 53 76 23 60
Characterization of targeted areas:
Farmers’ ages (yrs)
4

5. Zone Average Maximum Minimum Mode
Sample 29 70 1 30
FS-1 28 70 2 30
FS-2 29 61 1 40
Beja 30 70 2 30
Jendouba 26 64 3 30
Kef 29 60 3 30
Kasserine 25 55 3 40
Kairouan 33 61 5 20
Sidi Bouzid 29 55 1 40
Characterization of targeted zones:
Farming experience (yrs)
5

6. Zone (1) (2) (3) (4) All
Sample 24 50 22 4 100
FS-1 10 24 13 4 51
FS-2 14 27 9 0 49
Beja 4 6 5 1 16
Jendouba 3 7 4 3 17
Kairouan 6 9 1 0 16
Kasserine 3 10 2 0 16
Kef 4 10 3 3 19
Sidi Bouzid
5 8 4 0 17
Characterization of targeted zones:
Farmers’ education (%)
6
(1) No schooling (2) Pre-secondary (3) Secondary (4) University

7. Item Sample FS-1 FS-2
Size 5.6 5.2 5.9
Residence on farm (%)
Average distance for non
farm (Km)
90
0.7
86
1.1
94
0.3
Activeness
Active_Ag
Active_non-Ag
Inactivy
2.5
0.5
2.2
2.4
0.5
1.9
2.6
0.4
2.4
Agriculture as main activity (%) 81.2 81.0 81.3
Farming days /year 64 44 82
Characterization of targeted zones:
Household structure
7

8. tion Affiliation Satisfaction
Sample 51 30
FS-1 52 56
FS-2 49 11
Characterization of targeted zones:
Affiliation to Associations (%)
8

9. Zone Financing sources Total
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Sample 8.9 1.3 2.6 8.3 1.3 22.4
FS-1 5.0 0.6 2.0 4.0 0.0 11.6
FS-2 4.0 0.7 0.6 4.3 1.3 10.9
Beja 2.0 0.3 1.0 0.7 0 4.0
Jendouba 2.0 0.3 1.0 2.0 0 5.3
Kairouan 1.0 0 0.3 0.7 0 2.0
Kasseine 0.7 0 0.3 2.6 0 3.6
Kef 1.0 0 0 1.3 0 2.3
Sidi Bouzid 2.3 0.7 0 1.0 1.3 5.3
Characterization of targeted zones:
Access to credit
9
(1): Banks (2): ENDA (3) Banks+ In-kind (4): In-kind (5): Among farmers

10. Zone Average Maximum Minimum Mode
Sample 21 750 0 10
FS-1 27 750 0 10
FS-2 14 153 1 5
Beja 42 750 0 0
Jendouba 16 630 0 2
Kef 19 108 1 10
Kasserine 18 100 1 10
Kairouan 13 60 2 5
Sidi
Bouzid 12 153 0 5
Characterization of targeted zones:
Farm size (Ha)
10

11. Zone Average Maximum Minimum Mode
Sample 17 750 0 5
FS-1 24.5 750 0 10
FS-2 9.6 118 1 5
Beja 39 750 0 2
Jendouba 14 630 0 4
Kef 13 93 1 5
Kasserine 10 50 1 5
Kairouan 9 37 2 4
Sidi Bouzid 9 118 1 5
Characterization of targeted zones:
Farming area (SAU) (Ha)
11

12. Item Average size
(Ha)
Owner-ship
(%)
Share cropping
(% area)
Average rental
(% Area)
Land 17 98 2 56
Item farmers
(%)
Coverage
(% area)
Access to
irrigation
water
16 8
Characterization of targeted zones:
Access to resources
12

13. Zone Average Maximum Minimum Mode
Sample 15 680 0 5
FS-1 20 680 0 0
FS-2 9.6 108 0 5
Beja 38 680 0 2
Jendouba 7 93 0 0
Kef 13 93 0 4
Kasserine 11 70 0 5
Kairouan 8.8 37 0 0
Sidi Bouzid 8 108 0 5
Characterization of targeted zones:
Rainfed land (Ha)
13

14. Zone Average Maximum Minimum Mode
Sample 3 630 0 0
FS-1 5.3 630 0 0
FS-2 0.4 20 0 0
Beja 2 70 0 0
Jendouba 7 630 0 0
Kef 0 8 0 0
Kasserine 0 3 0 0
Kairoan 0.3 15 0 0
Kairouan 1 20 0 0
Characterization of targeted zones:
Irrigated land (Ha)
14

15. Zone Average Maximum Minimum Mode
Sample 4 400 0 0
FS-1 6.9 400 0 0
FS-2 0.6 53 0 0
Beja 17 400 0 0
Jendouba 0 13 0 0
Kef 2 70 0 0
Kasserine 0 10 0 0
Kairouan 0 0 0 0
Sidi Bouzid 1 53 0 0
Characterization of targeted zones:
Land rental (Ha)
15

16. Zone Average Maximum Minimum Mode
Sample 2 200 0 0
FS-1 1.3 70 0 0
FS-2 2.7 200 0 0
Beja 2 70 0 0
Jendouba 0 5 0 0
Kef 1 15 0 0
Kasserine 6 200 0 0
Kairouan 1 18 0 0
Sidi Bouzid 1 35 0 0
Characterization of targeted zones:
Private grazing (Ha)
16

17. Zone Average Maximum Minimum Mode
Sample 0.4 21 0 0
FS-1 0.5 21.0 0 0
FS-2 0.3 9.5 0 0
Beja 0 10 0 0
Jendouba 0 2 0 0
Kef 1 21 0 0
Kasserine 0 10 0 0
Kairouan 0.4 4 0 0
Sidi Bouzid 0 2 0 0
Characterization of targeted zones:
Improved grazing (Ha)
17

18. Zone Average Maximum Minimum Mode
Sample 64 365 0 0
FS-1 42.5 365 0 0
FS-2 88.6 365 0 0
Beja 46 365 0 0
Jendouba 30 365 0 0
Kef 47 365 0 0
Kasserine 107 365 0 0
Kairouan 101 365 0 0
Sidi Bouzid 64 365 0 0
Characterization of targeted zones:
Grazing duration (Days)
18

19. Source Area Yield H-Cons Income
Cereals
Sample 6.7 61 18.7 2860
FS-1 10.1 9.8 33.1 6020
FS-2 3.4 2.4 4.4 8.3
Barley
Sample 4.6 4.2 10.6 3129
FS-1 7.7 7.7 18.3 6447
FS-2 1.8 1.0 2.6 201
Forages
Sample 4.2 97.6 266 573
FS-1 5.0 120 365 940
FS-2 2.4 56 67.6 267
Characterization of targeted zones:
Crop income breakdown
19

20. Source Area Yield H-Cons Income
Oats 0.6 32.7 26 429
Food legumes 3.1 3.1 40 478
Peas 0.6 32.7 26 429
Beans 0.2 0.2 0.8 107
Tree crops 2.6 5.1 6.5 2018
Olive trees 0.4 1.8 1.6 409.4
Cash crops 3.0 12.4 15.3 10714
Potatoes 2.4 13.6 2.1 2713
Characterization of targeted zones:
Crop income breakdown (Continued)
20

21. Item Forage crops
practice
Grazing
practice
% of sampled farmers 36 5
% of farm area 36 35
Characterization of targeted zones:
Feed resources
21

22. Season Summer Autumn
Item Qty Cost Qty Cost
Concentrates 883 380 1099 487
Alfalfa pellets 334 189 451 279
Feed blocks 0 0 0 0
Barley 769 190 1168 284
Corn 19 10 11 8
Wheat bran 523 168 790 237
Characterization of targeted zones:
Comparative feeding costs/Farm/Season
22

23. Season Winter Spring
Item Qty Cost Qty Cost
Concentrates 844 616 636 256
Alfalfa pellets 390 327 275 174
Feed blocks 44 2 0 0
Barley 1131 310 699 218
Corn 27 15 19 15
Wheat bran 827 249 459 161
Characterization of targeted zones:
Comparative feeding costs/Farm/Season
23

24. Source Sample FS-1 FS-2
Crops 22.5 23.3 21.7
Livestock 66.1 64.3 68.0
Other 11.3 12.4 10.1
Characterization of targeted zones:
Average farm income breakdown (%)
24

25. Budget items Cattle Sheep Goats Other
Costs/year
Labor 295 398 21 -
Feed 2868 3799 370 73
Health 276 233 24 1
Transport 81 96 11 2
Total 3520 4526 426 76
Receipts/year
Heads sold 2 18 4 -
Receipts 9126* 6383 563 320
Gross margin 5606* 1857 137 244
Characterization of targeted zones:
Livestock budget breakdown/Sample
25* Receipts from the sales of animals+ milk

26. Budget items Cattle Sheep Goats Other
Costs/year
Labor 587 735 32 -
Feed 4914 3801 309 124
Health 460 318 28 2
Transport 123 100 11 3
Total 6084 4954 380 129
Receipts/year
Heads sold 2.2 19.5 3.4 1
Receipts 16543* 7351 531 610
Gross margin 10459* 2397 151 482
Characterization of targeted zones:
Livestock income breakdown/FS-1
26
* Receipts from the sales of animals+ milk

27. Budget items Cattle Sheep Goats Other
Costs/year
Labor 0 29 10 -
Feed 614 3872 440 -
Health 56 149 21 -
Transport 31 93 12 -
Total 701 4143 483 -
Receipts/year
Heads sold 0.5 17.7 4.2 -
Receipts 1309* 5592 621
Gross margin 608* 1449 138 -
Characterization of targeted zones:
Livestock income breakdown/FS-2
27
* Receipts from the sales of animals+ milk

28. Budget items Cattle Sheep Goats
Sample
Costs/Head/year 1760 251 107
Receipts/year 4503 355 141
Gross margin 2803 103 34
Farming system 1
Costs/Head/year 2765 254 112
Receipts/year 7520 377 156
Gross margin 4754 123 44
Farming system 2
Costs/Head/year 1402 316 115
Receipts/year 2618 234 148
Gross margin 1216 82 33
Characterization of targeted zones:
Comparative profitability
28

29. Items Sample FS-1 FS-2
Guarding price (Dinars) 85 103 65
Guarding duration (Days) 146 160 138
Grazing rent (Dinars) 628 866 332
Transhumance distance (Km) 1.6 2.6 0.4
Transhumance duration (month
of the year)
5 8 1
Transhumance cost (Dinars) 611 1111 14
Characterization of targeted zones:
Sheep keeping and guarding
29

30. Items Sample FS-1 FS-2
Cattle
Av. duration
Av. weight at sales
Av. Price at sales
Av. Price at sales/Kg
1.9
281
1918
6.8
2.4
344
1863
5.4
1.4
197
21
10.7
Sheep
Av. duration
Av. weight at sales
Av. Price at sales
Av. Price at sales/Kg
2.4
33
346
10.5
2.2
33
343
10.4
2.5
33
349
10.6
Characterization of targeted zones:
Fattening
30

31. Items Sample FS-1 FS-2
Av. Distance to markets 16.5 18.0 15.0
Av. Frequency of market visits 1.9 2.1 1.7
Av. Distance to input markets 12.4 13.6 11.2
Av. Degree of appreciation (1-5)
Feed costs
Feed availability
Farm input costs
Farm inputs availability
Labor costs
Labor availability
Credit guarantees
Credit cost
Credit availability
Infrastructure
4.8
2.0
4.5
2.3
3.2
2.1
3.1
2.8
2.6
3.2
4.6
1.9
4.3
2.0
3.3
2.2
3.1
2.9
2..5
2.9
4.9
2.2
4.7
2.6
3.1
1.9
3.1
2.6
2.6
3.6
Characterization of targeted zones:
Markets
31

32. Conclusions
The main features of the sampled farmers are as follows:
 Based on the data revealed by the survey the farming population
addressed by the project is:
 Middle aged on average, but inclined towards higher ages in FS-1 and
lower ones in FS-2
 With significant farming experience
 But with relatively limited education
 Mostly owners of their resources
 Generally affiliated to Associations (51%), but with a limited degree
of satisfaction (30%)
 Have access to credit by about 22%, of which Banks take 13% and
input providers 11%
 Households are of reasonable size (5.6) broken down evenly
between genders
 Farm sizes are on average 21 Ha, could go up to over 40 in FS-1 and
down to 14 in FS-2

33. Conclusions
 Grazing is practiced only by 5% of the farmers, but take up35%
of the areas
 improved ways are still limited but do exist in a number of
Governorates
 Livestock activities are most contributing to farm incomes (66%)
 But livestock feeding is heavily dependent on concentrates,
pellets, Barley, Wheat bran and feeding blocks particularly in the
winter time
 Forage production is practiced by 36% of the farmers and the
areas
 Cattle returns exceed by far those of sheep on a per farm basis.
The discrepancy declines when the comparison is made on a per
Kilo of liveweight
 Fattening is practiced, mostly for cattle in FS-1 but sheep in FS-2
 Farmers are quite distant from markets , both for outputs and
inputs
 Farmers‘ appreciation is particularly low for input costs but not so
low for the availability of inputs

34. Thank you