This document summarizes information about alcohol, including its history of use, the temperance movement, prohibition, current use patterns, and health effects. It discusses how alcohol was an important part of early colonial life in America and peaked during Jefferson's presidency. The temperance movement sought to curb escalating rates of alcohol abuse in the early 1800s. Prohibition began in 1920 but led to problems before being repealed. Current use varies by demographic factors and binge drinking is common on college campuses. Moderate alcohol can have health benefits but excessive use damages nearly every organ system and is linked to several forms of cancer.
The document discusses the history and effects of alcohol use. It describes how the temperance movement sought to curb alcohol abuse in the early 1800s. The 18th amendment established prohibition in 1920 but was later repealed due to problems with illegal alcohol trade. Moderate drinking is generally safe but binge and heavy drinking can negatively impact the brain, liver, heart and increase cancer risk. The highest rates of alcohol consumption and binge drinking are seen in college students and young adults.
This document summarizes information about alcohol, its effects, and alcoholism. It notes that 75% of high school students have tried alcohol, and effects include impairment of brain and nervous system function in both short and long term use. Long term heavy use can lead to fatty liver, cirrhosis, and other organ damage. Binge drinking is defined and its dangers outlined. Treatment for alcoholism involves counseling and medication as there is no cure, only recovery. Help is available through organizations like Alcoholics Anonymous.
Binge drinking, defined as drinking more than the daily recommended units of alcohol in one session, is common among university students in the UK. It can negatively impact physical health through accidents and injuries, and mental health through increased risks of aggression, violence, and memory loss. While binge drinking is tempting for socializing and lowering inhibitions, it carries serious health and safety risks for students. Managing finances, prioritizing safety, and drinking responsibly can help students avoid the harms of binge drinking during their university experience.
Alcohol is a depressant that is produced through fermentation and distillation. It is consumed for curiosity, socialization, and stress relief initially but can lead to addiction. Alcoholism is characterized by compulsive consumption that harms one's health, relationships, and standing. India has a large alcohol industry and consumption is increasing, especially among youth and women. Chronic alcohol abuse can damage organs and brain function while acute effects include impaired thinking and risk of alcohol poisoning. Treatment focuses on counseling and support groups to help people stop drinking.
Alcoholism is caused by genetic, environmental, biological, and psychological factors. Excessive alcohol use can lead to immediate health risks like injuries and long term risks like neurological and cardiovascular problems. Alcoholism affects people differently based on factors like age, gender, and amount/speed consumed. Alcohol abuse is a pattern of drinking that harms health or relationships, while alcoholism is a chronic disease characterized by craving and continued use despite problems.
The document discusses the harmful effects of alcohol consumption globally and in India. Some key points:
- Around 3.3 million deaths worldwide each year are attributable to alcohol use, accounting for 5.9% of global deaths.
- Alcohol consumption is a causal factor in over 200 diseases and injuries. It contributes to 5.1% of the global disease burden.
- In India, alcohol policies vary by state, with some like Gujarat and Manipur having prohibition while others regulate sales. Alcohol bans have had mixed results in reducing alcoholism.
- Driving under the influence and other alcohol-related accidents are major social and economic problems in many areas. Screening and treatment programs aim to address
Disease Theory suggests that alcoholism and addiction are chronic diseases that cannot be cured. 12-step programs and many rehabilitation centers are also in alignment with Disease Theory. This report discusses how a Disease Theory framework affects the treatment of substance abuse disorders.
The document discusses the history and effects of alcohol use. It describes how the temperance movement sought to curb alcohol abuse in the early 1800s. The 18th amendment established prohibition in 1920 but was later repealed due to problems with illegal alcohol trade. Moderate drinking is generally safe but binge and heavy drinking can negatively impact the brain, liver, heart and increase cancer risk. The highest rates of alcohol consumption and binge drinking are seen in college students and young adults.
This document summarizes information about alcohol, its effects, and alcoholism. It notes that 75% of high school students have tried alcohol, and effects include impairment of brain and nervous system function in both short and long term use. Long term heavy use can lead to fatty liver, cirrhosis, and other organ damage. Binge drinking is defined and its dangers outlined. Treatment for alcoholism involves counseling and medication as there is no cure, only recovery. Help is available through organizations like Alcoholics Anonymous.
Binge drinking, defined as drinking more than the daily recommended units of alcohol in one session, is common among university students in the UK. It can negatively impact physical health through accidents and injuries, and mental health through increased risks of aggression, violence, and memory loss. While binge drinking is tempting for socializing and lowering inhibitions, it carries serious health and safety risks for students. Managing finances, prioritizing safety, and drinking responsibly can help students avoid the harms of binge drinking during their university experience.
Alcohol is a depressant that is produced through fermentation and distillation. It is consumed for curiosity, socialization, and stress relief initially but can lead to addiction. Alcoholism is characterized by compulsive consumption that harms one's health, relationships, and standing. India has a large alcohol industry and consumption is increasing, especially among youth and women. Chronic alcohol abuse can damage organs and brain function while acute effects include impaired thinking and risk of alcohol poisoning. Treatment focuses on counseling and support groups to help people stop drinking.
Alcoholism is caused by genetic, environmental, biological, and psychological factors. Excessive alcohol use can lead to immediate health risks like injuries and long term risks like neurological and cardiovascular problems. Alcoholism affects people differently based on factors like age, gender, and amount/speed consumed. Alcohol abuse is a pattern of drinking that harms health or relationships, while alcoholism is a chronic disease characterized by craving and continued use despite problems.
The document discusses the harmful effects of alcohol consumption globally and in India. Some key points:
- Around 3.3 million deaths worldwide each year are attributable to alcohol use, accounting for 5.9% of global deaths.
- Alcohol consumption is a causal factor in over 200 diseases and injuries. It contributes to 5.1% of the global disease burden.
- In India, alcohol policies vary by state, with some like Gujarat and Manipur having prohibition while others regulate sales. Alcohol bans have had mixed results in reducing alcoholism.
- Driving under the influence and other alcohol-related accidents are major social and economic problems in many areas. Screening and treatment programs aim to address
Disease Theory suggests that alcoholism and addiction are chronic diseases that cannot be cured. 12-step programs and many rehabilitation centers are also in alignment with Disease Theory. This report discusses how a Disease Theory framework affects the treatment of substance abuse disorders.
This document discusses alcoholism, including its definition, types, history, symptoms, causes, effects on the human body, and how to determine if someone may be alcoholic. Alcoholism is defined as a chronic disease characterized by control problems with alcohol use and continued drinking despite negative consequences. There are several subtypes of alcoholism described in the document. The causes are complex but include genetic and environmental factors. Symptoms include craving, loss of control, tolerance, and withdrawal. Effects on the body can impact the brain, psychological health, and increase risk of diseases. The social impacts of alcoholism are also outlined.
This document discusses alcoholism and its effects, as well as counseling treatment options. It defines alcoholism as the repeated use of and dependence on alcoholic substances. It describes different types of drinking and lists both short-term and long-term effects of alcohol on the body and mind, such as blackouts, liver disease, dementia, and suicide. The counseling treatment section notes that treatment may include a clinical assessment, discussion of treatment options like moderated drinking plans or abstinence, addressing the functions of drinking, and making lifestyle changes, with possible referrals for detoxification or medical support.
The document provides an overview of common drugs of abuse, including alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, prescription drugs, and others. It discusses the use, health effects, and legal consequences of each drug. The goal is to educate about the dangers of substance abuse and prevention through increasing awareness and understanding of these issues.
Alcohol abuse has a long history dating back to ancient civilizations. It is formed through fermentation and acts as a central nervous system depressant. Chronic heavy drinking can lead to alcohol use disorder and alcohol dependence. Withdrawal from heavy long-term use can cause serious complications like delirium tremens and seizures. Alcohol abuse is associated with social problems like accidents, violence, and financial issues. It can also damage multiple organ systems and lead to medical conditions like liver disease and neurological impairments.
The document discusses alcohol use disorders and management. Some key points:
- Alcohol use results in 2.5 million deaths annually worldwide, especially among youth.
- India's alcohol consumption is increasing, especially in certain states, and the average age of initiation is declining.
- Alcohol dependence is diagnosed based on criteria including withdrawal symptoms and tolerance.
- Withdrawal can cause tremors, seizures, delirium tremens and is managed with benzodiazepines.
- Long-term effects include liver disease, brain damage and increased risk of certain cancers.
This document discusses alcoholism, including what alcohol is, minimum legal ages for purchasing alcohol around the world, reasons why people drink, definitions and symptoms of alcoholism, effects of alcoholism, and measures to address alcoholism. It notes that alcoholism refers to continued alcohol consumption despite health problems and negative consequences. Short term effects include blurred vision and long term effects involve damage to the cardiovascular, bone, brain, and liver systems. Prevention is emphasized as better than cure for addressing alcoholism.
1) Alcohol affects nearly every system in the body and alters neurochemical processes in the brain. Low doses may provide some health benefits but more than 3 drinks per day increases cancer and disease risk and decreases lifespan by about 10 years.
2) Worldwide, alcohol causes over 2 million deaths annually, accounting for 3.7% of deaths globally. In India, 20-30% of adult males and 5% of females consume alcohol.
3) Alcohol is absorbed quickly from the stomach and small intestine. Repeated use can lead to tolerance through increased metabolism and neurochemical changes in the brain. Blood alcohol concentration determines the level of impairment.
The document discusses a harm reduction approach to alcohol use. It aims to reduce negative consequences of drinking rather than ignore or condemn alcohol. It covers alcohol and liability, providing basics on blood alcohol content and standard drinks. It also discusses interventions like dispelling myths, responding to scenarios, and delay tactics to prevent intoxication and risky drinking. The overall message is that a harm reduction approach works to educate people and minimize risks rather than judge them.
This document provides an overview of alcohol and its effects. It defines alcohol and alcoholism, and discusses the causes and development of alcoholism. It describes the physical, psychiatric, and social complications of alcoholism in both the short and long term. It outlines the general, medical, pharmacological, and nursing management of alcoholism, as well as important goals and prevention strategies. Health promotion approaches are also discussed. The document is submitted for a nursing program and contains 22 referenced pages on the topic.
1. Alcohol misuse and dependence can lead to social, psychological, and physical problems. Genetic and social factors influence risk of dependence.
2. Diagnosis is based on history of alcohol intake and effects on a person's life. Withdrawal commonly occurs in heavy drinkers admitted to hospital.
3. Complications include social problems, depression, anxiety, withdrawal symptoms, alcoholic dementia, and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Management involves advice to reduce intake, psychological support, preventing withdrawal, and drugs like disulfiram and acamprosate. Prognosis is improved with treatment but relapse is common.
Alcohol a social problem by dr. rajan bikram rayamajhi for medical studentswrigveda
This document discusses alcohol and smoking as social problems. It notes that alcohol abuse is associated with negative health, social, and economic consequences. Alcohol abuse is influenced by easy accessibility, perceptions of social norms, and cultural factors. Binge drinking and chronic drinking are defined. Smoking rates are also provided for Nepal. Smoking is linked to increased health risks and addiction. Both alcohol abuse and smoking are influenced by familial and social connections. They also result in significant societal and economic costs. Prevention strategies discussed include increased taxation, advertising regulation, brief interventions, and education.
The document discusses various topics related to alcohol and drug abuse including:
- Alcohol is the most widely used drug globally and there are an estimated 10-15 million alcoholics or problem drinkers in the US.
- Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to health issues while moderate amounts may benefit heart health. Alcohol and drug abuse by adolescents is a serious public health problem.
- Common illicit drugs are discussed like marijuana, LSD, ecstasy and their effects. Signs of drug abuse and how organizations can implement drug-free workplace programs to reduce substance abuse impacts are also covered.
Smoking and alcohol abuse can seriously damage health in several ways. Smoking causes cancer and heart disease, while long-term alcohol abuse can lead to addiction, cirrhosis of the liver, and cancer. Both smoking and excessive drinking are also harmful to non-users through secondhand smoke and alcohol-related accidents and crime. While moderate alcohol consumption may be safe for adults, young people should avoid drinking alcohol due to greater health risks. Illegal and abused drugs can also seriously harm health through addiction, overdose, disease, and other effects. Help is available for those struggling with addiction.
Alcohol abuse refers to excessive drinking or drinking by certain groups like children or pregnant women. Signs of alcohol abuse include nausea, sweating, headaches and tremors. Long-term effects involve damage to the brain, liver and pancreas including cirrhosis. Treatment involves detoxification, counseling and medications. Heavy drinking can lead to hepatitis, which causes liver inflammation and may progress to fibrosis or cirrhosis. Cirrhosis occurs when scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue, preventing proper function. It is treated by lifestyle changes and medication, and advanced cases may require liver transplant.
Alcoholism is an addiction to alcohol or the mental illness resulting from alcohol dependency. It is the third highest cause of death in the U.S. due to its link to alcohol-related deaths. Some signs of alcohol abuse include continuing to drink despite health issues, injuries while drinking, and withdrawal symptoms like anxiety when stopping. Resources for support include counseling services and Alano clubs. Important messages for children of alcoholics are that the addiction is an illness, the child is not at fault and cannot fix it, and there are people who can help.
This document discusses alcoholism including definitions, signs and symptoms, causes, complications, prevention, and treatment. It provides glossaries of Russian and English terms related to alcoholism. Statistics are presented on alcoholism rates in Russia, the UK, and US. According to the WHO, Russia has over 7 million alcoholics and high annual alcohol consumption. Some Russian doctors believe alcohol causes 50% of deaths between ages 15-54. Around 15% of Americans are problem drinkers.
Alcoholism is defined as a chronic illness marked by dependence on alcohol consumption that interferes with physical or mental health, and social, family or job responsibilities. It can lead to liver, circulatory and neurological problems. Alcoholism is caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, biological, and psychological factors and can result in immediate health risks like injuries, violence and risky sexual behaviors as well as long term risks like cancer, liver disease and cardiovascular and neurological problems. It also commonly causes social problems like losing friends and jobs, and domestic violence as well as financial problems from neglecting bills and medical costs.
This document discusses alcoholism and the effects of alcohol consumption. It defines alcoholism as an illness characterized by compulsive and uncontrolled alcohol use. It describes how alcohol is a depressant that initially causes a "buzz" but eventually leads to intoxication as it slows the central nervous system. The document outlines several reasons why people may start drinking, including peer pressure and trying to escape problems. It then explains alcohol's effects on the brain, heart, liver, stomach, behavior and risk of accidents. Finally, it provides tips for saying "no" to alcohol such as volunteering, developing resistance skills, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
Alcohol is made through fermentation and contains ethanol, which is addictive and can impact brain development. It acts as a depressant on the central nervous system, slowing reaction time and impairing judgment. Underage drinking is common among teens and poses many health risks like death, addiction, poor brain development, and poor academic performance. Drinking can also lead to risky behaviors like unprotected sex, violence, and legal consequences. Fetal alcohol syndrome occurs when a mother drinks during pregnancy and can cause developmental and physical problems for the baby. The amount of alcohol in one's blood is called BAC, and driving over 0.08% BAC is illegal. Peer pressure, family habits, and perceived benefits of drinking are some
1. The document discusses the prevalence and properties of alcohol use in India. It notes that according to national surveys, the prevalence of alcohol use in the general population over 15 years is 21.4% and among treatment seekers is 43.9%.
2. Details are provided on the metabolism and absorption of alcohol in the body. The various preparations of alcohol are outlined along with standard drink measurements.
3. Both acute and chronic complications of alcohol use are summarized, including effects on the liver, gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular system, nervous system and development of nutritional deficiencies and cancers. Psychiatric complications like dependence, withdrawal syndrome, and persistent amnesia are also covered.
The document discusses how drugs interact with the human body. It describes how drugs are administered, absorbed, distributed, metabolized and excreted through the process of pharmacology. It then explains how drugs act on various systems in the body like the nervous system, which consists of the central nervous system (CNS), autonomic nervous system (ANS), and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is made up of the brain and spinal cord. Drugs can affect neurotransmitters like dopamine, serotonin and GABA in the brain. Different parts of the brain are also discussed like the hypothalamus, limbic system, and basal ganglia. The document concludes by explaining how drugs interact with major body systems such
Drug use and regulation have occurred since colonial times, with early focus on alcohol and opium. Over time, laws targeted specific drugs like cocaine and marijuana, and established agencies like the FDA and DEA. Debate continues over whether drug laws deter use and whether alternative approaches could better balance public health and civil liberties. Enforcement efforts face challenges in stemming the flow of illegal drugs.
This document discusses alcoholism, including its definition, types, history, symptoms, causes, effects on the human body, and how to determine if someone may be alcoholic. Alcoholism is defined as a chronic disease characterized by control problems with alcohol use and continued drinking despite negative consequences. There are several subtypes of alcoholism described in the document. The causes are complex but include genetic and environmental factors. Symptoms include craving, loss of control, tolerance, and withdrawal. Effects on the body can impact the brain, psychological health, and increase risk of diseases. The social impacts of alcoholism are also outlined.
This document discusses alcoholism and its effects, as well as counseling treatment options. It defines alcoholism as the repeated use of and dependence on alcoholic substances. It describes different types of drinking and lists both short-term and long-term effects of alcohol on the body and mind, such as blackouts, liver disease, dementia, and suicide. The counseling treatment section notes that treatment may include a clinical assessment, discussion of treatment options like moderated drinking plans or abstinence, addressing the functions of drinking, and making lifestyle changes, with possible referrals for detoxification or medical support.
The document provides an overview of common drugs of abuse, including alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, prescription drugs, and others. It discusses the use, health effects, and legal consequences of each drug. The goal is to educate about the dangers of substance abuse and prevention through increasing awareness and understanding of these issues.
Alcohol abuse has a long history dating back to ancient civilizations. It is formed through fermentation and acts as a central nervous system depressant. Chronic heavy drinking can lead to alcohol use disorder and alcohol dependence. Withdrawal from heavy long-term use can cause serious complications like delirium tremens and seizures. Alcohol abuse is associated with social problems like accidents, violence, and financial issues. It can also damage multiple organ systems and lead to medical conditions like liver disease and neurological impairments.
The document discusses alcohol use disorders and management. Some key points:
- Alcohol use results in 2.5 million deaths annually worldwide, especially among youth.
- India's alcohol consumption is increasing, especially in certain states, and the average age of initiation is declining.
- Alcohol dependence is diagnosed based on criteria including withdrawal symptoms and tolerance.
- Withdrawal can cause tremors, seizures, delirium tremens and is managed with benzodiazepines.
- Long-term effects include liver disease, brain damage and increased risk of certain cancers.
This document discusses alcoholism, including what alcohol is, minimum legal ages for purchasing alcohol around the world, reasons why people drink, definitions and symptoms of alcoholism, effects of alcoholism, and measures to address alcoholism. It notes that alcoholism refers to continued alcohol consumption despite health problems and negative consequences. Short term effects include blurred vision and long term effects involve damage to the cardiovascular, bone, brain, and liver systems. Prevention is emphasized as better than cure for addressing alcoholism.
1) Alcohol affects nearly every system in the body and alters neurochemical processes in the brain. Low doses may provide some health benefits but more than 3 drinks per day increases cancer and disease risk and decreases lifespan by about 10 years.
2) Worldwide, alcohol causes over 2 million deaths annually, accounting for 3.7% of deaths globally. In India, 20-30% of adult males and 5% of females consume alcohol.
3) Alcohol is absorbed quickly from the stomach and small intestine. Repeated use can lead to tolerance through increased metabolism and neurochemical changes in the brain. Blood alcohol concentration determines the level of impairment.
The document discusses a harm reduction approach to alcohol use. It aims to reduce negative consequences of drinking rather than ignore or condemn alcohol. It covers alcohol and liability, providing basics on blood alcohol content and standard drinks. It also discusses interventions like dispelling myths, responding to scenarios, and delay tactics to prevent intoxication and risky drinking. The overall message is that a harm reduction approach works to educate people and minimize risks rather than judge them.
This document provides an overview of alcohol and its effects. It defines alcohol and alcoholism, and discusses the causes and development of alcoholism. It describes the physical, psychiatric, and social complications of alcoholism in both the short and long term. It outlines the general, medical, pharmacological, and nursing management of alcoholism, as well as important goals and prevention strategies. Health promotion approaches are also discussed. The document is submitted for a nursing program and contains 22 referenced pages on the topic.
1. Alcohol misuse and dependence can lead to social, psychological, and physical problems. Genetic and social factors influence risk of dependence.
2. Diagnosis is based on history of alcohol intake and effects on a person's life. Withdrawal commonly occurs in heavy drinkers admitted to hospital.
3. Complications include social problems, depression, anxiety, withdrawal symptoms, alcoholic dementia, and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Management involves advice to reduce intake, psychological support, preventing withdrawal, and drugs like disulfiram and acamprosate. Prognosis is improved with treatment but relapse is common.
Alcohol a social problem by dr. rajan bikram rayamajhi for medical studentswrigveda
This document discusses alcohol and smoking as social problems. It notes that alcohol abuse is associated with negative health, social, and economic consequences. Alcohol abuse is influenced by easy accessibility, perceptions of social norms, and cultural factors. Binge drinking and chronic drinking are defined. Smoking rates are also provided for Nepal. Smoking is linked to increased health risks and addiction. Both alcohol abuse and smoking are influenced by familial and social connections. They also result in significant societal and economic costs. Prevention strategies discussed include increased taxation, advertising regulation, brief interventions, and education.
The document discusses various topics related to alcohol and drug abuse including:
- Alcohol is the most widely used drug globally and there are an estimated 10-15 million alcoholics or problem drinkers in the US.
- Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to health issues while moderate amounts may benefit heart health. Alcohol and drug abuse by adolescents is a serious public health problem.
- Common illicit drugs are discussed like marijuana, LSD, ecstasy and their effects. Signs of drug abuse and how organizations can implement drug-free workplace programs to reduce substance abuse impacts are also covered.
Smoking and alcohol abuse can seriously damage health in several ways. Smoking causes cancer and heart disease, while long-term alcohol abuse can lead to addiction, cirrhosis of the liver, and cancer. Both smoking and excessive drinking are also harmful to non-users through secondhand smoke and alcohol-related accidents and crime. While moderate alcohol consumption may be safe for adults, young people should avoid drinking alcohol due to greater health risks. Illegal and abused drugs can also seriously harm health through addiction, overdose, disease, and other effects. Help is available for those struggling with addiction.
Alcohol abuse refers to excessive drinking or drinking by certain groups like children or pregnant women. Signs of alcohol abuse include nausea, sweating, headaches and tremors. Long-term effects involve damage to the brain, liver and pancreas including cirrhosis. Treatment involves detoxification, counseling and medications. Heavy drinking can lead to hepatitis, which causes liver inflammation and may progress to fibrosis or cirrhosis. Cirrhosis occurs when scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue, preventing proper function. It is treated by lifestyle changes and medication, and advanced cases may require liver transplant.
Alcoholism is an addiction to alcohol or the mental illness resulting from alcohol dependency. It is the third highest cause of death in the U.S. due to its link to alcohol-related deaths. Some signs of alcohol abuse include continuing to drink despite health issues, injuries while drinking, and withdrawal symptoms like anxiety when stopping. Resources for support include counseling services and Alano clubs. Important messages for children of alcoholics are that the addiction is an illness, the child is not at fault and cannot fix it, and there are people who can help.
This document discusses alcoholism including definitions, signs and symptoms, causes, complications, prevention, and treatment. It provides glossaries of Russian and English terms related to alcoholism. Statistics are presented on alcoholism rates in Russia, the UK, and US. According to the WHO, Russia has over 7 million alcoholics and high annual alcohol consumption. Some Russian doctors believe alcohol causes 50% of deaths between ages 15-54. Around 15% of Americans are problem drinkers.
Alcoholism is defined as a chronic illness marked by dependence on alcohol consumption that interferes with physical or mental health, and social, family or job responsibilities. It can lead to liver, circulatory and neurological problems. Alcoholism is caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, biological, and psychological factors and can result in immediate health risks like injuries, violence and risky sexual behaviors as well as long term risks like cancer, liver disease and cardiovascular and neurological problems. It also commonly causes social problems like losing friends and jobs, and domestic violence as well as financial problems from neglecting bills and medical costs.
This document discusses alcoholism and the effects of alcohol consumption. It defines alcoholism as an illness characterized by compulsive and uncontrolled alcohol use. It describes how alcohol is a depressant that initially causes a "buzz" but eventually leads to intoxication as it slows the central nervous system. The document outlines several reasons why people may start drinking, including peer pressure and trying to escape problems. It then explains alcohol's effects on the brain, heart, liver, stomach, behavior and risk of accidents. Finally, it provides tips for saying "no" to alcohol such as volunteering, developing resistance skills, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
Alcohol is made through fermentation and contains ethanol, which is addictive and can impact brain development. It acts as a depressant on the central nervous system, slowing reaction time and impairing judgment. Underage drinking is common among teens and poses many health risks like death, addiction, poor brain development, and poor academic performance. Drinking can also lead to risky behaviors like unprotected sex, violence, and legal consequences. Fetal alcohol syndrome occurs when a mother drinks during pregnancy and can cause developmental and physical problems for the baby. The amount of alcohol in one's blood is called BAC, and driving over 0.08% BAC is illegal. Peer pressure, family habits, and perceived benefits of drinking are some
1. The document discusses the prevalence and properties of alcohol use in India. It notes that according to national surveys, the prevalence of alcohol use in the general population over 15 years is 21.4% and among treatment seekers is 43.9%.
2. Details are provided on the metabolism and absorption of alcohol in the body. The various preparations of alcohol are outlined along with standard drink measurements.
3. Both acute and chronic complications of alcohol use are summarized, including effects on the liver, gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular system, nervous system and development of nutritional deficiencies and cancers. Psychiatric complications like dependence, withdrawal syndrome, and persistent amnesia are also covered.
The document discusses how drugs interact with the human body. It describes how drugs are administered, absorbed, distributed, metabolized and excreted through the process of pharmacology. It then explains how drugs act on various systems in the body like the nervous system, which consists of the central nervous system (CNS), autonomic nervous system (ANS), and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is made up of the brain and spinal cord. Drugs can affect neurotransmitters like dopamine, serotonin and GABA in the brain. Different parts of the brain are also discussed like the hypothalamus, limbic system, and basal ganglia. The document concludes by explaining how drugs interact with major body systems such
Drug use and regulation have occurred since colonial times, with early focus on alcohol and opium. Over time, laws targeted specific drugs like cocaine and marijuana, and established agencies like the FDA and DEA. Debate continues over whether drug laws deter use and whether alternative approaches could better balance public health and civil liberties. Enforcement efforts face challenges in stemming the flow of illegal drugs.
This document provides an overview of the history and use of narcotics such as opium, morphine, and heroin. It discusses how opium was used medically and recreationally over centuries and led to increased addiction rates. The rise of heroin in the late 19th century and efforts to regulate narcotics through laws and policies are described. The physical, psychological, and social effects of narcotic use and addiction are summarized. Methods of treatment for narcotic addiction including withdrawal, drug therapies, and support groups are also outlined.
This document discusses the history of drug regulation in the United States from the 18th century to present day. Early attempts focused on alcohol and opium, establishing taxes and restrictions. The 20th century saw the passage of laws regulating proprietary drugs, narcotics, and the creation of the FDA. Modern drug laws classify substances by schedule and aim to balance public health and criminal enforcement, though debates continue around decriminalization and legalization.
I apologize, I do not actually have any information about a group you may be working with. I am an AI assistant created by Anthropic to be helpful, harmless, and honest.
This document discusses the pharmacology and physiology of drugs. It covers topics such as how drugs are administered, absorbed, distributed, metabolized and excreted in the body. It also discusses how drugs act on different parts of the nervous system, including the brain and neurotransmitters. Specific neurotransmitters like dopamine, serotonin and GABA are explained in terms of their functions and how they relate to drug actions and effects. The document also covers concepts like drug classifications, dose-response relationships, routes of administration, distribution and tolerance.
This document discusses various motivations for drug use, including experimentation among youth, seeking pleasure or relief from boredom, peer influence, spiritual purposes, and rebelliousness. It also examines theories of drug addiction including personality, reinforcement, biological, genetic, social, and media influences. Finally, it covers performance-enhancing drugs used by athletes like anabolic steroids, human growth hormones, and stimulants and the risks associated with their use.
The document discusses considerations for creating effective lesson plans for music and movement classes. It emphasizes the importance of planning while also allowing flexibility. Key aspects of lesson planning mentioned include having clear objectives, selecting primary and secondary themes and activities, and considering materials, observations, developmental progressions, and using a variety of movement themes or a single unit theme. Effective planning is presented as essential for successful teaching.
This document provides an overview of the history, characteristics, cultivation, use, effects, and legal status of marijuana. It discusses that marijuana is one of the world's oldest known drugs, used medically in the late 1800s. Key points covered include the plant's various species and forms; factors influencing THC levels and effects; methods of administration and absorption; tolerance, dependence and withdrawal; psychological and physical effects; medical applications for conditions like glaucoma and nausea; debates around decriminalization, legalization, and medical marijuana laws; and impacts on crime and public health.
The document discusses societal views on disabilities and inclusion over time. It focuses on the Americans with Disabilities Act and how it prohibits discrimination. It also discusses labeling people, describing human differences, and the roles of professionals in supporting those with disabilities. Finally, it outlines services and supports needed to ensure a bright future for people with disabilities.
There are three stages of technology application in schools: using technology to do existing tasks, improving on existing tasks, and enabling new tasks not previously possible. Schools face pressure to integrate technology from various stakeholders. Technologies can be used as productivity tools to accomplish tasks more efficiently or as cognitive tools to enhance thinking. Technologies affect student learning in different subject areas such as providing simulations in science, tutorials and graphing in math, and communication tools in foreign language. Technologies also benefit students with special needs and allow distance learning. As technologies are integrated, teachers take on more of a facilitator role and emphasize formative assessment to confirm student understanding of concepts and tools. Key issues for schools regarding technology include infrastructure, budgets, professional development, equity, and
The chapter discusses psychosocial development in infants' first two years. It covers emotional development from smiling and laughing in early infancy to developing self-awareness around 15 months. Parents' responsiveness and synchrony with infants aids development. Attachment forms through caregiver interactions, measured by reactions in the Strange Situation. Theories explain development, like Freud's oral/anal stages or Erikson's trust/autonomy. Temperament influences development, though parenting can alter its effects. Fathers provide social interaction benefits similar to mothers. Day care impacts depend on quality and mother-child relationship.
The document summarizes key physical, cognitive, and language development milestones that occur in infants during the first two years of life. It discusses rapid brain and body growth, the emergence of motor skills and senses, cognitive developments described by Piaget and information processing theory, early memory capabilities, and language acquisition milestones like babbling, first words, and grammar. The development of infants depends on adequate nutrition, safety practices, and social interaction with caregivers.
The document summarizes key points from chapters 11-14 of a textbook about children at risk.
Chapter 11 discusses Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), including common symptoms and treatment options like medication and behavioral therapy. Teachers are advised to help identify ADHD, advocate for these students, and create supportive classroom environments.
Chapter 12 covers the effects of poverty, such as poor health and limited access to services. Teachers are encouraged to provide experiences, learning materials, after-school programs, and treat students and families with respect.
Chapter 13 summarizes homelessness issues like poor health and anxiety. Teachers should confront stereotypes, discuss various living situations sensitively, and help all students understand homelessness.
The document discusses various physical disabilities, health disorders, and traumatic brain injuries, including cerebral palsy, spina bifida, spinal cord injuries, muscular dystrophy, HIV/AIDS, asthma, seizures, diabetes, cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, and traumatic brain injury. It describes the characteristics and impacts of each condition as well as appropriate educational supports and services for students with these disabilities.
This document provides information about narcotics and their history of use. It defines terms like narcotic, opiate, and opioid. It discusses the origins of opium and the development of drugs like morphine, heroin, and synthetic opiates. The document covers topics like the brain effects of opiates, physical and social impacts of dependency, withdrawal symptoms, treatment options, and perceptions of narcotics over time.
This document outlines the key points of a chapter on education for all students. It discusses the historical lack of educational services for students with disabilities, important court cases establishing their right to education, and the passage of laws like the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and No Child Left Behind Act mandating access to education. The chapter focuses on special education eligibility, individualized planning and services, inclusion and teacher qualifications.
02Nov15 - Drink Wise Age Well programme launchILC- UK
On the 2nd November 2015, ILC-UK held a panel discussion to launch the Drink Wise, Age Well programme.
The event brought together important stakeholders to discuss the growing problem of alcohol misuse in the over 50s population of the UK. Supported by the Big Lottery Fund, Drink Wise, Age Well brings together 6 strategic partners; Addaction, the Royal Voluntary Service, International Longevity Centre UK, Drugs and Alcohol Charities Wales, Addiction Northern Ireland and the University of Bedfordshire.
With at least 20% of over 50s in the UK exceeding recommended alcohol units, and alcohol related harms significantly increasing in this age group, Drink Wise, Age Well will aim to create a healthier relationship with alcohol for the overs 50s population through a preventative approach.
As part of our programme evaluation we have recently carried out a survey of drinking behaviour in people aged 50 and over which more than 17,000 people completed.
Joining our panel to discuss this important and growing issue were:
- Simon Antrobus, CEO, Addaction (Chair)
- Don Lavoie, Alcohol Programme Manager, Alcohol Team, Public Health England
- Dr Sarah Wadd, Director, Substance misuse and Ageing Research Team at the Tilda Goldberg Centre, University of Bedfordshire
- Professor José Iparraguirre, Chief Economist, Age UK
- Dr Kieran Moriarty, Consultant Physician and Gastroenterologist, Bolton NHS FT
This document discusses alcohol use and alcoholism in India. Some key points:
- 13% of Indians aged 15-55 are habitual alcohol users, and 17.4% of total users are dependent on alcohol. Alcohol related deaths account for 3.2% and accidents 24%.
- Common types of alcohol in India include whisky, brandy, rum, vodka, gin, beers, wine, arrack, toddy and illicit drinks.
- Reasons for alcohol consumption include biological, psychological and social factors like genetics, stress, peer pressure and culture of drinking.
- Heavy drinking can cause physical, sexual and emotional harm to others. Dependence develops within 6-10 years of continuous use
The document defines key terms related to substance use such as abuse, misuse, dependence, tolerance, intoxication, withdrawal, and co-dependence. It also summarizes the types of alcoholism including alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon alcoholism. The effects of alcohol include impacts on neurochemistry through dopamine, GABA, NMDA receptors. Alcohol is absorbed in the stomach and small intestine and metabolized in the liver through oxidation.
The document discusses the history and use of various legal and illegal substances in Czechia and Afghanistan. It describes the health effects of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, and kratom. It notes that Afghanistan produces 90% of the world's heroin and the drug trade has funded radical groups. Opium production in Afghanistan was originally for British colonies and caused famines when banned in China. Cocaine was originally an ingredient in Coca-Cola until 1903. The document raises questions about drug testing welfare recipients and addiction to video games.
Alcoholism is defined as an addiction to alcoholic beverages or the mental illness resulting from alcohol dependency. Statistics show that over 100,000 people die each year from alcohol-related causes, with three in four alcohol poisoning deaths involving people ages 35 to 64. Signs of alcohol abuse include health problems caused or worsened by drinking, injuries while drinking, and an inability to control drinking amounts. Resources for help include counseling services and support groups.
The document discusses several key points about alcohol abuse and addiction, including that people can become addicted to alcohol over time as their body gets used to the chemical effects. It notes alcohol abuse is common among teens and can lead to serious short and long-term problems. Additionally, it provides facts that alcohol abuse means dangerous drinking habits and that drinkers may lose control over how much they drink or are unable to quit.
This document discusses responsible alcohol service and the effects of alcohol consumption. It notes that servers have a role in preventing excessive drinking and the harms that can result. Moderate alcohol consumption can provide benefits for health, but larger doses become toxic. While moderate drinking may help reduce heart disease risks, the benefits are small and offset by greater risks of too much drinking like cancer, liver disease, and violent death. The document outlines how alcohol affects the brain and body at different levels of intoxication. It also discusses specific health effects for women and risks of mixing alcohol and drugs.
This document discusses the effects of alcohol on health. It notes that 1 in 5 drinkers engage in risky drinking and that adults aged 18-24 are most likely to binge drink. Alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream and affects many body systems. Alcoholism is characterized by increased tolerance and physical dependence. Binge drinking and long term heavy drinking can have serious short and long term health effects. There are no true cures for hangovers, only ways to ease symptoms. Treatment for alcohol dependence ranges from counseling to medical detoxification. Responsible drinking tips include pacing oneself, alternating drinks, and having a plan to get home safely.
This document discusses the health risks and costs associated with meat consumption, milk consumption, alcohol consumption, tobacco use, and addictive drug abuse. It then provides information on the health benefits and cost savings of abstaining from or reducing consumption of these substances. Specifically, it notes that a vegetarian diet lowers the risk of various diseases. It also outlines reductions in alcohol-related deaths, crimes, and traffic accidents that result from alcohol bans. Bans on tobacco use are shown to decrease heart attacks and respiratory illnesses while also saving businesses costs. Abstaining from addictive drugs is associated with reduced crime rates, health care costs, and risk of overdose deaths.
This document provides information about alcohol, its effects, and drinking statistics. It defines alcohol as a central nervous system depressant produced by fermenting sugars and starches. The effects of alcohol include impaired brain function, reduced inhibitions, and potential health risks that depend on how much and how often one drinks. Drinking statistics show that most adults have drank alcohol at some point in their lives, with over half drinking in the past month and about a quarter engaging in binge drinking. The document also addresses risks of alcohol addiction and the dangers of drinking during pregnancy.
This document provides information about alcohol, its effects, and drinking statistics. It defines alcohol as a central nervous system depressant produced by fermenting sugars and starches. The effects of alcohol include impaired brain function, reduced inhibitions, and potential health risks that depend on how much and how often one drinks. Drinking statistics show that most adults have drank alcohol at some point in their lives, with over half drinking in the past month and about a quarter engaging in binge drinking. The document also addresses risks of alcohol addiction and the dangers of drinking during pregnancy.
Alcoholism is a chronic disease characterized by craving alcohol and continued drinking despite negative consequences. It involves both a physical dependence on alcohol and other genetic, psychological, and cultural factors. Symptoms include drinking alone, blackouts, withdrawal symptoms, and inability to control drinking. Effects include physiological harms like injuries, ulcers, and liver disease as well as psychological, social, and economic impacts. There are different subtypes and levels of alcoholism from hazardous drinking to physical dependence. Prevention strategies aim to reduce access and promote education, treatment, and support groups.
This document discusses alcohol, including its pharmacology, effects on the brain and body, alcoholism, and impacts of alcohol use. Key points include:
- Alcohol is metabolized in the liver and its effects include impaired judgment, reasoning, and motor skills. Heavy drinking can damage the liver, brain, and increase risks of certain cancers.
- Alcoholism is considered a disease, characterized by loss of control over drinking and withdrawal symptoms. Genetics and environment contribute to risk.
- Children of alcoholics often experience negative health, social, and emotional impacts like low self-esteem or acting out behaviors. Underage drinking is associated with higher risks of accidents, injuries, and premature death.
This document outlines the key objectives and content covered in a chapter on alcohol and tobacco. The chapter discusses patterns of alcohol consumption among different populations including on college campuses. It examines the health effects of alcohol including disorders and the reasons why people drink. The chapter also compares tobacco use among populations and reviews the immediate and long term health risks of various tobacco products. It discusses strategies for quitting tobacco use and the harmful effects of environmental tobacco smoke.
The document summarizes information about alcohol, including its classification, production, consumption history, effects on health, and development of abuse and dependence. It discusses three classes of alcoholic beverages, how they are produced, historical patterns of use, acute and chronic health effects, and factors involved in the development of alcohol problems.
This document discusses the effects of alcohol consumption on the gastrointestinal tract. It begins by outlining the types and patterns of alcohol use and defining safe and toxic levels of consumption. It then examines the effects of alcohol on gastrointestinal motility, mucosa, acid secretion, and its antibacterial properties. The document also addresses how alcohol consumption relates to gastrointestinal cancers and diseases of the liver and pancreas. It concludes by discussing approaches to screening for and managing alcohol use disorders.
This document discusses the effects of alcohol on the gastrointestinal tract. It begins with an outline of the topics to be covered, including the types and patterns of alcohol consumption, effects on motility, mucosa, acid secretion, bactericidal action, risk of malignancy, and effects on the liver and pancreas. It then provides definitions for terms like alcohol use disorders. The document discusses screening tools for alcohol use disorders, management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome, and medical management of alcohol use disorder in patients with alcoholic liver disease. It concludes with recommendations for diagnostic tests in evaluating and managing alcoholic liver disease.
This document discusses alcohol, including its pharmacology, effects on the brain and body, alcoholism, and impacts of alcohol use. Key points include:
- Alcohol is metabolized in the liver and its effects include impaired judgment, reasoning, and motor skills as it acts on the cerebrum and limbic system.
- Alcoholism is considered by some to be a disease, and is influenced by genetics, environment, and psychosocial factors. Withdrawal can cause severe symptoms.
- Heavy alcohol use is associated with increased risks of accidents, violence, and health issues like liver disease and cancer, while moderate use may provide some heart benefits.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
2. Alcohol is not always recognized as a drug
• Alcohol is a legal drug
• Leads to belief that effects are not negative or severe
• Belief that, if alcohol were bad, the government would limit
its availability
• Parents and other role models consume alcohol as part of
their lifestyle
3. History of Alcohol Use
• Colonial Times:
• Pilgrims anchored at Plymouth because their supply of
beer and spirits was becoming depleted
• Attitudes of early settlers toward alcohol were positive
• Two important factors: sanitation and nutrition
• 1640: Dutch opened the first distillery on Staten Island
• Rum trade was New England’s most profitable business
• Consumption peaked during Jefferson’s presidency
• 1784: Dr. Benjamin Rush described harmful effects
4. Temperance Movement
• Early 1800s: movement to curb the escalating rate of alcohol
use and abuse
• Alcohol was seen as a major cause of crime and violence
• Temperance movement sought to modify alcohol use, not to
eliminate it
• 1808: independent organizations formed temperance groups
• 1826: American Society for the Promotion of Temperance
5. Temperance Movement
• 1830 to 1840, annual per capita use of alcohol declined from
about 7 gallons per adult to about 3 gallons
• Following the Civil War, the temperance movement became
strong again
• Three influential groups in alcohol reform:
• Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
• Anti-Saloon League
• National Prohibition Party
8. Prohibition
• 1880 to 1889: 7 states passed prohibition laws
• 1907 to 1919: 34 states passed similar legislation
• 1920: U.S. Senate adopted the 18th
Amendment (Volstead
Act) which prohibited the manufacturing and sale of alcohol
• Problems:
• Illegal trade of alcohol
• Organized crime
• Enforcement problems
• Toxic adulterants in black market alcohol
• Home brewing was not illegal
9. Current Alcohol Use
• Most people who drink today are social drinkers who are able
to abstain from alcohol at will
• People who cannot abstain and develop medical and social
difficulties are called problem drinkers or alcoholics
• A person can abuse alcohol and not be an alcoholic
10. Current Alcohol Use
• As costs increase, consumption levels decrease
• An increase in taxes on alcohol appears to reduce
consumption, especially among underage drinkers
• A decline in alcohol drinking since the early 1980s has been
reflected largely in less use of distilled spirits such as
whiskey, vodka, gin, and rum
12. Current Alcohol Use
• The highest rate of alcohol consumption is in the West while
the lowest rate of consumption is in the South
• Abstinence is increasing for men and women
• Rates of abstinence and heavy drinking are greater in rural
areas
• The proportion of heavy drinkers in their 20s has increased
slightly, along with problems related to alcohol dependency
13. Alcohol Consumption
• Variables correlated with drinking patterns:
• College students who are fraternity and sorority members
have higher alcohol consumption rates
• Gay men and lesbians are more likely to drink heavily
• Binge drinking is more common in households with an
annual income above $75,000
• Adolescents who are victims of bullying are more likely to
drink as a coping mechanism
• European adolescents living in rural areas binge drink
more than urban adolescents
• People who engage in binge eating are more likely to
engage in binge drinking
14. Women’s Drinking Problems
• Women’s drinking patterns:
• Women who are unemployed, looking for work, or
employed part-time outside the home
• Women who are divorced, separated, or not married but
living with a partner
• Heavy drinking after a health problem such as depression
or reproductive difficulties
15. College Drinking
• Student drinking patterns:
• Australia: almost one-half of students drank to harmful or
hazardous levels
• Germany: 80% of university students drank heavily and
20% displayed problem drinking
• 37% of college students binge drink
• 44% reported being drunk within the past 30 days
16. Binge Drinking
• Binge drinking:
• Consuming five or more drinks (men) or four (women) in a
short period of time
• Typically starts at an early age and increases during
adolescence
• Motivations change as people age
• Influenced by the perception of others’ use of alcohol
18. Drinking and Ethnicity
• Drinking patterns by ethnicity:
• Whites begin drinking at an earlier age than Blacks and
Hispanics, and progress faster to alcohol dependence
• Alcohol-related mortality is greater for Black and Hispanic
men than for White and Asian American men
• Mexican Americans had more alcohol-related problems
than those of Puerto Rican or Cuban origin
• Drinking patterns are affected by acculturation
• Asian students resist social pressure to drink alcohol
better than Caucasians
• Native Americans have the highest rates of alcohol-related
deaths of all ethnicities in the US
19. Alcoholic Beverages
• Ethyl alcohol
• Form of alcohol that people consume
• Methyl alcohol
• Wood alcohol; not fit for human consumption
• Fermentation
• Process of transforming yeasts, carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen of sugar and water into ethyl alcohol and CO2
• Distillation
• Heating process that increases alcohol content
20. Alcoholic Beverages
• Fortified wines
• Produced by adding alcohol to slightly sweetened wines
• Proof
• Amount of alcohol in a beverage expressed as twice the
percentage of the alcohol content
• Alcopops
• Malt, distilled alcohol-containing, or wine-containing
beverages flavored with fruit juices or other ingredients
21. Pharmacology of Alcohol
• Alcohol in the body is transformed by the liver into
acetaldehyde, then further broken down into acetate, then
water and carbon dioxide
• Alcohol leaves the body at a rate of about 3/4 ounce per hour
• One ounce of distilled spirits, a bottle of beer, and a glass of
wine all have about the same amount of alcohol
23. Pharmacology of Alcohol
• Factors that affect rate of absorption:
• Food in the stomach slows absorption
• Wine and beer absorbed slower than distilled spirits
• Carbonation increases absorption
• Strong emotions increase absorption
• Males absorb alcohols slowly and break it down quickly
• Women absorbs alcohol more quickly during the
premenstrual phase
• Women who take birth control pills absorb alcohol more
quickly
24. Blood Alcohol Concentration
• Blood alcohol concentration (BAC):
• Percentage of alcohol in the bloodstream
• Rises when alcohol is consumed at a rate exceeding the
rate at which it is metabolized or leaves the body
• As BAC increases, behavioral and subjective effects
become more pronounced
• Drinking too much alcohol in a short time can be fatal
25. Blood Alcohol Concentration
• The definition of moderate drinking for men is no more than
two alcoholic drinks per day – for women, no more than one
alcoholic drink per day
• There is no standard definition of heavy drinking
• Binge drinking is consumption of five or more drinks at one
sitting for men and four or more drinks for women
28. Effects of Alcohol
• Alcohol accounts for 10% of all deaths in the US
• The life expectancy of an alcoholic is reduced by 15 years
• Effects are determined by frequency and quantity of drinking,
not the type of alcohol consumed
• Affects every organ in the body
30. Alcohol and the Brain
• Five to six drinks daily adversely affects cognitive functioning
• 15% to 30% of nursing home patients are admitted because
of permanent alcohol-induced brain damage
• Alcohol acts on the cerebrum, affecting judgment, reasoning,
inhibitions, motor activity, and impairs the senses
• Alcohol stimulates the release of serotonin and dopamine
31. Alcohol and the Brain
• Prenatal exposure of the fetus to alcohol has long-term
effects (fetal alcohol spectrum disorders)
• Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome develops because alcohol
impedes the body’s ability to utilize thiamine (a B vitamin)
• Alcohol use is associated with neurotic and psychotic
symptoms from depressive reactions to generalized anxiety
disorders and panic attacks
32. Alcohol and the Liver
• The liver is the main site of metabolism of alcohol
• Three main conditions associated with alcohol:
• Fatty liver
• Alcohol hepatitis
• Cirrhosis
• Cirrhosis is irreversible, even if alcohol use stops
33. Alcohol and the Gastrointestinal Tract
• In moderate amounts, alcohol aids digestion by increasing
gastric juice in the stomach
• Too much alcohol can irritate the stomach, leading to internal
bleeding
• Heavy alcohol use is implicated in acute pancreatitis
• Alcoholics often have malnutrition because alcohol interferes
with the body’s ability to utilize nutrients
34. Alcohol and the Cardiovascular System
• Moderate alcohol use reduces risk of heart disease, boosts
good (HDL) cholesterol and helps prevent type 2 diabetes
• Effects of heavy alcohol use:
• Degeneration of the heart muscle
• High blood pressure
• Cardiac arrhythmias
• Ischemic heart disease
• Strokes
35. Alcohol and the Immune System
• Studies show that moderate alcohol use reduces immunity
• Heavy drinkers are prone to infections such as pneumonia
and peritonitis
• Alcohol interferes with white blood cells, particularly T
lymphocytes, which help to resist infections
• Alcohol dependence reduces immunity to diseases such as
HIV
36. Alcohol and Cancer
• Research links alcohol abuse with cancers of the
nasopharynx, esophagus, larynx, and liver
• Risk of colon cancer is 26% higher for people who have more
than two alcoholic drinks per day
• Drinking red wine has been associated with reduced risk of
prostate cancer and kidney cancer
• Cancers of the lower gastrointestinal tract associated with
beer consumption may be attributable to congeners
37. Alcohol and Women
• In the 12-to-17 age group, more females abuse alcohol or are
alcohol dependent than males
• Female alcoholics are more likely to have liver damage,
hypertension, anemia, and malnutrition
• Chronic heavy drinking is linked to menstrual disorders
• Of women in alcohol treatment, 70% reported some form of
childhood sexual abuse
38. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
• Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD):
• Various effects that occur as a result of women who drink
alcohol while pregnant
• Effects can be behavioral, physical, and/or mental
• Leading known cause of mental retardation
• Fetus is especially vulnerable during the first trimester of
pregnancy
• Smaller brain at birth, head and facial anomalies, retarded
growth, central nervous system problems, and
malformations of major organs, eye problems
39. Underage Drinking
• Underage drinking is associated with premature death,
disease, injury, property damage, motor vehicle crashes,
alcohol-related crime and loss of productivity
• High school students who engaged in binge drinking were six
times more likely to drink and drive
• 7.2% of 8th-grade students binge drink
• 16.3% of 9th-grade students binge drink
• 23.2% of 12th-grade students binge drink
• There is a significant relationship between drinking before age
13 and suicide attempts
40. Caffeinated Alcohol
• Caffeinated alcohol adversely affects visual-spatial ability and
cognitive functioning
• Caffeinated alcohol enables an individual to be awake longer
and drink more
• In 2010, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration banned
adding caffeine to alcohol
41. Problem Drinking
• An alcoholic is a problem drinker, but a problem drinker is not
necessarily an alcoholic
• Alcoholics are dependent on alcohol – a problem drinker has
interpersonal, financial, or social problems from drinking
• The problem drinker may drink infrequently, but has problems
when consuming alcohol
• A common symptom of problem drinking is blackouts,
characterized by temporary memory loss
43. Alcoholism
• Alcoholism
• Condition in which an individual loses control over intake
of alcohol
• Alcohol abuse
• Characterized by physical, social, intellectual, emotional,
or financial problems resulting from the use of alcohol
• Alcohol dependence
• Condition in which one’s body requires alcohol or else
withdrawal symptoms will occur; also marked by tolerance
44. Alcoholism
• Some consider alcoholism to be a disease
• Disease can be used as a legal defense
• Receive treatment rather than punishment
• Common elements of alcoholism
• Alcoholics are unable to control their drinking
• Some physical, social, or psychological consequence will
result from their drinking
45. Withdrawal
• Characteristics of alcohol withdrawal:
• Craving for alcohol
• Delirium tremens (DTs)
• Extreme arousal
• Auditory and visual hallucinations
• Physiological symptoms
• Cognitive symptoms
46. Causes of Alcoholism
• Genetics
• 50-60% of alcoholism vulnerability has a genetic basis
• Environmental factors affect the impact of genetics
• Psychosocial factors
• 20% of alcoholics have a mood or anxiety disorder
• Individuals are more likely to drink heavily when in a group
• Expectations about alcohol are predictors of dependence
• Associated with a greater number of sexual partners
• Culture
• Attitudes toward alcohol affect rates of alcohol abuse
47. Alcohol and Society
• Automobile accidents
• Leading cause of death for 15- to 20-year-olds
• 57% of 16- to 20-year-olds drove a vehicle when they
thought that they were over the legal limit
• 2009: 10,000 US deaths from alcohol-related motor
vehicle accidents
• Ignition interlocks reduce drinking and driving
49. Effects of Alcohol on the Driver
• Alcohol-impaired drivers
• Process information more slowly
• Less likely to use their peripheral vision
• Less able to attend to multiple sources of information
• Underestimate hazards when they drive
51. Alcohol and Society
• Accidents and alcohol
• Drinking while driving mopeds
• Emergency room admissions
• Fire-related fatalities
• Occupational accidents
• Alcohol-related boating accidents
• Drowning fatalities
52. Alcohol and Society
• Suicide
• About 7% of alcoholics commit suicide
• 16% of men and 10% of women entering alcohol
treatment have contemplated suicide
• 38% of people who hanged themselves had alcohol in
their system
• 32% of veterans who attempted suicide were diagnosed
with alcohol abuse or disorder
53. Alcohol and Society
• Family violence
• As alcohol use escalates, so does violence
• Domestic partner violence
• Dating violence
• Homicides
• Child abuse
55. Alcohol and Society
• Children of alcoholics
• Often experience sleep difficulties, depression, loneliness,
and stomach problems
• Alienated from parents, have poor communication skills,
less trust, and more emotional longing
• Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
• Adult children of alcoholics (ACOAs)
• Feelings of failure and self-deprecation
• Feel a great need to be in control
56. Support for ACOAs
• The family affected by alcoholism is not a normal family
• Responsibility and blame for an alcoholic family do not rest
with them
• Growing up in an alcoholic household, although painful, can
be a learning experience
• ACOAs have to acquire skills to form healthy relationships
Editor's Notes
This photograph, circa 1905, depicts a typical saloon interior. The absence of tables allowed more floor space to accommodate customers.
A poster printed for the Ohio Dry Convention in 1917 announced the Anti-Saloon League. (left)
A poster printed for the Ohio Dry Convention in 1917. (right)
Figure 6.1 Total Per Capita Ethanol Consumption, United States, 1935–2004
Binge drinking is prevalent on college campuses.
Figure 6.2 Standard Drink Conversion
Figure 6.3 Effects of Alcohol Use on Body Systems Over Time
Alcoholism affects 1 out of every 10 Americans.
The rate of “driving while intoxicated” convictions in the United States has increased since the late 1990s.
There is a strong relationship between heavy alcohol use and spousal abuse, as well as child abuse.