Adverbs by MArk Jay Vidad Pena

1. Presented by :
Mark Jay V. Peña

2. afterward
all day
already
almost
away
back
before
better
best
enough
even
ever
everywhere
far
fast
hard
here
how
in
indoor
just
ater
little
long
low
more
near
nearby
never
next
now
often
on
out
outdoor
quick
quite
rather
seldom
since
slow
so
sometimes
soon
still
then
there
today
tomorrow
too
upstairs
very
well
where
yesterday
yet

3. What is ADVERB ?
Adverbs are words that modify
a verb (He drove slowly. — How did he drive?)
an adjective (He drove a very fast car. — How fast was his car?)
another adverb (She moved quite slowly down the aisle. — How slowly did she
move?)
As we will see, adverbs often tell when, where, why, or under what conditions something
happens or happened. Adverbs frequently end in -ly; however, many words and phrases
not ending in -ly serve an adverbial function and an -ly ending is not a guarantee that a
word is an adverb. The words lovely, lonely, motherly, friendly, neighborly, for instance,
are adjectives:
That lovely woman lives in a friendly neighborhood.

4. Kinds of Adverbs
Adverbs of Manner Adverbs of Place
Adverbs of Frequency
Adverbs of TimeAdverbs of Purpose

5. Formation of Adverbs
Most adverbs are formed by adding -ly to their corresponding
adjectives. Examples are: kindly (kind), slowly (slow), hardly (hard),
sweetly (sweet) etc.
She is very beautiful (adjective).
She is beautifully (adverb) dressed.
He is a strange (adjective) person.
He behaved strangely (adverb).

6. Points to be noted
1. If the adjective ends in -y, replace it with -i and then add -ly.
Adlective Adverb
Happy Happily
Angry Angrily
Lucky Luckily
2. If the adjective ends in -able, -ible, or -le, replace the -e with -y.
Adlective Adverb
probable probably
gentle gently
humble humbly

7. 3. If the adjective ends in -ic, add -ally.
Adlective Adverb
basic basically
economic economically
This rule, however, has an exception. The adverb formed
from public is publicly, and not publically.

8. Adverbs of Manner
Position.
Points To Be Noted
Explanation.

9. Explanation
Adverbs of manner say how something happens or is done.
Examples are: happily, angrily, slowly, carefully, fast etc.
She walked slowly.
John drove carefully.
The soldiers fought bravely.

10. Position
Adverbs of manner normally go in end position
(at the end of a clause).
She sang well.
He talked loudly.
She walked slowly.
He managed it skillfully.
She speaks English well.

11. An adverb of manner modifying an adjective or another adverb
normally goes before it.
She is seriously ill.
I was terribly busy.

12. Adverbs of Place
Adverbs of Place tell us where something happens.
Examples are: upstairs, here, there, nearby, everywhere, in, out etc.
She looked for him everywhere.
Please come in.
They bought a house nearby.
He lives here.
The boss has gone out.
He was seen nowhere.

13. Certain adverbs of place express both movement and location.
Examples are: ahead, abroad, overseas, uphill, downhill, sideways,
indoor, outdoors etc.
My parents live abroad.
They climbed uphill.
She fell backwards.

14. Position
They are normally placed at the end of a clause.
She took him out.
They all went away.
We went ahead.
The children were playing upstairs.
He jumped out.

15. They can also come at the beginning of a clause. This is
common in literary writing.
On the hilltop an old castle stood majestically.
At around the corner there is a big banyan tree.
Out he jumped.
Upstairs the children were playing.

16. Adverbs of Frequency
Position
Explanation
Points To Be Noted

17. Explanation
Adverbs of indefinite frequency tell us how often something happens.
Common examples are: always, ever, usually, normally, often,
frequently, seldom, never etc.
I am never late for office.
Have you ever been to the US?
I often work late.

18. Position
Adverbs of frequency go in mid position. They are normally placed
after the auxiliary verbs and before other verbs. When there are two
auxiliary verbs, the adverb goes after the first.
I always get up early. (adverb + main verb)
I am seldom late for work. (is/am/are/was/were + adverb)
We frequently visit them. (adverb + main verb)
I often read comics. (adverb + main verb)
I have never seen a dolphin. (auxiliary verb + adverb + main verb)

19. Points to be noted
1. Usually, normally, often, frequently, sometimes and occasionally can
also go at the beginning or end of a clause.
We visit them occasionally.
Often we trust the wrong person.

20. 2. Always, ever, rarely, seldom and never can go only in mid
position.
They never admitted their fault.
You can always trust him.
However, always and never can begin imperative clauses.
Always look before you leap.
Never ask her about her age.
Note:

21. Adverbs of Purpose
Adverbs of Degree
Adverbs of Certainty

22. Adverbs of Degree
Adverbs of Degree tell us about the degree or extent of an action,
quality or manner.
Examples are: almost, little, enough, much, too, partly, fully, so,
rather, quite, nearly, just, too, hardly, scarcely, very etc.
She is very beautiful.
I am extremely sorry.
She is quite strong.
They are fully prepared.

23. Position
Adverbs of degree normally come in mid position with the verb.
They are placed after the auxiliary verbs and before other verbs. If
there are two auxiliary verbs, the adverb comes after the first.
He had hardly begun. (auxiliary verb + adverb + main verb)
My work is almost finished. (is/am/are/was/were + adverb)
I just asked. (adverb + main verb)
She hardly realized what she was doing. (adverb + main verb)
He is entirely right. (is/am/are/was/were + adverb)
She was rather busy. (is/am/are/was/were + adverb)

24. An adverb of degree qualifying an adjective or another adverb
normally goes before it.
She is very beautiful.
Those mangoes were very sweet.
I am extremely sorry.
Enough is an exception to this rule. It is placed after the adjective or
adverb it qualifies.
You are not old enough to marry.
This is good enough to be true.

25. Adverbs of Certainty
Adverbs of certainty express how certain or sure we feel about an
action or event.
Common examples are: certainly, definitely, probably, undoubtedly,
clearly, obviously etc.
He is undoubtedly a great leader.
There is clearly something wrong.
She is definitely taller than you.

26. Position
Adverbs of certainty usually go in mid position. They are placed after
auxiliary verbs and before other verbs. When there are two or more
auxiliaries, the adverb goes after the first.
He is undoubtedly a great leader. (is/am/are/was/were + adverb)
She will probably come. (auxiliary verb + adverb + main verb)
It will certainly rain this evening. (auxiliary verb + adverb + main verb)
I certainly feel better today. (adverb + main verb)
You have definitely been working too hard. (first auxiliary + adverb +
second auxiliary + other verb)

27. Exceptions
Perhaps and may be are exceptions to this rule. They usually
go at the beginning of a clause.
Perhaps she will come.
May be you are right.

28. Adverbs of Time
Adverbs of time and definite frequency tell us when something
happens.
Examples are: today, yesterday, later, now, all day, not long,
for a while, since, last year, sometimes, frequently, never,
often, yearly etc.
shall go there tomorrow.
You must get up early.
I have seen him before.
Let us start now.

29. Position
Most of them go in end position.
I met him yesterday.
He died last year.
They are leaving for England tomorrow.
He visits us daily.
I haven't seen him lately.
Initial position is also common.
Yesterday I met him.
Tomorrow I am leaving for the US.

30. Exceptions
Finally, already, soon, and last can also go in mid position.
She has finally got a job.
They soon realized their mistake.
Still and just can only go in mid position.
I just asked.
He is still working for the same firm.
Note that a mid position adverb is placed after the auxiliary verbs
and before other verbs. When there are two auxiliary verbs, the adverb normally
comes after the first.

31. Adjectives or Adverbs? Confusing
cases
Some words ending in -ly are adjectives, and not normally adverbs.
Common examples are: costly, cowardly, deadly,
friendly, likely, lively, lonely, lovely, silly, ugly and
unlikely.
She has a lovely daughter.
Don't be silly.
It was a lively discussion.

32. Some adverbs and adjectives have the same form.
Examples are: fast, hard, high, late, near, straight, wrong,
daily, early, leisurely etc.
It is a fast (adjective) car.
A fast (adjective) car goes fast (adverb).
He drove fast (adverb).
Hard (adjective) work pays.
You must work hard (adverb).
He is an early (adjective) riser.
I got up early (adverb) today.
It is easy (adjective).
Take it easy (adverb)

33. Spelling of Adverbs
Most of adjectives can be converted to adverbs, just adding -ly, to the
end of the adjective.
correct - correctly
easy - easily
Adjectives that end in -y, change the -y to -i, and add -ly.
lucky - luckily
happy - happily
Adjectives that end in -ble, drop the -e, and -add -ly.
respectable - respectably
comfortable - comfortably

34. Adjectives that end in -ic, change the -ic to -al, and add -ly.
problematic - problematically
hectic - hectically
There are exceptions to the rule.
public - publicly
Adjectives that end in -e, just add -ly.
rude - rudely
live - lively

35. Adjectives that end in -le, drop the -e, and add -ly.
accountable - accountability
predictable - predictablbly
Please note not all words that end in -ly,
are not adverbs.
elderly
friendly
Note:

36. Order of Adverbs
There is a basic order in which adverbs will appear when there is more
than one. It is similar to The Royal Order of Adjectives, but it is even
more flexible.
THE ROYAL ORDER OF ADVERBS
Verb Manner Place Frequency Time Purpose
Beth swims enthusiastically in the pool every morning before dawn to keep in shape.
Dad walks impatiently into town every afternoon before supper to get a newspaper.
Tashonda
naps
in her room every morning before lunch.
In actual practice, of course, it would be highly unusual to have a string of adverbial
modifiers beyond two or three (at the most). Because the placement of adverbs is so
flexible, one or two of the modifiers would probably move to the beginning of the
sentence: "Every afternoon before supper, Dad impatiently walks into town to get a
newspaper." When that happens, the introductory adverbial modifiers are usually set off
with a comma.

37. Comparison of Adverbs
• There are three degrees of comparison in
adverbs – the Positive, the Comparative,
and the Superlative. The adverbs form their
comparatives and superlatives using –
er and –est , and more and most. Adverbs
that end in –ly use the
words more and most to form their
comparatives and superlatives.

38. Positive Comparative Superlative
early earlier earliest
fast faster fastest
hard harder hardest
high higher highest
late later latest
loud louder loudest
near nearer nearest
soon sooner soonest
The one-syllable adverbs use ‘-er’ in the comparative form, and ‘-est’
in the superlative form.

39. Positive Comparative Superlative
angrily more angrily most angrily
brightly more brightly most brightly
dimly more dimly most dimly
freely more freely most freely
gladly more gladly most gladly
heavily more heavily most heavily
loudly more loudly most loudly
quietly more quietly most quietly
sweetly more sweetly most sweetly
terribly more terribly most terribly
Adverbs which end in ‘-ly’ or have three or more syllables each form
the comparative with ‘more’ and the superlative with ‘most’.

40. Positive Comparative Superlative
badly worse (than) worst (the)
far farther farthest
far further furthest
little less least
much/many more most
well better best
Some adverbs form the comparative and the superlative
irregularly.