This document provides information about various types of engines. It discusses internal combustion engines like petrol engines and diesel engines. It explains the basic operating principles of 2-stroke and 4-stroke petrol engines. It also describes diesel engines and turbine gas engines. Additionally, it covers the main engine support systems, including ignition, fuel, cooling, and lubrication systems. The key components of each system are identified and their basic functions are explained.
The document discusses various topics related to diesel engines, including:
- What a diesel engine is and how it works by compressing air and injecting fuel to ignite without a spark plug.
- The typical systems that support a diesel engine like the intake, exhaust, fuel, cooling, and lubrication systems.
- Common faults that can occur in diesel engines like overheating, vibration, excessive fuel/oil consumption, and noise.
- Maintenance topics like servicing fuel injectors and bleeding air from the fuel system.
This document discusses internal combustion engines. It defines internal combustion engines as engines that combust fuel inside the engine cylinder. It classifies internal combustion engines based on fuel type, thermodynamic cycle, number of strokes, ignition method, cooling method, engine speed, cylinder number and position. It describes the four stroke cycles of Otto and diesel engines. It compares petrol and diesel engines and two stroke and four stroke engines. It defines indicated power and mechanical, thermal, brake and relative efficiencies of internal combustion engines.
This document provides an overview of diesel engines and biodiesel. It defines key diesel engine components and systems such as direct injection, common rail injection, turbochargers and intercoolers. It also covers important biodiesel fuel properties like cetane number, viscosity, cloud point and lubricity. The document indicates biodiesel has 12% less energy than diesel but can increase combustion efficiency. It notes most engine manufacturers approve blends up to B5 if fuel meets specifications.
1. The document discusses concepts related to motion including speed, velocity, acceleration, and inertia. It defines these terms and provides examples of their calculations.
2. It also discusses the operation of four-stroke petrol engines and four-stroke diesel engines. The key differences between the two types of engines are outlined.
3. Safety features of vehicles like seat belts and air bags are described which help protect drivers and passengers during crashes by preventing sudden changes in motion due to a vehicle's inertia.
Diesel engines differ from petrol/gasoline engines in that diesel engines ignite fuel via compression rather than with a spark plug. Diesel engines have higher compression ratios than petrol engines, ranging from 14:1 to 25:1. This makes diesel engines more efficient but also more expensive than petrol engines. While diesel engines have advantages like better fuel efficiency and reliability, they also have disadvantages like being noisier, producing more emissions, and being harder to start in cold weather. Both engine types are commonly used in vehicles, though diesel sees more use in larger transport like trucks and buses.
A 4-stroke diesel engine works through intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes. During intake, air is drawn into the cylinder. In compression, the air is compressed, raising the temperature enough to ignite fuel injected at the end of compression. In power, combustion drives the piston down. Finally, in exhaust, burnt gases are pushed out. Diesel engines are more efficient than gasoline but also more expensive, with higher fuel and maintenance costs. They produce less harmful emissions than gasoline engines.
Turbocharger and Supercharger (Anil Sharma) ANIL SHARMA
This document provides information on turbochargers and superchargers for internal combustion engines. It begins with an introduction to turbochargers, describing how they work by using the engine's exhaust gases to drive a turbine that spins a compressor, increasing air intake and engine power. It then discusses the installation and working principles of turbochargers, along with their benefits such as increased power and fuel efficiency. The document also covers superchargers, the differences between turbochargers and superchargers, and types of twin turbocharger systems. In conclusion, it summarizes that a turbocharger prototype was implemented on a two-wheeler to increase engine efficiency and control emissions.
This document provides an overview of diesel engine operation, including:
- Rudolf Diesel invented the diesel engine in 1892 with the goal of high efficiency.
- Diesel engines use compression ignition where heat from compressed air ignites fuel, unlike gasoline engines which use spark plugs.
- Key components include the fuel injection system and turbochargers or superchargers to compress air.
- Biodiesel can be used in diesel engines and has similar performance as petroleum diesel in blends of 20% or less. Engine manufacturers may restrict higher biodiesel blends due to fuel stability and quality issues.
The document discusses various topics related to diesel engines, including:
- What a diesel engine is and how it works by compressing air and injecting fuel to ignite without a spark plug.
- The typical systems that support a diesel engine like the intake, exhaust, fuel, cooling, and lubrication systems.
- Common faults that can occur in diesel engines like overheating, vibration, excessive fuel/oil consumption, and noise.
- Maintenance topics like servicing fuel injectors and bleeding air from the fuel system.
This document discusses internal combustion engines. It defines internal combustion engines as engines that combust fuel inside the engine cylinder. It classifies internal combustion engines based on fuel type, thermodynamic cycle, number of strokes, ignition method, cooling method, engine speed, cylinder number and position. It describes the four stroke cycles of Otto and diesel engines. It compares petrol and diesel engines and two stroke and four stroke engines. It defines indicated power and mechanical, thermal, brake and relative efficiencies of internal combustion engines.
This document provides an overview of diesel engines and biodiesel. It defines key diesel engine components and systems such as direct injection, common rail injection, turbochargers and intercoolers. It also covers important biodiesel fuel properties like cetane number, viscosity, cloud point and lubricity. The document indicates biodiesel has 12% less energy than diesel but can increase combustion efficiency. It notes most engine manufacturers approve blends up to B5 if fuel meets specifications.
1. The document discusses concepts related to motion including speed, velocity, acceleration, and inertia. It defines these terms and provides examples of their calculations.
2. It also discusses the operation of four-stroke petrol engines and four-stroke diesel engines. The key differences between the two types of engines are outlined.
3. Safety features of vehicles like seat belts and air bags are described which help protect drivers and passengers during crashes by preventing sudden changes in motion due to a vehicle's inertia.
Diesel engines differ from petrol/gasoline engines in that diesel engines ignite fuel via compression rather than with a spark plug. Diesel engines have higher compression ratios than petrol engines, ranging from 14:1 to 25:1. This makes diesel engines more efficient but also more expensive than petrol engines. While diesel engines have advantages like better fuel efficiency and reliability, they also have disadvantages like being noisier, producing more emissions, and being harder to start in cold weather. Both engine types are commonly used in vehicles, though diesel sees more use in larger transport like trucks and buses.
A 4-stroke diesel engine works through intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes. During intake, air is drawn into the cylinder. In compression, the air is compressed, raising the temperature enough to ignite fuel injected at the end of compression. In power, combustion drives the piston down. Finally, in exhaust, burnt gases are pushed out. Diesel engines are more efficient than gasoline but also more expensive, with higher fuel and maintenance costs. They produce less harmful emissions than gasoline engines.
Turbocharger and Supercharger (Anil Sharma) ANIL SHARMA
This document provides information on turbochargers and superchargers for internal combustion engines. It begins with an introduction to turbochargers, describing how they work by using the engine's exhaust gases to drive a turbine that spins a compressor, increasing air intake and engine power. It then discusses the installation and working principles of turbochargers, along with their benefits such as increased power and fuel efficiency. The document also covers superchargers, the differences between turbochargers and superchargers, and types of twin turbocharger systems. In conclusion, it summarizes that a turbocharger prototype was implemented on a two-wheeler to increase engine efficiency and control emissions.
This document provides an overview of diesel engine operation, including:
- Rudolf Diesel invented the diesel engine in 1892 with the goal of high efficiency.
- Diesel engines use compression ignition where heat from compressed air ignites fuel, unlike gasoline engines which use spark plugs.
- Key components include the fuel injection system and turbochargers or superchargers to compress air.
- Biodiesel can be used in diesel engines and has similar performance as petroleum diesel in blends of 20% or less. Engine manufacturers may restrict higher biodiesel blends due to fuel stability and quality issues.
This document provides an overview of physical principles related to engine operation, including:
- The basic parts of a gasoline engine like the cylinder block, piston, crankshaft, and valves.
- How engines convert heat energy into mechanical energy through the four stroke cycle of intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes.
- A comparison of diesel and gasoline engines, noting advantages of diesel like better fuel economy but disadvantages like higher costs, noise, and slower acceleration.
This slides are about inline injection pump and calibration of the pumps .The working of the pump is described in simple words and with examples of daily usable devices.
The diesel engine was invented during the industrial revolution by a German engineer. Rudolf Diesel grew up in France but then left for England during the Franco-German war. ... By studying thermodynamics, Diesel found he could make a smaller, internal combustion engine that would convert all heat into work.
The document provides an overview of four-stroke engines, including:
- The four strokes that make up the combustion cycle: intake, compression, power/ignition, and exhaust.
- Key components of four-stroke engines like the intake/exhaust valves, piston, crankshaft, and spark plug.
- The basic operation of a four-stroke petrol/gasoline engine, which draws in an air-fuel mixture, compresses it, ignites it with a spark plug, and exhausts the gases.
The document provides an overview of the basic components and functions of internal combustion engines. It discusses the different types of engines including 4-stroke, V8, and 2-stroke engines. It also describes the key components that an engine needs to operate such as fuel, air, spark, and compression. Pistons, crankshafts, camshafts, valves and their functions are explained. The 4-stroke combustion cycle and engine timing are also summarized.
The document describes a presentation on four-stroke petrol engines. It includes sections on the introduction, construction, working principle, applications, and lubrication of four-stroke petrol engines. The key points are:
1. A four-stroke petrol engine completes its cycle over four strokes of the piston and two revolutions of the crankshaft. It was invented by Nikolaus Otto in 1876.
2. The main parts include the piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, inlet and exhaust valves, spark plug, and carburetor.
3. The four strokes are intake, compression, power, and exhaust. During intake the mixture is drawn in, compression compresses it, combustion powers
The document discusses different classifications and components of internal combustion engines. It describes the major classifications as: type of ignition (spark or compression), engine cycle (4-stroke or 2-stroke), valve location, basic design, position/number of cylinders, air intake process, fuel input/type, application, cooling type. It then provides details on the 4-stroke engine cycle and lists common engine components such as the block, cylinders, pistons, crankshaft, camshaft, valves etc. In summary, the document provides a comprehensive overview of how internal combustion engines can be classified and their basic cycles and components.
This document compares two-stroke and four-stroke engines. It explains that two-stroke engines have a compression and combustion stroke in one revolution, while four-stroke engines separate these into individual intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust strokes. Two-stroke engines are lighter and simpler in design but produce more pollution and do not last as long due to their lack of dedicated lubrication. They also use a mixture of gasoline and oil that needs to be precisely mixed.
Difference between 4-stroke Petrol Engine and 4-stroke Diesel EngineShafaat Soomro
Diesel engines and petrol engines have several key differences. Diesel fuel is more dense and viscous than petrol fuel and has a lower self-ignition temperature. Diesel engines are heavier, larger, and more durable than petrol engines. They have higher compression ratios and thermal efficiencies up to 40%, producing more power and torque than petrol engines. While diesel engines are more fuel efficient, they are more expensive initially and have higher maintenance costs than petrol engines.
Internal combustion engines applied thermosciences (ferguson, kirkpatrick, ed. 2) [wiley]Focusing on thermodynamic analysis--from the requisite first law to more sophisticated applications--and engine design, here is a modern introduction to internal combustion engines and their mechanics. It covers the many types of internal combustion engines, including spark ignition, compression ignition, and stratified charge engines, and examines processes, keeping equations of state simple by assuming constant specific heats. Equations are limited to heat engines and later applied to combustion engines. Topics include realistic equations of state, stoichiometry, predictions of chemical equilibrium, engine performance criteria, and friction, which is discussed in terms of the hydrodynamic theory of lubrication and experimental methods such as dimensional analysis. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.
From the Back Cover
THE PRINCIPLES OF THERMODYNAMICS, FLUID MECHANICS, AND HEAT TRANSFER APPLIED TO INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.
This completely revised text applies the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer to internal combustion engines. Every chapter has been reorganized and updated to clearly present current modeling and analysis techniques. The Second Edition includes new material on yhermodynamic modeling, intake and exhaust flow, friction, combustion, alternative fuels, emissions, and instrumentation. The book contains many wordked examples that illustrate important aspects of internal combustion engines.
WHAT'S NEW IN THIS EDITION
Up-to-date discussion of new engine technologies exposes readers to current engineering practice.
Java based applets for computation of engine thermodynamics, friction, and heat transfer are available on the book's web site.
Numerous worked examples and homework problems for student assignment.
Up-to-date literature references in each chapter provide a resource for further study.
New photos and figures show modern engine components and engine performance.
The document provides an overview of diesel engine operation, including key components and processes. It discusses how diesel engines work via compression ignition rather than spark ignition like gasoline engines. The four main components of the diesel engine cycle are the intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust strokes. Key differences between diesel and gasoline include higher compression ratios and direct fuel injection in diesel engines. The document also covers diesel fuel properties, injection systems, turbocharging, and exhaust emissions reduction technologies.
This document describes three main types of jet engines: turbojet engines, ramjet engines, and pulse jet engines. Turbojet engines were developed first in the 1930s-1940s and work by compressing air, adding and burning fuel, and expelling the hot gases through a nozzle to produce thrust. They consist of an air inlet, compressor, combustion chamber, turbine, and nozzle. Ramjet engines were developed in 1913 and can only produce thrust at supersonic speeds. They lack a compressor and turbine. Pulse jet engines were invented in 1864 and work using intermittent combustion without external compression, consisting of an air inlet, valve/valveless combustion chamber, and nozzle.
The document discusses various types of heat engines and internal combustion engines. It provides details on reciprocating engines, gas turbines, steam turbines, and compares internal combustion engines to external combustion engines. It describes the working of 4-stroke spark ignition and compression ignition engines. The key advantages of internal combustion engines are their mechanical simplicity, ability to use high working fluid temperatures, and better power-to-weight ratio compared to steam turbines. Common applications mentioned are automobiles, motorcycles, ships, aircrafts and locomotives. The document also discusses engine components, classification of internal combustion engines, performance parameters, and thermodynamic cycles like Otto, Diesel and Carnot cycles.
The document discusses internal combustion engines. It defines an internal combustion engine as a heat engine that converts thermal energy from fuel into mechanical work. It then classifies internal combustion engines in several ways such as by design, working cycle, number of strokes, fuel used, and other factors. The key parts of internal combustion engines like the cylinder, piston, valves are also defined. Important terminology used in internal combustion engines such as cylinder bore, stroke, swept volume, compression ratio are explained. The workings of different types of internal combustion engines such as spark ignition engines, compression ignition engines, and 2-stroke engines are outlined. Their differences and various engine efficiencies are also compared.
This document provides details about installing a turbocharger on a 125cc single cylinder motorcycle engine to increase its efficiency. It discusses designing and fabricating a turbocharger prototype that was implemented on a two-wheeler. The summary is:
1. The document outlines the steps to install a turbocharger on a Honda Stunner CBF 125cc motorcycle, including connecting the turbocharger inlet to the exhaust port and connecting the air filter, carburetor, and intake manifold.
2. It explains that a turbocharger uses the engine's exhaust gases to drive a turbine, which spins a compressor to force more air into the combustion chamber, allowing more fuel and increased power output.
Daniel Barcus discusses different types of engines in the document, including Stirling engines, diesel engines, and gasoline engines. Stirling engines run at a constant speed and were used until 1915 but are not commonly used today. Diesel engines compress air more than gasoline engines, resulting in very hot combustion that powers the piston. Gasoline engines are the most commonly used today and involve four strokes - intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust - to power the crankshaft through ignition of the fuel. The document provides an overview of the basic workings of different engine types.
Two stroke engines complete the intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes in one revolution of the crankshaft, using the crankcase as a pumping device. They are lighter and simpler than four stroke engines but are less efficient and more polluting. Common applications of two stroke engines include dirt bikes, lawnmowers, outboard engines, chain saws, jet skis, and snowmobiles.
The document provides details about installing a turbocharger on a 125cc single cylinder motorcycle engine to increase its efficiency. It discusses selecting the Honda Stunner CBF 125cc motorcycle for the project. It outlines the key steps for installing the turbocharger, including connecting the turbo inlet to the engine exhaust port, connecting the turbocharger to the air filter and carburetor, and installing an oil line and battery. The document also provides an overview of how a turbocharger works to force more air into the engine cylinders, thus allowing more fuel and resulting in increased power output.
The document is a lab report submitted by a student named Akshay Choudhary to their professor K. Srikanth. It contains 7 experiments related to farm machinery and power, including studying the components of an internal combustion engine, the workings of 4-stroke and 2-stroke engines, plows, seed drills, tractors, and tillage equipment.
The document discusses the key components and workings of an internal combustion engine. It defines an internal combustion engine as one where combustion of fuel occurs within the engine's cylinder. It then lists and describes the main constructional parts of an internal combustion engine, including the cylinder, cylinder head, piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, camshaft, and flywheel. The cylinder contains the moving piston and is where combustion takes place. The cylinder head covers the cylinder and contains inlet and outlet valves and a spark plug or nozzle.
The document discusses diesel engines and how they work. It explains that diesel engines ignite fuel through heat of compressed air rather than a spark plug. It provides details on the 4-stroke diesel engine cycle including intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes. It also describes the simpler 2-stroke engine cycle and discusses advantages and disadvantages of each.
Diesel engines are commonly used in vehicles like cars, buses, trucks as well as agricultural equipment and generators because they can operate in places with unreliable electricity. Diesel engines ignite fuel using the heat of compressed air rather than a spark plug, and are often more efficient than gasoline engines, though they produce more air pollution. The document discusses the components and operation of both 4-stroke and 2-stroke diesel engines.
This document provides an overview of physical principles related to engine operation, including:
- The basic parts of a gasoline engine like the cylinder block, piston, crankshaft, and valves.
- How engines convert heat energy into mechanical energy through the four stroke cycle of intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes.
- A comparison of diesel and gasoline engines, noting advantages of diesel like better fuel economy but disadvantages like higher costs, noise, and slower acceleration.
This slides are about inline injection pump and calibration of the pumps .The working of the pump is described in simple words and with examples of daily usable devices.
The diesel engine was invented during the industrial revolution by a German engineer. Rudolf Diesel grew up in France but then left for England during the Franco-German war. ... By studying thermodynamics, Diesel found he could make a smaller, internal combustion engine that would convert all heat into work.
The document provides an overview of four-stroke engines, including:
- The four strokes that make up the combustion cycle: intake, compression, power/ignition, and exhaust.
- Key components of four-stroke engines like the intake/exhaust valves, piston, crankshaft, and spark plug.
- The basic operation of a four-stroke petrol/gasoline engine, which draws in an air-fuel mixture, compresses it, ignites it with a spark plug, and exhausts the gases.
The document provides an overview of the basic components and functions of internal combustion engines. It discusses the different types of engines including 4-stroke, V8, and 2-stroke engines. It also describes the key components that an engine needs to operate such as fuel, air, spark, and compression. Pistons, crankshafts, camshafts, valves and their functions are explained. The 4-stroke combustion cycle and engine timing are also summarized.
The document describes a presentation on four-stroke petrol engines. It includes sections on the introduction, construction, working principle, applications, and lubrication of four-stroke petrol engines. The key points are:
1. A four-stroke petrol engine completes its cycle over four strokes of the piston and two revolutions of the crankshaft. It was invented by Nikolaus Otto in 1876.
2. The main parts include the piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, inlet and exhaust valves, spark plug, and carburetor.
3. The four strokes are intake, compression, power, and exhaust. During intake the mixture is drawn in, compression compresses it, combustion powers
The document discusses different classifications and components of internal combustion engines. It describes the major classifications as: type of ignition (spark or compression), engine cycle (4-stroke or 2-stroke), valve location, basic design, position/number of cylinders, air intake process, fuel input/type, application, cooling type. It then provides details on the 4-stroke engine cycle and lists common engine components such as the block, cylinders, pistons, crankshaft, camshaft, valves etc. In summary, the document provides a comprehensive overview of how internal combustion engines can be classified and their basic cycles and components.
This document compares two-stroke and four-stroke engines. It explains that two-stroke engines have a compression and combustion stroke in one revolution, while four-stroke engines separate these into individual intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust strokes. Two-stroke engines are lighter and simpler in design but produce more pollution and do not last as long due to their lack of dedicated lubrication. They also use a mixture of gasoline and oil that needs to be precisely mixed.
Difference between 4-stroke Petrol Engine and 4-stroke Diesel EngineShafaat Soomro
Diesel engines and petrol engines have several key differences. Diesel fuel is more dense and viscous than petrol fuel and has a lower self-ignition temperature. Diesel engines are heavier, larger, and more durable than petrol engines. They have higher compression ratios and thermal efficiencies up to 40%, producing more power and torque than petrol engines. While diesel engines are more fuel efficient, they are more expensive initially and have higher maintenance costs than petrol engines.
Internal combustion engines applied thermosciences (ferguson, kirkpatrick, ed. 2) [wiley]Focusing on thermodynamic analysis--from the requisite first law to more sophisticated applications--and engine design, here is a modern introduction to internal combustion engines and their mechanics. It covers the many types of internal combustion engines, including spark ignition, compression ignition, and stratified charge engines, and examines processes, keeping equations of state simple by assuming constant specific heats. Equations are limited to heat engines and later applied to combustion engines. Topics include realistic equations of state, stoichiometry, predictions of chemical equilibrium, engine performance criteria, and friction, which is discussed in terms of the hydrodynamic theory of lubrication and experimental methods such as dimensional analysis. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.
From the Back Cover
THE PRINCIPLES OF THERMODYNAMICS, FLUID MECHANICS, AND HEAT TRANSFER APPLIED TO INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.
This completely revised text applies the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer to internal combustion engines. Every chapter has been reorganized and updated to clearly present current modeling and analysis techniques. The Second Edition includes new material on yhermodynamic modeling, intake and exhaust flow, friction, combustion, alternative fuels, emissions, and instrumentation. The book contains many wordked examples that illustrate important aspects of internal combustion engines.
WHAT'S NEW IN THIS EDITION
Up-to-date discussion of new engine technologies exposes readers to current engineering practice.
Java based applets for computation of engine thermodynamics, friction, and heat transfer are available on the book's web site.
Numerous worked examples and homework problems for student assignment.
Up-to-date literature references in each chapter provide a resource for further study.
New photos and figures show modern engine components and engine performance.
The document provides an overview of diesel engine operation, including key components and processes. It discusses how diesel engines work via compression ignition rather than spark ignition like gasoline engines. The four main components of the diesel engine cycle are the intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust strokes. Key differences between diesel and gasoline include higher compression ratios and direct fuel injection in diesel engines. The document also covers diesel fuel properties, injection systems, turbocharging, and exhaust emissions reduction technologies.
This document describes three main types of jet engines: turbojet engines, ramjet engines, and pulse jet engines. Turbojet engines were developed first in the 1930s-1940s and work by compressing air, adding and burning fuel, and expelling the hot gases through a nozzle to produce thrust. They consist of an air inlet, compressor, combustion chamber, turbine, and nozzle. Ramjet engines were developed in 1913 and can only produce thrust at supersonic speeds. They lack a compressor and turbine. Pulse jet engines were invented in 1864 and work using intermittent combustion without external compression, consisting of an air inlet, valve/valveless combustion chamber, and nozzle.
The document discusses various types of heat engines and internal combustion engines. It provides details on reciprocating engines, gas turbines, steam turbines, and compares internal combustion engines to external combustion engines. It describes the working of 4-stroke spark ignition and compression ignition engines. The key advantages of internal combustion engines are their mechanical simplicity, ability to use high working fluid temperatures, and better power-to-weight ratio compared to steam turbines. Common applications mentioned are automobiles, motorcycles, ships, aircrafts and locomotives. The document also discusses engine components, classification of internal combustion engines, performance parameters, and thermodynamic cycles like Otto, Diesel and Carnot cycles.
The document discusses internal combustion engines. It defines an internal combustion engine as a heat engine that converts thermal energy from fuel into mechanical work. It then classifies internal combustion engines in several ways such as by design, working cycle, number of strokes, fuel used, and other factors. The key parts of internal combustion engines like the cylinder, piston, valves are also defined. Important terminology used in internal combustion engines such as cylinder bore, stroke, swept volume, compression ratio are explained. The workings of different types of internal combustion engines such as spark ignition engines, compression ignition engines, and 2-stroke engines are outlined. Their differences and various engine efficiencies are also compared.
This document provides details about installing a turbocharger on a 125cc single cylinder motorcycle engine to increase its efficiency. It discusses designing and fabricating a turbocharger prototype that was implemented on a two-wheeler. The summary is:
1. The document outlines the steps to install a turbocharger on a Honda Stunner CBF 125cc motorcycle, including connecting the turbocharger inlet to the exhaust port and connecting the air filter, carburetor, and intake manifold.
2. It explains that a turbocharger uses the engine's exhaust gases to drive a turbine, which spins a compressor to force more air into the combustion chamber, allowing more fuel and increased power output.
Daniel Barcus discusses different types of engines in the document, including Stirling engines, diesel engines, and gasoline engines. Stirling engines run at a constant speed and were used until 1915 but are not commonly used today. Diesel engines compress air more than gasoline engines, resulting in very hot combustion that powers the piston. Gasoline engines are the most commonly used today and involve four strokes - intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust - to power the crankshaft through ignition of the fuel. The document provides an overview of the basic workings of different engine types.
Two stroke engines complete the intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes in one revolution of the crankshaft, using the crankcase as a pumping device. They are lighter and simpler than four stroke engines but are less efficient and more polluting. Common applications of two stroke engines include dirt bikes, lawnmowers, outboard engines, chain saws, jet skis, and snowmobiles.
The document provides details about installing a turbocharger on a 125cc single cylinder motorcycle engine to increase its efficiency. It discusses selecting the Honda Stunner CBF 125cc motorcycle for the project. It outlines the key steps for installing the turbocharger, including connecting the turbo inlet to the engine exhaust port, connecting the turbocharger to the air filter and carburetor, and installing an oil line and battery. The document also provides an overview of how a turbocharger works to force more air into the engine cylinders, thus allowing more fuel and resulting in increased power output.
The document is a lab report submitted by a student named Akshay Choudhary to their professor K. Srikanth. It contains 7 experiments related to farm machinery and power, including studying the components of an internal combustion engine, the workings of 4-stroke and 2-stroke engines, plows, seed drills, tractors, and tillage equipment.
The document discusses the key components and workings of an internal combustion engine. It defines an internal combustion engine as one where combustion of fuel occurs within the engine's cylinder. It then lists and describes the main constructional parts of an internal combustion engine, including the cylinder, cylinder head, piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, camshaft, and flywheel. The cylinder contains the moving piston and is where combustion takes place. The cylinder head covers the cylinder and contains inlet and outlet valves and a spark plug or nozzle.
The document discusses diesel engines and how they work. It explains that diesel engines ignite fuel through heat of compressed air rather than a spark plug. It provides details on the 4-stroke diesel engine cycle including intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes. It also describes the simpler 2-stroke engine cycle and discusses advantages and disadvantages of each.
Diesel engines are commonly used in vehicles like cars, buses, trucks as well as agricultural equipment and generators because they can operate in places with unreliable electricity. Diesel engines ignite fuel using the heat of compressed air rather than a spark plug, and are often more efficient than gasoline engines, though they produce more air pollution. The document discusses the components and operation of both 4-stroke and 2-stroke diesel engines.
This document provides information on heat engines and internal combustion engines. It discusses how heat engines convert thermal energy to mechanical energy. It classifies heat engines based on combustion, fuel used, and ignition type. It describes the construction, working principles, cycles and terminology of internal combustion engines, including two-stroke and four-stroke engines. It also discusses diesel engines and provides their special features. Key engine parameters like bore, stroke, power, indicated horsepower and brake horsepower are defined.
Internal Combustion Engines:- Heat Engines, Classification of heat engines, Construction and principle of IC Engines, Two stroke and Four stroke engine cycle.
Engine, classification of heat engine, classification of IC engine, component of IC engine, four stroke engine and 2- stroke engine, petrol and diesel engine, comparisons, terminology related to engine
This document provides an overview of farm machinery engine systems. It discusses the classification and components of internal combustion engines, including differences between two-stroke and four-stroke engines. The fuel, lubrication, ignition, cooling and governor systems are also mentioned. Tractor systems such as power transmission, steering, brakes and hydraulics are briefly covered. The summary discusses the key components and cycles of petrol and diesel engines in 2-3 sentences.
This document discusses the four stroke petrol engine. It describes the four strokes of the engine cycle: intake, compression, power, and exhaust. During intake, the piston moves down and air-fuel mixture enters the combustion chamber. In compression, the piston moves up and compresses the mixture. In power stroke, ignition occurs and the expanding gases push the piston down. Finally, in exhaust stroke, the piston moves up to push out the exhaust gases. The four strokes complete one cycle requiring two revolutions of the crankshaft.
The document summarizes internal combustion engines. It describes the different types including two-stroke and four-stroke engines. It explains the basic operation of two-stroke and four-stroke engines through labeled diagrams. It also discusses advantages and disadvantages of two-stroke, four-stroke, and diesel engines. The document provides classifications of internal combustion engines and covers topics like engine cycles, multi-cylinder configurations, and applications of internal combustion engines.
The document discusses different types of engines including internal and external combustion engines. It describes the basic functions and components of internal combustion engines, which convert chemical energy from fuel into heat and then mechanical energy. The document outlines the four main events required for internal combustion engine operation: air-fuel mixture intake, compression, ignition, and exhaust. It also summarizes the operating cycles of two-stroke and four-stroke engines.
The document provides information on two-stroke and four-stroke engines, including their working principles, types, and comparisons. It discusses how heat engines convert heat from fuel combustion into mechanical work. Internal combustion engines are classified based on combustion, fuel used, ignition type, and working cycle. The key differences between two-stroke and four-stroke engines are summarized. The document also outlines the construction and basic components of internal combustion engines.
- The document discusses two-stroke and four-stroke engines, their working principles, types, and applications.
- Four-stroke engines complete their combustion cycle over four strokes of the piston requiring two revolutions of the crankshaft, while two-stroke engines complete combustion in just two strokes, one revolution of the crankshaft.
- The four main events in both engines are intake, compression, power, and exhaust, but they are arranged differently between the two types due to differences in valve and port timing.
The document is a video that provides an overview of key engine components and the four-stroke engine cycle. It discusses the purpose of the piston, cylinders, intake and exhaust valves, spark plugs, and fuel injectors. It then explains each step of the four-stroke cycle: the intake stroke brings in air/fuel mixture, compression stroke compresses the mixture, power stroke ignites the mixture to push the piston, and exhaust stroke pushes out exhaust gases. The video emphasizes that the four-stroke cycle converts the linear motion of the piston into rotational motion via the crankshaft.
Power Generation through Diesel Engine by 09 ME 28.pptRaheelMuhammad5
The document discusses diesel engines and how they generate power. It describes the four-stroke combustion cycle of a diesel engine, which includes the intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes. During the compression stroke, the air is compressed and heats up, igniting the injected diesel fuel and powering the piston. Diesel engines are more thermally efficient than gasoline engines, producing more power from less fuel. However, diesel engines face challenges with emissions and cold starting.
The document compares two-stroke and four-stroke engines. A two-stroke engine completes the intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes in two piston movements. It mixes fuel with oil for lubrication since components contact each other frequently. A four-stroke engine uses four strokes - intake, compression, power, and exhaust - to deliver one power stroke per two cycles, making it more common in automobiles like cars and trucks.
The document provides information on different types of internal combustion engines. It describes two-stroke and four-stroke engines, whether spark ignition or compression ignition. For both two-stroke and four-stroke engines, it explains the basic workings of each stroke in the combustion cycle, including intake, compression, power/expansion, and exhaust strokes. Diagrams and animations are included to illustrate the piston movement and valve timing in two-stroke and four-stroke engines.
The document summarizes the key differences between 4-stroke and 2-stroke engines. A 4-stroke engine delivers one power stroke for every two cycles of the piston, going through intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes. A 2-stroke engine completes its power cycle within two strokes by combining the intake and exhaust functions so that it can produce power with fewer moving parts than a 4-stroke engine, giving it a high power-to-weight ratio.
The document discusses the four stroke petrol engine. It begins by introducing the four main components: the intake stroke where air-fuel mixture enters the combustion chamber, the compression stroke where the piston compresses the mixture, the power stroke where combustion occurs and the piston is pushed down, and the exhaust stroke where burnt gases are pushed out. It then explains each stroke in more detail and analyzes the thermodynamic process. Advantages include less fuel consumption and higher efficiency, while disadvantages are more complex design and higher costs. Applications include use in cars, motorcycles, boats and other small engines.
The document describes different types of internal combustion engines. It begins by defining heat engines and classifying them as either external or internal combustion engines. It then focuses on internal combustion engines, describing their basic components and functions. It provides details on the four stroke cycles of petrol and diesel engines. Key differences between petrol and diesel engines are outlined. Finally, it briefly introduces two stroke engines and depicts their operating cycles.
The document discusses internal combustion engines, including their basic components and operating cycles. It describes the four main strokes of a four-stroke engine: intake, compression, power, and exhaust. It also summarizes the operation of two-stroke engines and differences from four-stroke engines, such as using crankcase compression and ports instead of valves. Additionally, it covers the classification of engines as spark ignition or compression ignition and compares their combustion processes.
The document provides information about the basic parts of an internal combustion engine. It lists and describes the main components including the cylinder head, valves, camshaft, cylinder block, cylinders, piston, connecting rods, crankshaft, main bearings, flywheel, and timing drives. It explains their functions and how they work together in the engine combustion cycle.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
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Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
1. ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGY
Manufacturing > Communication > Transportation and Power > Construction >
Industrial Design
Prepared by:
Engineering Technology Teachers
Unit Kurikulum, Jabatan Pelajaran Perak.
2.
3. ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
Manufacturing > Communication > Transportation and Power > Construction > Industrial Design
MAIN PAGE
THE ENGINE
LEARNING
THE ENGINE
OUTCOME
PETROL ENGINE DIESEL ENGINE TURBINE GAS ENGINE
ENGINE SUPPORT SYSTEM
4. LEARNING OUTCOME
Students should be able to:
List types of engine
Describe the basic operating principles of
various engines.
Briefly explain ignition systems, fuel system,
cooling systems and lubrication systems.
5. ENGINE
COMBUSTION
INTERNAL EXTERNAL
COMBUSTION COMBUSTION
PETROL ENGINE DIESEL ENGINE TURBINE GAS STEAM ENGINE
Uses petrol or ENGINE
Uses diesel
LPG as fuel. Uses kerosene.
as fuel.
6. INTERNAL COMBUSTION
AND
EXTERNAL COMBUSTION
An engine produces power through the process of
fuel combustion.
If the combustion occurs in the engine cylinder, then the engine
is called an internal combustion engine.
If the combustion occurs outside (external combustion) the engin
it is known as a steam engine .
7. PETROL ENGINE
TYPES OF PETROL ENGINES
TWO STROKE ENGINES
FOUR STROKE ENGINES
COMPARISON TWO STROKE AND FOUR STROKE
8. PETROL ENGINE
TYPES OF PETROL
ENGINES
TWO STROKE FOUR STROKE
ENGINES ENGINE
9. TWO STROKE ENGINE
-INTAKE STROKE AND COMPRESSION STROKE
The crankshaft is turned by
kicking the crankshaft pedal
The piston moves upwards
until it reaches the fixed
upper point (FUP)
The fuel mixture flows into
the cylinder
The exhaust port is closed
by piston
The fuel mixture at the
upper section of the
cylinder is compressed
High pressure is produced
10. TWO STROKE ENGINE
-INTAKE STROKE AND COMPRESSION STROKE
At the fixed upper point
(FUP), spark plugs produce
sparks.
Gas combusts and expands
Propulsion power is
produced.
Piston is pushed downwards
to the fixed lower point (FLP)
TWO STROKE ENGINE
ANIMATION
(click then ‘OK’)
11. FOUR STROKE ENGINE
-INTAKE STROKE
The crankshaft rotates
The intake valve is
opened piston moves
down from FUP to FLP
The mixture of fuel and air
flows into the chamber
through the carburetor or
by injection
12. FOUR STROKE ENGINE
-COMPRESSION STROKE
Intake and exhaust valve are
closed.
The piston moves up to FUP.
Has high pressure.
The fuel and air mixture
continues to be compressed
13. FOUR STROKE ENGINE
-POWER STROKE
All valves are closed.
At the FUP point, spark
plugs produce electrical
sparks (ignition).
Combustion of fuel
mixture occurs in the
cylinder.
High pressure pushes
piston downwards.
Thus, the crankshaft is
rotated.
14. FOUR STROKE ENGINE
-EXHAUST STROKE
Due to the momentum of
the crankshaft rotation,
piston is pushed upwards.
The piston reaches FUP
point
The exhaust valve is
opened
Gas is released through
the exhaust assisted by
the upward piston
movement
The stroke cycle
continues until the engine
FOUR STROKE ENGINE FOUR STROKE ENGINE is shut down.
ANIMATION VIDEO
17. COMPARISON TWO STROKE ENGINES
AND FOUR STROKE ENGINES
Two stroke engine Four stroke engine
Two stroke per cycle Four stroke per cycle
Characteristic Uses separate Its power is
lubricants increased by adding
Has one or more more cylinders.
cylinder
Has port but no valve
18. Two stroke engine Four stroke engine
Has high torque Produces high power
Advantages Has low maintenance cost Its suitable for high
powered vehicles.
Produces low power Has low torque
Emits turbid smoke from Has high maintenance
Disadvantages its exhaust cost
Motorcycles Cars
Lawnmowers Lorries
Uses
Chain saws Four wheel drives
20. INTRODUCTION
Fuel : diesel.
The compression rate is higher than that of the petrol engine and
at a temperature of 500°C.
A diesel engine will save cost because diesel is cheap.
It requires engine materials that can withstand high pressure.
Example :large vehicles such as lorries, buses and bulldozers
21. FOUR STROKE ENGINE
-AIR INTAKE STROKE
The crankshaft is
turned.
The exhaust valve is
dosed, the intake valve
is opened
Air flows into the
cylinder
The piston moves up
22. FOUR STROKE ENGINE
-COMPRESSION STROKE
Intake and exhaust valve are
closed.
The piston moves up to FUP.
Has high pressure.
The fuel and air mixture
continues
to be compressed
23. FOUR STROKE ENGINE
-POWER STROKE
The combusting fuel
mixture produces high
pressure in the
combustion chamber
High pressure causes the
piston be pushed
downwards
Then, crankshaft is
turned
24. FOUR STROKE ENGINE
-EXHAUST STROKE
The momentum of the
crankshaft rotation pushes
the piston upwards
The exhaust valve is
opened
Gas is released through
the exhaust valve
The stroke cycle continues
until the engine is shut
down
27. INTRODUCTION
The advantage of a turbine gas engine is its ability to operate
using a variety of fuel including diesel, petrol and gas.
A turbine gas engine has three parts:
i) A Compression impeller
ii) A driver turbine
iii) A power turbine
28. 1 2 3
4 5
2 3
Clean air is let into the
turbine engine through air
intake manifold 1
29. Clean air is sucked into the compressor 2 through the compression
impeller.
At the compression impeller, the air is spread across the wall by the
centrifugal force of the impeller blades.
This causes the air pressure to be four times higher.
In this chamber, there is a fuel nozzle and the ignition system.
1 2 3
4 5
2 3
30. The compressed hot air pressure is
let into the combustion chamber 3.
1 2 3
4 5
2 3
31. Fuel burns at very high temperature – 1052 °C. This highly
pressured hot and expended gas turns the turbine 4
1 2 3
4 5
2 3
32. 1 2 3
4 5
2 3
Power turbine drives and steers power gear. Hot gas is
released through the power turbine and comes out as jet
blast 5 that causes propulsion.
36. IGNITION SYSTEM
BATTERY
IGNITION SWITCH
HIGH VOLTAGE CABLE
IGNITION MODUL
DISTRIBUTOR
SPARK PLUG CABLE
SPARK PLUG
37. IGNITION SYSTEM
- FUNCTION
Used on a petrol engine
Produces sparks at the spark plug
Functions at the end of the compression
stroke during the fuel combustion process
39. FUEL TANK
FUEL PUMP
FUEL FILTER
AIR FILTER CARBURETTOR
40. FUEL SYSTEM
- FUNCTION
Inlet flowof fuel and air
Mixes air and fuel at the right ratio
The way fuel is supplied to the combustion cylinder
Through injection and carburettor
Carburettor controls the fuel and air mixture
so that it is at the right ratio and also controls
the speed of the engine
44. COOLING SYSTEM
- FUNCTION
Controls engine temperature
Cooling by air or water
Air cooling is suitable for small engines such as a
motorcycle engine
Water cooling is suitable for large engines such as car
engines
Water is flowing in the engine to transfer the resultant heat
elsewhere
Water tank (radiator) is installed in front of the engine
along with an additional fan