Specifications and Standardization
Purposes of Specifications
Collaborative Development
Categories of Specifications
Simple Specifications
Complex Specifications
Combination of Methods
Development of Specifications
Organizational Approaches
Supply Management Research
Writing Specifications
Common Problems
Standardization
History of Standardization
Types and Sources of Standardization
Benefits of Standardization
Simplification
Developing a Standardization Program
Standards Team
Importance of Supply Management
Materials Catalog
Electronic Materials Catalog
VENDOR EVALUATION - RESOURCE MANAGEMENTVismay Shah
This is the PowerPoint presentation for the Vendor Evaluation Topic in the subject of Resource Management. Resource Management is taught as a subject in various fields of engineering and management. I & my group mates have prepared this ppt as a part of our course curriculum in M.tech Construction Engineering & Management.
VENDOR EVALUATION - RESOURCE MANAGEMENTVismay Shah
This is the PowerPoint presentation for the Vendor Evaluation Topic in the subject of Resource Management. Resource Management is taught as a subject in various fields of engineering and management. I & my group mates have prepared this ppt as a part of our course curriculum in M.tech Construction Engineering & Management.
Use content-ready Procurement PowerPoint Presentation Slides to execute the process of acquiring goods and services from an external source via tendering. Meet customers & stakeholders demands, analyse processes, optimize strategies and ultimately reduce procurement costs. Incorporate professionally designed procurement PowerPoint PPT templates to transform your business which bring you benefits. This deck comprises of templates such as procurement strategy structure, procurement steps, procurement workflow process, procurement strategy, approach to procurement, formulating procurement strategy, creating procurement strategy, and more. Use this presentation for purchase planning, value analysis, financing, price negotiation, inventory control and stores, standards determination, etc. These procurement PowerPoint templates are completely customizable. Edit color, text, icon and font size as per your requirement. Add or remove content, if needed. Grab ready-to-use procurement PowerPoint complete presentation to go step by step process of acquiring goods and services from external suppliers. Good expression is guaranteed with our Procurement Powerpoint Presentation Slides. Communication becomes explicitly clear.
The presentation is about procurement and sourcing strategies. The process, types, importance and goals of procurement and sourcing have been discussed briefly.
Training Slides of Supplier Assessment and Performance Measurement, discussing the importance of Suppliers.
For further information regarding the course, please contact:
info@asia-masters.com
www.asia-masters.com
As Procurement organizations optimize and automate sourcing and procurement processes to handle Indirect Spend, there is a renewed focus to extend the same automation to Direct Material Spend. With increased globalization, outsourcing and raw material cost inflation, controlling Direct Material spend is key to driving sustainable savings and improve risk mitigation.
Join this session to hear from Ardent Partners and key Ariba customers who leverage extensive collaboration and automation to capture more direct & indirect spend and drive sustainable savings and risk mitigation in their supply chains.
Use content-ready Procurement PowerPoint Presentation Slides to execute the process of acquiring goods and services from an external source via tendering. Meet customers & stakeholders demands, analyse processes, optimize strategies and ultimately reduce procurement costs. Incorporate professionally designed procurement PowerPoint PPT templates to transform your business which bring you benefits. This deck comprises of templates such as procurement strategy structure, procurement steps, procurement workflow process, procurement strategy, approach to procurement, formulating procurement strategy, creating procurement strategy, and more. Use this presentation for purchase planning, value analysis, financing, price negotiation, inventory control and stores, standards determination, etc. These procurement PowerPoint templates are completely customizable. Edit color, text, icon and font size as per your requirement. Add or remove content, if needed. Grab ready-to-use procurement PowerPoint complete presentation to go step by step process of acquiring goods and services from external suppliers. Good expression is guaranteed with our Procurement Powerpoint Presentation Slides. Communication becomes explicitly clear.
The presentation is about procurement and sourcing strategies. The process, types, importance and goals of procurement and sourcing have been discussed briefly.
Training Slides of Supplier Assessment and Performance Measurement, discussing the importance of Suppliers.
For further information regarding the course, please contact:
info@asia-masters.com
www.asia-masters.com
As Procurement organizations optimize and automate sourcing and procurement processes to handle Indirect Spend, there is a renewed focus to extend the same automation to Direct Material Spend. With increased globalization, outsourcing and raw material cost inflation, controlling Direct Material spend is key to driving sustainable savings and improve risk mitigation.
Join this session to hear from Ardent Partners and key Ariba customers who leverage extensive collaboration and automation to capture more direct & indirect spend and drive sustainable savings and risk mitigation in their supply chains.
Chapter 21 Demand Management and LogisticsTran Thang
The Key to Supply Chain Management
The SCM Triangle
Supply Management
Demand Management
Logistics Management
Evolution to Strategic SCM
Strategic Demand Management
Demand Management Defined
The Bullwhip Effect
Evolution of Strategic Demand
Forecasting Demand
Planning with Time Fences
Implications for Supply Management
Strategic Logistics Management
Logistics Defined
Logistics Role in Supply Chain Management
Chapter 20 Production and Inventory ControlTran Thang
The Fundamentals of Production Planning
Modern Production Planning Systems
Aggregate Planning and Master Scheduling
Material Requirements Planning
Capacity Requirements Planning
Evolution of MRP and MRP II Systems
Impact on Purchasing and Supply
Just-In-Time Production Planning
The Functions of Inventories
Definition of Inventories
Inventory Analysis
Costs Associated with Inventories
Carrying Costs
Acquisition Costs
Economic Order Quantity
Types of Inventory Control Systems
Cyclical or Fixed Order Interval System
The Just-In-Time (JIT) Approach
Material Requirements Planning (MRP) System
Order Point or Fixed Order Quantity System
Chapter 19 Ethics and Social ResponsibilitiesTran Thang
Ethics Defined
Ethics in the Supply Management Context
Professional Purchasing and Supply Management Ethics
Principles and Standards of Purchasing and supply Management Practice
Management Responsibilities
Written Standards
Ethics Training and Education
Departmental Environment
Miscellaneous Factors
Dealing with Gray Areas
The Four Way Test
Social Responsibilities
Chapter 18 Contract and Relationship ManagementTran Thang
Need For Better Contract Management
Pre-award Conference
Monitoring And Controlling Project Progress
Gantt Charts
CPM And PERT
Closed Loop MRP Systems
Monitoring And Controlling Total Supplier Performance
Supplier Performance Evaluation
Motivation
Punishment
Rewards
Assistance
Training
Quality Audits And Procurement System Reviews
Problem Solving
Collaboration
Managing The Relationship
Chapter 17 Contract Formation and Legal IssuesTran Thang
Litigation Prevention
Dispute Resolution
Negotiation
Mediation
Litigation
Arbitration
Courts
Development of Commercial Law
Basic Legal Considerations
The Purchase Contract
Letters of Intent
Special Legal Considerations
Inspection Rights
Rights of Rejection
Title and Risk of Loss
Warranties
Evergreen Contracts
Order Cancellation and Breach of Contract
Liquidated Damages Provision
Special Considerations (cont’d)
JIT Contracts
Honest Mistakes
Patent Infringement
Restraint of Trade Laws
International Considerations
Contracts for the International Sale of Goods
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
Objectives of Negotiation
Quality
Fair and Reasonable Price
On-time Performance
Control
Cooperation
Supplier Relationship Management
When to Negotiate
Supply Management’s Role in Negotiation
The Supply Management Professional Acting Alone
The Supply Management Professional as the Negotiating Team Leader
The Negotiation Process
Preparation
Establishing Objectives
Identify the Desired Type of Relationship
Three Powerful Preparation Activities
Face-to-Face Discussions
Fact Finding
Recess
Narrowing the Differences
Hard Bargaining
Techniques
Universally Applicable Techniques
Transactional Techniques
Collaborative and Alliance Negotiating Techniques
The Debriefing: An Incredible Learning Opportunity
Documentation
Online Negotiation
Negotiating for Price
Price Analysis Negotiation
Cost Analysis Negotiation
Characteristics of a Successful Negotiator
General Economic Considerations
Conditions Of Competition
Variable-Margin Pricing
Product Differentiation
Six Categories Of Cost
Regulation by Competition
Price Analysis
Competitive Price Proposals
Regulated, Catalog, and Market Prices
Internet/e-Procurement
Historical Prices
Independent Cost Estimates
Cost Analysis
Cost Analysis Defined
Capabilities of Management
Efficiency of Labor
Amount and Quality of Subcontracting
Plant Capacity
Sources of Cost Data
Potential Suppliers
Supply Partners
Cost Models
Direct Costs
Direct Labor
Direct Materials
Tooling Costs
Learning Curves
Cumulative Curve and the Unit Curve
Target Cost Estimation
Indirect Costs
Engineering Overhead
Materials Overhead
Manufacturing Overhead
General And Administrative
Selling
Recovering Indirect Costs
Activity-Based Costing
Target Costing
Profit
Total cost of ownership is a philosophy for really understanding all supply chain related costs of doing business with a particular supplier for a particular good or service (Lisa Ellam, May 1999)
Three Components of Total Cost
Acquisition Costs
Ownerships Costs
Post-Ownership Costs
Purchase Price: But One Component of Cost
TCO, Net Present Value Analysis (NPV), and Estimated Costs
The Importance of Total Cost of Ownership in Supply Management
Service Providers
Retail
Manufacturing
Outsourcing: A Growth Industry
Strategic Issues
Core Competencies
Supplier Dominance
The Creation of Strategic Vulnerabilities
The Dangers of Vertical Integration
Horizontal Integration
New Product Development and Outsourcing
Lean Manufacturing
Tactical Decisions
Factors Influencing Make-or-Buy Decisions
Cost Considerations
Time
Capacity
Control of Production and Quality
Business Process Outsourcing
Technology Risk and Maturity
Unreliable Suppliers
Suppliers’ Specialized Knowledge and Research
Small-Volume Requirements
Limited Facilities
Factors Influencing Make-or-Buy Decisions
Cost Considerations
Time
Capacity
Control of Production and Quality
Business Process Outsourcing
Technology Risk and Maturity
Unreliable Suppliers
Suppliers’ Specialized Knowledge and Research
Small-Volume Requirements
Limited Facilities
Factors Continued
Work Force Stability
Multiple-Source Policy
Managerial and Control Considerations
Procurement and Inventory Considerations
Netsourcing
The Volatile Nature of the Make-or-Buy Situation
Dangers of Outsourcing
Administration of Make-or-Buy Activities
Chief Resource Officer
Framework for Outsourcing
Executive Level Involvement
Hidden Opportunities
The Statement of Work
Four Formats for Statements of Work
Planning the Statement of Work
Writing the Statement of Work
Artificial Intelligence
Tips on Writing an Effective S.O.W.
Selecting Service Contractors
Tips from a Professional
The Ideal Services Supplier
Pricing Service Contracts
Professional Services
Technical Services
Operating Services
Third Party Contracts
So, Your Services Contract is About to Expire
Contract Administration
Services Purchases and the Internet
Construction Services
Conventional Method
Design and Build, Agreed Price Method
Design and Build, Cost-Reimbursable Method
Building Team
The Owner as a Contractor
Construction Purchasing Entails Unique Problems
Performance Contracting
The Nuances of Capital Equipment Procurement
Nonrecurring Purchases
Nature and Size of Expenditure
Building the Foundation
Identify the Need for a Procurement
Project Management
Selection of an Equipment Sourcing Team
Build and Train the Team
Identify Objectives and Estimate Cost
Identifying Objectives
Used Equipment
Spares
Estimating Acquisition Costs and TCO
Develop Specifications and Initiate Sourcing, Pricing & TCO
Analysis
Develop Specifications
Sourcing
Develop Updated Acquisition Cost and TCO Estimates
Updated Cost Estimates
Meet Budget and TCO Objectives
Top Management Approval
Negotiation
Leased Equipment
Types of Leases
Factors Favoring Leasing
Factors Weighing Against Leasing
To Lease or to Buy?
Initiate Lease or Contract
Post Award Activities
The Design Process
The Investigation or Concept Formation Phase
The Development Phase
The Production Phase
Value Engineering Vis-à-vis Value Analysis
Engineering Change Management
How to Expand Supply Management's Contributions
Design or Project Teams
Materials Engineers
Co‑location
Buyers Supply Management Professionals Who Interface Successfully with Engineers
A Transformation in Relationships
Types of Buyer-Supplier Relationships
Transactional Relationships
Collaborative and Alliance Relationships
Collaborative Relationships
Supply Alliances
The Supplier's Perspective
Developing and Managing Collaborative and Alliance Relationships
Purchasing Place within the Organization
Where is Purchasing on the Organizational Chart? How it affects their performance.
Tactical vs. Strategic Responsibilities
Where is the focus?
Centralized vs. Decentralized
Who has the authority to make the buy decisions?
A Materials Management Structure
Use of Cross-functional Teams
Chapter 1 The Progression to Professional Supply ManagementTran Thang
Purchasing, Supply Management, and Supply Chain Management Defined
Increasing Importance of Purchased Materials.
Supply Management’s Impact on the Bottom Line
Increased Sales
Faster to Market or Time-Based Competition
Supply Management and Return on Investment
The Progression to Proactive Supply Management
Research report the driver of supply management capability Tran Thang
The main purpose of the paper is to identify the driver factors have effect to supply management capability. Many previous studies involve supply management capability have been mainly concern about general competences and individual skill lists which is considered necessary for the professionals to achieve an efficient procurement system. There are little concentration on the drivers of capability in supply management. This paper point out that if the corporations want to increase supply management capability it is crucial to link the role of purchasing and supply management to the strategy of the corporation, formalize the supply management functions and promote the suppliers network values and suppliers orientation to their business.
[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey through Full Sail University. Below, you’ll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
Business Valuation Principles for EntrepreneursBen Wann
This insightful presentation is designed to equip entrepreneurs with the essential knowledge and tools needed to accurately value their businesses. Understanding business valuation is crucial for making informed decisions, whether you're seeking investment, planning to sell, or simply want to gauge your company's worth.
Premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions for Modern BusinessesSynapseIndia
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2. Key Concepts
• Specifications and Standardization
• Purposes of Specifications
» Collaborative Development
• Categories of Specifications
» Simple Specifications
» Complex Specifications
» Combination of Methods
• Development of Specifications
» Organizational Approaches
» Supply Management Research
» Writing Specifications
» Common Problems
6-2
3. Key Concepts
• Standardization
» History of Standardization
» Types and Sources of Standardization
» Benefits of Standardization
• Simplification
• Developing a Standardization Program
» Standards Team
» Importance of Supply Management
» Materials Catalog
» Electronic Materials Catalog
6-3
4. Specification, Standards and Strategic Supply
Chain Managers
• Strategic Supply Management requires
supply management professionals and
suppliers to be actively involved in the
tactical and strategic development of
specifications and standards to
proactively reduce total costs of products
and services.
6-4
5. Purposes of Specifications
• Communicate what to buy
• Communicate suppliers what is required
• Establish the tangible goods to be provided
• Establish the intangible services to be provided
• Establish the standards for inspections, tests,
and quality checks
• Balance the specification goals of individual
departments, relevant suppliers, desired product
or service performance and cost
6-5
6. Etc.
Quality Goals
Delivery Goals
Department Goals
Company Goals
Balanced Specifications
Etc.
Cost Goals
Cost Goals
Company Goals
Supplier Goals
Considerations in Developing Balanced
Specifications
Figure 6-1
6-6
7. Specifications
Development
Function & Fit
Market Grades
Commercial
Standards
Brand Names
Performance
Samples
Method
& Material
Engineering
Drawings
Design
Specifications
Qualified
Products
Complex
Specs
Simple
Specs
Categories of Specifications
Figure 6-2
6-7
8. Simple Specifications
• Performance Specifications
» ease of preparing the specifications
» assurance of obtaining the precise
performance desired
• Function and Fit Specifications
• Brand or Trade Names
• Samples
• Market Grades
• Qualified Products
6-8
9. Complex versus Simple Specifications
• Complex or detailed specifications are descriptions that
tell the seller exactly what the buyer wants to purchase
• A simple specification for buying ketchup might be “12
ounce plastic bottle of Heinz tomato ketchup”
• In contrast, ketchup specifications become complex if
the actual recipe is given with ingredients and
production procedures
• A complex specification often goes beyond the design
of a product, to include specifications regarding
methodology, packaging, transport, delivery schedules,
warranty and service
6-9
11. Combination of Methods
• Few products are as complex as space
vehicles; nevertheless, an increasing
number of industrial products require two
or more methods of quality descriptions.
6-11
12. Development of Specifications
• Organizational Approaches
• Supply Management Research
• Writing Specifications
• Common Problems
6-12
13. Approaches for Developing Balanced
Specifications
1. Informal Approach
2. Supply Management Coordinator
Approach
3. Early Supply Management Involvement
(EPI)
4. Early Supplier Involvement (ESI)
5. Consensus Development Approach
6. Cross-Functional Approach
6-13
14. Supply Management Research
• Availability of standard products suitable to need
• Terms, conditions, and prices of products
• Applicable trade provisions, restrictions or laws
• Performance characteristics and quality of
available products
• Information on the satisfaction of other users
having similar needs
• Any costs or problems associated with
integration of the item Industry production
practices
• The distribution and support capabilities of
potential suppliers
6-14
15. Writing Specifications
• Design and marketing requirements
• Manufacturing requirements
• Inspection's requirements to test materials
• Stores' requirement to receive, store, issue
material
• Supply management's requirement to procure
material
• Production control's and supply management's
requirement to substitute materials
• The total firm's requirements for suitable quality
at the lowest overall cost
• The total firm's requirement to use commercial
and industrial standard material 6-15
17. Standardization
• A uniform identification that is agreed on
is called a standard
• Two types exist:
» Industrial standardization --- the process of
establishing agreement on uniform
identifications for definite characteristics of
quality, design, performance, quantity, service,
and so on
» Managerial standardization --- deals with such
things as operating practices, procedures, and
systems
6-17
18. History of Standardization
• Eli Whitney
» Muskets for the U.S. Government
• Burning of Baltimore
» Lack of standard fire hose couplings
• Henry Ford
» Assembly line production of automobiles
• Dell
» Delayed customization through modules
6-18
19. Types and Sources of Standards
• Types
» International standards
» Industry or national standards
» Company standards
6-19
20. Types and Sources of Standards
• Sources
» International Organization for Standardization
» National Bureau of Standards
» American National Standards Institute
» American Society for Testing and Materials
» American Society for Quality
» Society of Automotive Engineers
» Society of Mechanical Engineers
» American Institute of Electrical Engineers
» Federal Bureau of Specifications
» National Lumber Manufacturers' Association
6-20
21. Standardization
Enables Mass Production
Enables Customization
Improves Supplier Coordination
Improves Quality
Enables Simplification
Enables Delayed Differentiation
…which reduces…
Inventories & Total Cost
Benefits of Standardization
Figure 6-3
6-21
22. Simplification
• Simplification is a corollary of standardization
• Simplification means reducing the number of standard
items a firm uses in its product design and carries in its
inventory
• Savings result primarily from:
» Reduced inventory investment
» More competitive prices
» Greater quantity discounts
» Reduced clerical costs
» Reduced handling costs
6-22
23. Developing a Standardization Program
• Standards Team
• Importance of Supply Management
• Materials Catalog
» Improved quality
» Reduction in design time
» Reduction of non-standard parts
» Reduction of standard parts
» Reduction of inventory
» Benefits of centralization
• Electronic Materials Catalogs
6-23
24. Concluding Remarks
• Specifications and standardization help
improve quality and value
• They also assist in resolving the design
conflicts
• Balanced specifications contribute to the
viability of the firm’s supply chain
• Standardization helps refine and
streamline systems
• Such refinement should permit the
production of low cost, high quality,
differentiated products that will be
competitive in the global marketplace 6-24