Corrosion is the destruction of metals through reaction with the environment. It can occur in dry or wet environments and causes economic and safety issues. There are two main types of corrosion: general/uniform corrosion, which occurs at the same rate over the entire surface, and localized corrosion, which affects only certain areas. Methods of preventing corrosion include proper material selection, protective coatings like paint and plating, cathodic protection, and design considerations. Non-ferrous metals are metals that do not contain much iron and include aluminum, copper, zinc, and others which are used due to properties like corrosion resistance.
Galvanization or galvanizing is the process of applying a protective zinc coating to steel or iron, to prevent rusting. The most common method is hot-dip galvanizing, in which the parts are submerged in a bath of molten zinc.
Galvanization or galvanizing is the process of applying a protective zinc coating to steel or iron, to prevent rusting. The most common method is hot-dip galvanizing, in which the parts are submerged in a bath of molten zinc.
For construction professionals and sales personnel.
The material will take you through the basics of raw materials and coatings as well as describes how to use them in different applications. After studying the material you will:
* Know the basics of raw materials and coatings
* Know the newest products in coatings
* Get introduced to how different coatings and steel grades are used in construction applications
* Know some technical performance of the coatings
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Strengthening Mechanisms of Metals and alloysDEVINDA MAHASEN
In this presentation, I have explained 4 types of strengthening processes of metals.
Grain-size reduction
Solid-solution alloying
Strain hardening (work hardening or cold working)
Annealing of deformed metals
14 Types of Corrosion explained in an awesome manner
Update 26 June 2019: I have enabled the Download option and now everyone can download the "Types of corrosions" PPT and reuse the slides :) I wish I have done this earlier.
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For construction professionals and sales personnel.
The material will take you through the basics of raw materials and coatings as well as describes how to use them in different applications. After studying the material you will:
* Know the basics of raw materials and coatings
* Know the newest products in coatings
* Get introduced to how different coatings and steel grades are used in construction applications
* Know some technical performance of the coatings
* Get a deeper overview of the two newest coating options
* Get some important tips maintenance-wise
Read more about steel coatings:
ruukki.com/colourcoatedsteels
ruukki.com/metalcoatedsteels
Strengthening Mechanisms of Metals and alloysDEVINDA MAHASEN
In this presentation, I have explained 4 types of strengthening processes of metals.
Grain-size reduction
Solid-solution alloying
Strain hardening (work hardening or cold working)
Annealing of deformed metals
14 Types of Corrosion explained in an awesome manner
Update 26 June 2019: I have enabled the Download option and now everyone can download the "Types of corrosions" PPT and reuse the slides :) I wish I have done this earlier.
Follow my blogs at https://www.geekdashboard.com/
Corrosion and Its Types (Basic Chemistry - B.Tech / B.E. ))Afzal Imam
Corrosion is a process that occurs and encountered by us in our everyday lives. This presentation gives a basic idea about the process of corrosion. However, it is not in any way similar to the textbook knowledge provided by our schools and curriculum during high school years. This is designed to explain and clarify the concepts of corrosion to its viewers.
This presentation focuses on the topic of "Corrosion" in the subject basic chemistry usually taught in 1st or 2nd semester during B.Tech / B.E. courses. Other than the fact that this presentation is detailed oriented, this document can also be viewed for general information purposes as it is designed and explained in the simplest terms possible. Attractive and illustrative images are also used for the user to be able easily and quickly grasp the concept.
Different types of corrosion observed in our surroundings, Causes and Prevent...Saad Bin Hasan
Different types of corrosion observed in our surroundings
Uniform Corrosion
Corrosion Erosion
Galvanic Corrosion
Causes and Prevention
practical example
This topic describes two main categories of corrosion. It also explains the electrochemical corrosion phenomena and the differences between the types of corrosion. This topic also states the corrosion preventive steps.
Corrosion: Definition and significance of corrosion, mechanism of chemical (dry) and
electrochemical (wet) corrosion, galvanic corrosion, concentration corrosion and pitting
corrosion. Protection from corrosion; protective coatings-galvanization and tinning, cathodic
protection, sacrificial anode modifications in design.
When you design your product, you put a lot of money, energy and consideration into achieving the best possible function, good appearance and high reliability. Corrosion, wear and fatigue resistance may not be the first factors you consider.
However, material selection is crucial to obtain a long service life and to avoid damage such as operation failure – for instance due to inadequate mechanical strength - or unacceptable appearance due to corrosion products.
If you choose the correct materials for your product from the beginning, you can prevent damage deriving from corrosion, wear and mechanical impact. In many cases, you may completely avoid corrosion by choosing a resistant material for its actual application environment.
a natural process that converts a refined metal into a more chemically stable form such as oxide, hydroxide, carbonate or sulfide. It is the gradual destruction of materials (usually a metal) by chemical and/or electrochemical reaction with their environment.
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It is crucial for the taxpayers to understand about the TDS Return Filing Due Date, so that they can fulfill your TDS obligations efficiently. Taxpayers can avoid penalties by sticking to the deadlines and by accurate filing of TDS. Timely filing of TDS will make sure about the availability of tax credits. You can also seek the professional guidance of experts like Legal Pillers for timely filing of the TDS Return.
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
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A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
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Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
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Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
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Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
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Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
As a business owner in Delaware, staying on top of your tax obligations is paramount, especially with the annual deadline for Delaware Franchise Tax looming on March 1. One such obligation is the annual Delaware Franchise Tax, which serves as a crucial requirement for maintaining your company’s legal standing within the state. While the prospect of handling tax matters may seem daunting, rest assured that the process can be straightforward with the right guidance. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll walk you through the steps of filing your Delaware Franchise Tax and provide insights to help you navigate the process effectively.
[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
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Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
Accpac to QuickBooks Conversion Navigating the Transition with Online Account...PaulBryant58
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It is a sample of an interview for a business english class for pre-intermediate and intermediate english students with emphasis on the speking ability.
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Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
Unveiling the Secrets How Does Generative AI Work.pdfSam H
At its core, generative artificial intelligence relies on the concept of generative models, which serve as engines that churn out entirely new data resembling their training data. It is like a sculptor who has studied so many forms found in nature and then uses this knowledge to create sculptures from his imagination that have never been seen before anywhere else. If taken to cyberspace, gans work almost the same way.
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"𝑩𝑬𝑮𝑼𝑵 𝑾𝑰𝑻𝑯 𝑻𝑱 𝑰𝑺 𝑯𝑨𝑳𝑭 𝑫𝑶𝑵𝑬"
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 (𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
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India Orthopedic Devices Market: Unlocking Growth Secrets, Trends and Develop...
Chapter 5
1.
2. Corrosion can occur in a gaseous environment (dry corrosion) or a wet environment (wet corrosion).
3.
4.
5. This type of attack is mostly found where a metal is in contact with an acid, a humid atmosphere or in a solution.
6.
7.
8. 5.2.1 Galvanic Corrosion Occur when 2 different metals are electrically connected in the same electrolyte. The less active (more noble) metal corrodes slower and will be protected. The galvanic series will predict which metal will corrode. The galvanic series is similar to the “emf” but is for alloys in real environment.
9.
10.
11. 5.2.2 Crevice Corrosion Crevice corrosion occurs at shielded areas that contain small volume of aqueous solution. Crevice can be a hole, a space between the surface and a poorly adherent coating. Principle : 1. Liquid entry but stagnant 2. Corrosion rate of crevice is higher than that on bulk (outside) 3. Crevice corrosion is initiated by changes in local chemistry within the crevice; i. Depletion of oxygen in the crevice ii. Depletion of inhibitor in the crevice
12. Oxygen concentration can develop when there is a difference in oxygen concentration on a moist surface of a metal that can be oxidized. Example : 1. a drop of water/ moisture on the surface 2. the oxygen concentration are lesser on the surface 3. the surface that low in oxygen concentration are cathodic 4. the surface that has higher oxygen concentration are anodic 5. because there is anodic and cathodic, the surface below the water drop are corroded (anodic) 6. the water drop act as electrolyte Usually occurs at a bad gasket pipe flange, under bolt head and connections that soaked in liquid.
13. 5.2.3 Intergranular Corrosion Is a localised attack along the grain boundaries, or immediately adjacent to grain boundaries, while the bulk of the grains remain largely unaffected. It is occur when different potential between atoms at the grain-boundaries and create the boundaries of anode and cathode. It is usually starts from the surface and accelerates internally causing by bad internal structure.
14. 5.2.4 Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) It is refers to cracking caused by the combined effects of tensile stress and specific corrosion environment acting on the metal. Usually occurs in alloys not in pure metals and in certain environment, examples : copper cracked in ammonia or aluminium alloy cracked in chloride solubility. The stress in the materials must has its compressive component and the presence of both stress and corrosion environment which causing the cracks to form and spread. The stress corrosion cracking usually occurs between crystals.
15. 5.3 Corrosion Control Cathodic protection is the protection of a metal by connecting it to a sacrificial anode or by impressing a direct current voltage to make it a cathode. Anodic protection is the protection of a metal which forms a passive film by the application of an externally impressed anodic current. Example (steel hulls of ships adjacent to the bronze propellers) : i. steel is an anode and bronze is a cathode and both are in sea-water which act as electrolyte ii. the steel (hulls) will be corroded because of its anodic, so a more anodic material than steel and bronze is used as corrosion sacrificial which it is zinc iii. zinc blocks are fitted to hulls so that the electrochemical corrosion process will occur only to the zinc iv. the zinc blocks must be replace time to time because its worn out of corrosion as shown below
16. 5.4 Material Selection There are few combination between metal and good corroded environment and economical are shown below : i. stainless steel – nitrite acid ii. nickel and alloy nickel – caustic iii. monel – hydrofluoric acid iv. hastelloi (chlorimet) – hot hydrochloric acid v. plumbum – liquidifysulphuric acid vi. aluminium – unpolluted atmosphere exposion vii. tin – distillation water viii. titanium – hot oxidation liquid ix. tantalum – definite resistant x. steel – sulphuric acid
17. 5.5 Coating Plastic and oil are non metal material use mainly for coatings. Metallic coatings which differ from the metal to be protected are applied as thin coatings to separate the corrosive environment from the metal. Metal coatings are sometimes applied so that they can serve as sacrificial anodes which can corrode instead of the underlying metal. Metallic coatings : 1. Noble coating it is a coating where higher potential electrode compared to the base metal will be protected. base metal coating such as cuprum, nickel and chromium as the coating and entering the holes in material. it cannot protect the base metal if there is holes in the coating because the base metal will become anode
18. 2. Sacrificial coating the base metal protected by sacrifice it and the coated acts as anode the organic and inorganic material are used to protect the surface from contacting with oxygen or giving the basic protection by coated with stable material which cannot be penetrated by humidity/ moisture organic coating such as paint, tar, oil and varnish inorganic coating is enamel, plastic. Plastic is the main inorganic materials used as coating by hot dipping and spraying of corrosion resistant material
19. 5.6 Design Designing rules : 1. considering corrosion penetration with the need of mechanical strength when determining the thickness of a metal used. It is important for piping and tank with liquid contents 2. welding is better than riveting for contena to reduce crevice corrosion. 3. use one type of material only for the whole structure to prevent galvanic corrosion. 4. avoid extra stress and stress concentration in corroded environment to prevent from crack-stress corrosion. Sharp edges of component need to be avoided because it can caused the stress 5. designing simple attachable system or changeable component if predicted it is easier to break or fail in the service
20. 5.7 Painting Paint the surface of metal to avoid corroded material from contacting the surface. Paint may be applied by brushing, spraying and dipping. It may be dried naturally or by stoving. 5.8 Electroplate Metal Electroplating is the process of using electrical current to reduce cations of a desired material from a solution and coat a conductive object with a thin layer of the material such as a metal using electrolysis. Electroplating and metal finishing processes include copper plating, nickel plating, zinc plating, silver plating, tin plating, brass plating, cadmium and chrome finishes. Metals plated include brass, copper, bronze, chrome, nickel, and black nickel, silver and gold.
21. The process : i. the metal/ components to be plated are immersed in a solution called electrolyte ii. electrolyte allows the passage of an electric current iii. the parts that require coating, are then placed in the solution and given a negative charge/ terminal (as cathode) iv. anodes are connected to the positive terminal v. upon the passage of an electric current metal ions are transferred from the electrolyte onto the surface of the cathode Electroplating allows for increased corrosion resistance, scratch resistance, decorative finishes and high temperature protection. Examples : tin plating and tin alloys for food container and food contact applications.
22. 5.9 Oxide Layers Oxide layers such as zinc oxide and aluminium. It is higher in density and therefore preventing the oxygen and water from corrode the metal. The oxide layers also used as electroplating for metal products. Example : zinc oxide layers for steel roofs manufacturing. 5.10 Alloys A metal alloy is a combination of two or more metals or a metal and a nonmetal. Alloys are made to improved corrosion resistance. Steels usually alloyed with chromium and manganese to gain stainless steel.
23. 5.11 Non-Ferrous Metal Metals and alloys are commonly divided into these classes : 1. ferrous metals : that contain a large percentage of iron 2. non-ferrous metals : that does not contain iron or only a relatively small amount of iron 3. a metal alloy : is a combination of two or more metals or a metal and a nonmetal Common non-ferrous metals used in engineering are : Aluminium b) Silver (Argentum)c) Copper (Cuprum) d) Plumbum/ Leade) Tin (Stanum)f) Nickel g) Zinc h) Chromium i) Gold (Aurum) j) Molybdenum k) Magnesium l) Cobalt m) Manganese Main properties of non-ferrous metals : 1. low strenght 2. good thermal and electric conductivity 3. free from magnetic field 4. high corrosion resistance 5. easier in manufacturing
24. 5.11.1 Types of Non-Ferrous Metals, Physical Properties, Mechanic Properties and the Applications Refer table given: