1. CHAPTER 5
The Facilitating
Sectors

2. Chapter Objectives
After complete this chapter ,the readers should be
able to:
 Describe the strategic role and significance of travel
agencies, guidebooks, outbound tour operators, air
carriers, cruise ship and hospitality sector
 Identify pattern of sustainability related practices
within featured sectors of the tourism industry
 Discuss the opportunities and obstacles faced by
each sectors in pursuit of sustainability.

3. Introduction
 Sustainable tourism is an important objective of
government and international organization;
 Conventional tourism industry imitate to
alternative tourism by sustainability agenda;
 Green consumers and green tourists indicate a
social paradigm shift.

4. Travel Agencies
 Travel agencies operate in origin
regions and provide a combination of
retail service such as carriers, car
rentals, tour operators and
accommodations on a commission
basis.
 Travel agencies foster sustainability
throughout the tourism system by
providing information about
appropriate behavior, green tourism
businesses/products and giving
preferential exposure to the latter.

5. Sustainability initiatives
 ASTA(American Society of Travel Agents)
focuses on tourists responsibilities, tourists' right,
avoidance risk and hot destination;
 US based travel agency, the World Travel Club,
marketing seeks to offset the greenhouse gas
emissions of travellers by investing in the
installation of natural gas boiler to reduce the
emissions.
 Also, the club attempts to establish connections
with environmentally friendly tourism related
business and donate 1% of revenue to

6. Sustainability initiatives
 Internet technologies allows travel
agencies to incorporate with green
products and organizations;
 Tradition face to face as an
opportunity to work in highly
personalized way with clients on
more complex specialized
purchases.
E.g. extended long haul vacation or
occasion travel for wedding or
anniversaries.

7. Specialized merchandise:
guidebooks
There are:
 Guidebooks
 Luggage
 Backpacks
 Post cards
 Souvenirs etc.
Guidebooks are established component of
alternative tourism, responsible or sustainable
tourism.
E.g. Footprint Caribbean Islands

8. Outbound tour operators
Outbound tour operators situated in origin
region, make contracts with:
Airlines
Inbound tour operators
Compile package tours
Organize travel groups
Arrange travel schedules

9.  Sustainability related sentiment and
practices
 Direction of sustainability among some segments
of the outbound tour operator industry:
• International Federation of Tour Operators; proactive
environmental and social action
• Germany-based TUI; sustainability product quality
long-term survival
• UK-based outbound operator; sustainability
awareness and practices

10.  Sustainability related sentiment and
practices
 Most prevalent practices cited by
respondents include:
 Provision of ecotrip in brochures
 Donating to local charities
 Supporting research related to
sustainability
 Promoting green holiday
 Lobbying in destination to improve
infrastructure
 Recycling brochure
 Selecting tour guide from the local

11.  Tour Operators Initiative for
Sustainable Tourism Development
 Europe played a leadership role in the Tour
Operator Initiative(TOI) for sustainable Tourism
Development;
 In cooperation with the Global Reporting Initiative,
the TOI is developing an extensive set of coded
indicators that are relevant specifically to the
outbound tour operator sector;
 Indicators are grouped into categories that include
product management and development, supply
chain management and cooperation with
destination.

12. Transportation providers
Issued related to
sustainability include:
• The extraction and production
of fossil fuels to meet tourism-
related demand;
• Atmospheric and other
pollution (noise, visual);
• The consumption of fuel and
non-fuel natural resources in
the production and
maintenance of vessels used
to transport tourists;

13. Transportation providers
(cont.)
• The provision of supporting
infrastructure, services and facilities
such as road, airport,
accommodation, airport
concentration;
• Parking garages;
• Problem of traffic congestion and
safety.

14.  Airlines
 Sustainable forms of transportation, dramatic
increase in the volume of air traffic during the
latter half of 21th century;
 Commercial airline, 4% of all atmospheric carbon
dioxide ozone depletion and nitrogen oxide
emission, contribute to global warming;
 Airline industry implicated as a major contributor
to stratospheric ozone depletion, while inflight
services generate large volumes of solid waste

15.  Airlines
o Airline industry
enforced through the
ICAO’s committee on
Aviation Environmental
Protection, include
standards
environmental impact
reduction.
Airport
issue
Congestio
n
Noise
Elevated
pollution
Water
pollution
Increased
crowded

16.  Cruise ships
A reputation for irresponsible environmental and
social practices of Cruise Ship industry:
Unusual nature of activities; transportation, accommodation, hospitality and
attraction
High levels of pollution, congestion and waste
Waste and congestion levels
Reducing economic benefits to the broader local community
Flags of convenience, avoid corporate taxes
Globalized sector cannot be easily regulated or policed
Fostering bad environmental track record, release toxic wastes

17.  Sustainability initiatives
 International Council of Cruise Lines initiates
Cruise Industry Waste Practices and Procedures
programme;
 US Environmental Protection Agency applied to
engage in international commerce:
 Marine Sanitation Device,
 Discharge black water,
 Environmental awareness training,
 Aggressive recycling,
 Process cruise ship wastes
 And testing of waste treatment technologies.

18.  Sustainability initiatives
 In 2003, Ocean Conversation and Tourism
Alliance partnership with Conservation
International with
 Protect biodiversity of cruise destination
 Improve waste water management
 Protect historical and natural resources, partner
with destination group
 Promoting environmental awareness among staff
and tourists.

19. Hospitality providers
Hospitality sector influence over destination
sustainability;
The decision of build, type, size of hotel influence
the type, number and their activities;
Hotel provide the visible evidence, easily
overwhelm the local places if designed and
situated insensitively;
Hospitality sector, enormous consume resources
and produce wasted.
Large block of accommodation, integrated resort
enclaves, internalize tourist activities and

20. Pioneering sustainable
tourism
Inter-continental Hotel and resort positioned
environmental ethics at the core business
principles;
International Hotel Environment Initiative, the
largest hotel chains as one of the first formal
organization-wide sustainability programs within
tourism;
 Magazine Green Hotelier
 Guide environmental best practices for hotel
 Web-best benchmarking tool to assess and improve
environmental performance

21. Discussion Question