INTRODUCTION TO THE
HUMAN BODY
ANATOMY is the study of the structure of the
body and of the relationship of its constituent
parts to each other.
In regional anatomy a geographical study is
made and each region, e.g., arm, leg, head,
chest, etc., is found to consist of a number of
structures common to all regions such as bones,
muscles, nerves, blood vessels and so on.
From this study it follows that a number of
different systems exist.
This presentation is useful for all the paramedic students, especially for nursing students for clear idea about Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology for Nurses,
Presentation contains all the below subtopics:
Father of Anatomy
Meaning of Anatomy
Meaning of Physiology
Subdivision of Anatomy
Subdivision of Physiology
Branches of Anatomy
Gross Anatomy
Microscopic Anatomy
Neuro anatomy
Developmental Anatomy
Division of anatomy and physiology into major body system
Twelve major body systems of Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomy and Physiology; Introduction to the human bodyJames H. Workman
A&P terminology introduced, a brief history of the study of anatomy, body systems, life processes, homeostasis, positive and negative feedback systems, directional terms and regions of the body terminology are introduced
INTRODUCTION TO THE
HUMAN BODY
ANATOMY is the study of the structure of the
body and of the relationship of its constituent
parts to each other.
In regional anatomy a geographical study is
made and each region, e.g., arm, leg, head,
chest, etc., is found to consist of a number of
structures common to all regions such as bones,
muscles, nerves, blood vessels and so on.
From this study it follows that a number of
different systems exist.
This presentation is useful for all the paramedic students, especially for nursing students for clear idea about Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology for Nurses,
Presentation contains all the below subtopics:
Father of Anatomy
Meaning of Anatomy
Meaning of Physiology
Subdivision of Anatomy
Subdivision of Physiology
Branches of Anatomy
Gross Anatomy
Microscopic Anatomy
Neuro anatomy
Developmental Anatomy
Division of anatomy and physiology into major body system
Twelve major body systems of Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomy and Physiology; Introduction to the human bodyJames H. Workman
A&P terminology introduced, a brief history of the study of anatomy, body systems, life processes, homeostasis, positive and negative feedback systems, directional terms and regions of the body terminology are introduced
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Human anatomy and physiology parts 2
1. Anatomy and Physiology by: MARNIE G. SARONO (a)
2. OBJECTIVES: General Objective: Within 3 successive periods, the second year students will be able to gain knowledge about human anatomy and physiology as well as identify the body parts and its functions at 70% level of accuracy.
3. Specific Objectives: Cognitive: The second year students will be able to: c. Differentiate anatomy and physiology of the human body d. List the different systems in the human body e. Describe the functions of the different systems of the body f. Illustrate the anatomy of each body system
4. Affective: The second year students will be able to: c. Share the importance of human anatomy and physiology d. Synthesize the connection of one body system
Human Anatomy and Physiology : Introduction
PCI Syllabus, B. Pharmacy, BP101T
Session III
Levels of Structural Organization.
Anatomical Nomenclature.
Anatomical terms and their meaning
Human Anatomy and Physiology are the branches of biology that concerns with forms (structures) and functions of human body. ANATOMY- Study of structure of whole body and individual parts (organs) and their correlation with each other.
Medical coding training with Job Assistancepoojitha pooja
Medical Coding is the coding of different diseases like healthcare diagnosis, procedures and medical services etc. to enable doctors and hospitals to get their money from the insurance companies.
Now Clinizen is providing high-quality Medical coding services like medical coding, medical billing, CPC training with Certification and medical Coding Online training from experienced real-time Faculty with Guaranteed job assistance.
Clinizen training Highlights:
24*7 Guidance Support
Live Projects With Real-Time Experts
100% jOB support
Internship Program On Live Projects at work Location
Lab Facility
For More Details:
Contact Information
Mobile no: +91 9000031033 , 8977070234
Published in: Health & Medicine
0 Comments
0 Likes
0 Downloads
Statistics
Notes
zeeshanazmi069
Share your thoughts…
Be the first to comment
Human anatomy and physiology parts 2
1. Anatomy and Physiology by: MARNIE G. SARONO (a)
2. OBJECTIVES: General Objective: Within 3 successive periods, the second year students will be able to gain knowledge about human anatomy and physiology as well as identify the body parts and its functions at 70% level of accuracy.
3. Specific Objectives: Cognitive: The second year students will be able to: c. Differentiate anatomy and physiology of the human body d. List the different systems in the human body e. Describe the functions of the different systems of the body f. Illustrate the anatomy of each body system
4. Affective: The second year students will be able to: c. Share the importance of human anatomy and physiology d. Synthesize the connection of one body system
Human Anatomy and Physiology : Introduction
PCI Syllabus, B. Pharmacy, BP101T
Session III
Levels of Structural Organization.
Anatomical Nomenclature.
Anatomical terms and their meaning
Human Anatomy and Physiology are the branches of biology that concerns with forms (structures) and functions of human body. ANATOMY- Study of structure of whole body and individual parts (organs) and their correlation with each other.
Introduction to human body, Definition of anatomy and physiology and its branches, Levels of Structural Organization like Chemical level,
Cellular level, Tissue level, Organ level, Organ system level, Organismal level. Systems Of The Human Body like Integumentary System/ Exocrine System, Skeletal System, Muscular System, Nervous System, Endocrine system,
Cardiovascular system/circulatory system, Lymphatic system and immunity system,
Respiratory system,
Digestive system,
Urinary system and renal system,
Reproductive system and its structure and functions.
Characteristics of the living human organism, Basic life processes like Metabolism, Responsivenes, Movement, Growth, Differentiation, Reproduction. Homeostasis and Feedback system and its three basic components: Sensor, control center and an effector. Anatomical terminology like prone and supine position. Regional names lie Head, neck, trunk, upper and lower limbs.
Directional terms like Anterior and posterior. Planes and Sections like Sagittal plane, midsagittal or median plane, parasagittal, Frontal plane, Transverse or horizontal plane, Body Cavity like ventral and dorsal cavity, thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity, cranial cavity and spinal cavity. Serous membrane like Parietal layer Visceral layer.
Abdominopelvic region and quadrants: four quadrants and nine areas like right upper, right lower, left upper, and left lower quadrants and the right hypochondriac, right lumbar, right illiac, epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric (or pubic), left hypochondriac, left lumbar, and left illiac divisions.
ANATOMY
Anatomy is the study of the structure or morphology of the body and the physical relationship between body parts.
PHYSIOLOGY
Physiology is the study of the functions of body parts, what they do, and how they do it.
Within the body, there are different levels of structural organization and complexity.
1. Chapter 4: Body Structure Chapter Overview Levels of Organization (Cell, Tissue, Organ, System, Organism) Anatomical position Planes of the body Body cavities Abdominopelvic divisions Quadrants Regions Spine Directional terms Pathology This chapter presents the basic structure and functions in the body, the terms used to describe planes of the body, it’s cavities, the quadrants & regions of the abdominal cavity, and the divisions of the spinal column; to provide a greater understand of the general concepts of pathology (thestudy of the nature of diseases, their causes, development, and consequences).
2. Levels of Organization Our bodies are made up of many different levels of structure and function, some are more complex than others. Listed below, from least to most complex, are the levels of organization that make up our body systems. 1.) Cell 2.) Tissue 3.) Organ 4.) System 5.) Organism
3. 1.) Cell:The structural and functional unit of life. The study of the body at the cellular level is called cytology. A cell consist of the following: Cell membrane:acts as a barrier that encloses the entire cell. It controls the transport of many substances to and from the cell. Cytoplasm:a jellylike matrix of proteins, salts, water, dissolved gases, and nutrients. Inside the cytoplasm are various structures called organelles that provide socialized functions for the cell. Nucleus: is the largest cell organelle and it is responsible for metabolism, growth, and reproduction. It carries the genetic blueprint of the organism and is found in a complex molecule called DNA that is organized into a threadlike structure called chromatin. When a cell prepares to divide, chromatin forms chromosomes, which carry thousands of genes that become our genetic blueprint. Deoxyribonucleicacid Genes pass biological information from one generation to the next. This biological info. includes traits like hair color, body structure, and metabolic activity. All cells in the human body, except sperm cells and egg cells contain 23 pairs, or 46 chromosomes. Sperm and egg cells each have 23 unpaired chromosomes. After fertilization, each cell of the embryo then has all 46 chromosomes.
4. 2.) Tissue: Groups of cells that perform a specialized activity.The study of tissues is called histology. More than 200 cell types make up four major tissues of the body; they are as follows: Epithelial tissue: is composed of cells arranged in a continuous sheet consisting of one or more layers. Connective tissue: supports and connects other tissues and organs. Muscle tissue: provides the contractile tissue of the body, which is responsible for movement. Nervous tissue: transmits electrical impulses as it relays information throughout the entire body. This type of tissue covers surfaces of organs, lines cavities and canals, forms tubes and ducts, provides the secreting portions of glands, and makes up the epidermis of the skin. This type of tissue is made up of diverse cell types, including fibroblasts, fat cells, and blood. This type of tissue transmits information throughout the body that allows us to move, think, taste, see and experience all functions associated with being alive.
8. 5.) Organism: The highest level of organization is the organism. An organism is a complete living entity capable of independent existence. All complexorganisms, including humans, are made up of several body systems that work together to sustain life. The human body is an organism. The systems that keep us functioning are complex and must maintain a proper balance to continue to perform successfully. There are 10 different body systems including the special senses that keep our bodies going. These systems are: 1.) Integumentary system 2.) Digestive system 3.) Respiratory system 4.) Cardiovascular system 5.) Blood, Lymph, and Immune systems 6.) Musculoskeletal systems 7.) Genitourinary systems 8.) Female Reproductive systems 9.) Endocrine systems 10.)Nervous systems Special senses
9. Anatomical Position Anatomical Position:is a body posture used to locate anatomical parts in relation to each other. The body is erect and the eyes are looking forward. The upper limbs hang to the sides, with the palms facing forward. The lower limbs are parallel, with toes pointing straight ahead. No matter how the body is actually positioned– standing or lying down, facing forward or backward– or how the limbs are actually placed,the positions and relationships of a structure are always described as if the body were in anatomical position.
10. Planes of the body Planes of the body: are identified by anatomists by the use of an imaginary flat surface called a plane. The most commonly used planes are midsagittal(median), coronal (frontal), and transverse (horizontal). Because of the advancement in imaging techniques; we have current imaging procedures, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). These procedures can produce three-dimensional images on more than one plane. Making it easier to find and identify structural abnormalities in the body.
11. Body Cavities Body Cavities: Medical professionals locate structures or abnormalities by referring to the body cavity in which they are found. The body has two major cavities. 1.) Dorsal (posterior), including the cranial and spinal cavities. 2.) Ventral (anterior), including the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
12. Abdominopelvic divisions Abdominopelvic divisions: The abdominopelvic area of the body lies beneath the diaphragm. It holds the organs of digestion (abdominal area) and the organs of reproduction and excretion (pelvic area). Two anatomical methods are used to divide this area of the body for medical purposes: Quadrants and Regions. Quadrants: Four divisions of the lower torso used to show topographical location. Regions: Primarily used to identify the location of underlying body structures and visceral organs. (p.46-text)
13. Quadrants Quadrants: are four divisions of the lower torso used to show topographical location. They provide a means of locating specific sites for descriptive and diagnostic purposes. The divisions of quadrants are used in clinical examinations and medical reports. An imaginary cross passing through the navel identifies the four quadrants. Right upper Quadrant Left upper Quadrant *Remember: Quadrants are primarily used to identify topical sites. Right lower Quadrant Left lower Quadrant
14. Regions Abdominopelvic Regions: are primarily used to identify the location of underlying body structures and visceral organs. An example: the stomach is located in the left hypochondriac and epigastric region. Epigastric region Left hypochondriac region Right hypochondriac region Another example: the appendix is located in the hypogastric region of the body. Right lumbar region Umbilical region Left lumbar region Right inguinal (iliac) region Hypogastric region Left inguinal (iliac) region
15. Spine Spine: The spine is divided into sections corresponding to the vertebrae located in the spinal column. These divisions are: Cervical (neck) Thoracic (chest) Lumbar (loin) Sacral (lower back) Coccyx (tailbone) (p. 275-text)
16. Directional terms Directional terms: are used to show the position of a structure in relation to another structure. For example, the kidneys are superior to the urinary bladder. The directional phrase superior todenotes above.
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19. Pathology Pathology: as a branch of medicine includes the use of laboratory methods rather than clinical examination of signs and symptoms to study the causes, nature, and development of diseases. Besides oxygen and nutrients, all body cells need a stable internal environment that provides a narrow range of temperature, water, acidity, and salt concentration. A disruption in homeostasis causes cells, tissues, organs or systems to become non-functional or work less effectively. Once this happens, the condition is then called a disease. This stable internal environment is called homeostasis.
20. Pathology Signs: are objectiveindicators that are observable. Symptoms: are subjective and are experienced only by the patient. Clinical findings: are the results of radiographic, laboratory, and other medical procedures performed on the patient or their specimens. Possible causes of diseases include: Metabolic (diabetes) Infectious (measles or mumps) Congenital (cleft lip) Hereditary (hemophilia) Environmental (burns or trauma) Neoplastic (cancer) Diseaseis a pathological or morbid condition that presents a group of signs, symptoms, and clinical findings. Etiology is the study of the cause or origin of a disease or disorder.
21. Pathology Diagnosis (Dx): is establishing the cause and nature of a disease. Prognosis: is the prediction of the course of a disease and its probable outcome. Idiopathic: is a disease with no known cause. Diagnostic procedures are used to identify diseases and determine their extent or involvement. Diagnostic procedurescan be simple or complex and many procedures can be categorized as surgical, clinical, endoscopic, laboratory, and radiological.