1. The document provides information about the composition of matter including elements, atoms, bonds, and chemical reactions. It defines key concepts such as elements, atoms, ions, ionic and covalent bonds. 2. It explains that atoms are made up of protons, neutrons and electrons and that chemical bonds form when atoms share or transfer electrons. Ionic bonds form through electron transfer between metals and nonmetals while covalent bonds form through electron sharing. 3. It discusses energy and chemical reactions, noting that chemical reactions require energy to occur and can release or absorb energy. Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between reactants.

1. Chapter 2 Note-taking Guide and Organizer
Name________________Date___________Mod__________
Remember to keep your periodic table with your notes at all times!
Composition of Matter
Matter is anything that occupies ________________ and has ______________.
_______________ is the quantity of _________________ an object has.
_______________ And ________________ are different.
________________ depends on the amount of __________________.
You would ______________ less on the moon than on earth but have the same
___________________.
http://www.exploratorium.edu/ronh/weight/
What is matter?
Check off everything you believe is matter.
Air darkness water
Light heat cold
Smoke sound jello
human
Check your answers.
Element
An _________________ is a pure substance that cannot be ___________________ into
simpler kinds of ________________.
Each element has a different __________________________________.

2. More than _____________________________ have been identified.
More than _______________________ of the mass of living things is composed of
_____________________, ________________________,
_____________________________ and ______________________________.
Atoms
An ___________________ is the simplest part of an element that retains the
_______________________ of that element.
The properties of _____________________ determine how the element will
_____________________ in nature.
An atom consists of ___________________ parts.
The _________________________ contains ____________________ and
_________________________.
___________________________ float around the outside of the
__________________________.
The number of _______________________ is called the ______________________.
Protons are charged _________________________, electrons are
__________________________ and neutrons are neutral or __________________
charge.
Draw a picture of an atom below.

3. Atomic Particle Table
Name of Particle Location Charge Related Info
Electrons
____________________ are responsible for making __________________.
Electrons are set in different layers called _______________________.
Each level can hold up to ___________________ electrons except the innermost level
which can only hold _______________.
Compounds
A ____________________ is a pure substance made up of ______________ or more
______________________.
A ____________________ shows what elements and how many are in a
____________________.
An atom is chemically _________________ when its outer shell has _____________
electrons with the exception of ___________________ and ____________________.
That is why elements ____________________ together.

4. When elements bond together they create a
_______________________________________ which makes the atoms happy and
____________________.
Write some examples of chemical formulas. How do you read a chemical formula?
Covalent bonds
_______________________ form when atoms __________________ one or more
________________ of electrons.
This usually happens between _________________________.
A ______________________ is formed when a ___________________________ is
used.
Examples are:
Draw some examples of covalent bonds below.
Water

5. Ionic Bonds
________________________ form when one atom ______________________________
from itself to another _________________.
When this occurs, an _________________ is formed.
________________________ usually happen between a ___________________ and a
________________________.
Draw some pictures of ionic bonds below.
Sodium chloride (table salt) (NaCl)

6. Energy and Matter
______________________ is the ability to do __________________ or cause
___________________.
_____________________ is the energy in a system available for __________________.
There are ________________ main states of matter.
They are:
Energy and Chemical Reactions
Living things undergo ______________________ of _________________________ as
part of their life processes.

7. The ______________________ are shown on the __________________ of the equation.
The __________________ are shown on the ____________________.
_________________________ are converted to __________________________.
______________________ is required for the ____________________________ to
occur.
How can you recognize a chemical reaction?
Circle the reaction if you think it is a chemical reaction. All others are physical
reactions. Think: Are you changing one thing to another thing?
Breaking glass ice pack rusting car
Frying an egg burning a match boiling water
Shaking a pop hand warmers chopping veggies
Freezing water cooking macaroni baking a cake
Energy Transfer
___________________________ that release energy are called
_____________________ reactions.
Chemical reactions that _____________________ energy are called
_________________________ reactions.
Both ______________________ and _______________________ reactions require
energy to start the process.
This is called ____________________________.
Certain chemicals called _____________________, reduce the amount of
___________________energy required.
The reaction happens ________________________.

8. One ____________________ in the body is called an _______________________.
Draw an example of catalysts decreasing activation energy.
Redox reactions
Many ______________________ that help ____________________________ in living
things involve the transfer of _________________________.
These are called __________________________________________________- reactions
or ____________________ reactions.
In _________________________, a reactant loses one or more
_____________________, making it a ___________________________________.
In _____________________________, a reactant gains one or more
____________________________ making it more _____________________.
There is always an atom that is _______________________ and an atom that is
_______________________.
Solutions
A __________________ is a mixture in which one or more substances is
_______________________ distributed in another substance.

9. A solution has ___________________ parts.
The ____________________ is the substance dissolved in the solution.
The ___________________ is the substance in which the ___________________ in
dissolved.
The ____________________ is the measurement of the amount of
____________________ dissolved in the ___________________.
A __________________________________ is one in which no more
__________________ can dissolve.
__________________________ are solutions in which water is the
______________________. These are very _____________________.
Acids and Bases
__________________ is the _________________ apart of _______________.
When water breaks, ____________ things are made.
The hydroxide ion is ________________.
The hydrodium ion is __________________.
If the number of ______________________ ions is greater than the number of
____________________ions, the solution is an acid.
Sometimes hydrodium is just written ________________.
If the number of hydroxide ions is _________________ than the hydrodium ions, then
the solution is a base.
Draw the dissociation of water below.

10. pH and Buffers
________________ is the scale for comparing the relative concentrations of
____________________in a _________________.
The scale ranges from _____________________.
The smaller the number, the more ___________________ a solution is. The higher the
number, the more __________________ it is.
For example, stomach acid has a _______________ of about _________. Ammonia has
a pH of about ___________.
____________________ are chemicals that _______________________ acids and bases
in the body.
___________________ help maintain good _______________ levels in the body.
Essential Questions
• How are particles arranged in an atom?
• How does an ionic bond differ from a covalent bond?

11. • Why doesn’t Neon combine with elements very often?
• What are the 3 state of matter?
• Explain how a catalyst affects a reaction.
• Why does a reduction always happen with an oxidation?
• Describe the dissociation of water.

12. • What is neutral pH?
• What is a buffer? Why is it important to the body?