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Personal Protective Equipment
- 1. Personal Protective Equipment “Your Last Line of Defense!”
- 2. Presented by LT RussellPeterson Shift Safety Officer Station 3/B-Shift
- 3. A little aboutme… • Born in Valdosta, GA; • Entered the fire service in • “Air Force Brat”; 1979 • Eagle Scout; • Joined BFD in 1987; • AS in physical science • Promoted to Engineer in from Sinclair College, 1988 and Lieutenant in Dayton OH; 1992; • BA in economics from • Fire Instructor I, Fire Univ of Tenn, Knoxville; Officer II, EMT-IV, HM Specialist, member of FD • MS in industrial Safety Committee technology & safety from Middle Tenn State; • Specialist in safety, HM, and WMD…
- 4. Now… Tell me a littleabout yourself!
- 5. Introduction • What’s yourname?… • Where are you from?… • Do you have a college degree? What’s it in? • Where else have you worked? • What attracted you to Brentwood? • What can you do to make Brentwood a better department?
- 6. You are nowcalled a Meercat!!!
- 7. Our Objectives Today •To approach today’s lesson with “newbees” eyes – “clean your slate” • To better understand PPE, the “total safety concept”, and the role it plays in your personal safety • To learn and understand the BFD Operational Guidelines as they pertain to PPE, PPE Inspection, and PAS.
- 8. Firefighter Injuries • Overthe past ten years, 99,535 firefighters have been injured annually, many due to inappropriate protective equipment; • Over the same time period, fires have decreased by 39% • Why haven’t injuries decreased by 39%? • Additionally, the fire service averages 100 to 120 fatalities each year, most due to some aspect of physical fitness or PPE failure/non-use.
- 9. Firefighter Injuries • Cuts– result from lack of PPE, including gloves • Burns – result from lack or improper use of PPE • Inhalation - result from lack or improper use of SCBA • Eye irritation – lack of protective eyewear
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- 11. Our primary missionis to… Save lives, protect property, and… to make sure that each other makes it home in the morning!!!
- 12. Introducing… The “Upside – Down Inside– Out” Approach to Firefighter Safety
- 13. The “Inside Out– Upside Down” Approach to Firefighter Safety • This approach to Firefighter Safety is based on “layering” your safety starting with: – Your core organs; – Your personal protective equipment; – Your crew; and finally – Your environment • Think starting at the top going down and from the inside going out.
- 14. The “Layering” Approach Yourdegree of the need for safety decreases as you move away from the core of the body.
- 15. Your Core Organs •Starting from the “Upside-Down”, we have: – The Brain – The Heart – The Lungs – The Skin • The criticality of body systems diminishes as you move down the body; organs higher and closer to the core are more critical.
- 16. The Brain • The“central processing unit” for the body • Injury and damage to the organ can cause severe or terminal dysfunction. • Injury and damage can be prevented by using common sense and a helmet.
- 17. The Heart • Central pump for circulating oxygenated to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs. • Injury and damage to the organ can cause severe or terminal dysfunction. • Injury and damage can be prevented by aerobic exercise, good nutrition, and stress management.
- 18. The Lungs • Organthat facilitates gas exchange with the blood. • Injury and damage to the organ can cause severe or terminal dysfunction. • Injury and damage can be prevented by using common sense and wearing and using your SCBA.
- 19. The Skin • Protective outer layer that provides a “container” for the body. • Injury and damage to the organ can cause moderate to terminal dysfunction. • Injury and damage can be prevented by using common sense and wearing protective turnout gear, gloves, and hood.
- 20. Do whatever youcan and whatever is necessary… …at any price, to protect your core organs and skin…
- 21. Your personal protectiveequipment • Think “Upside down – Inside out” – Helmet and eye protection – SCBA and PASS – Turnout coat and pants – Boots, hood, gloves, and flashlight – Hearing protection – PAS – Physical fitness, stress management, and common sense!!!
- 22. Never, Never, Ever… Wearyour gear in the fire station… Keep our stations (and its’ air) clean!!!
- 23. Your Helmet • Helmetsmust comply with NFPA 1972 • Issued helmet is the Morning Pride LiteForce 5 or the Cairns Metro 660C • Personal helmet may be the Cairns Classic 1000, 1010, or Sam Houston. • Helmet colors are white for the Chief, red for the Officers, yellow for Firefighters, and blue for the Safety/Training Officer.
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- 25. Your Helmet… • Impact absorption – Provided by suspension system • Penetration – Provided by outer shell • Heat Resistance – Provided by composition of materials and layers of materials • Face Protection – Provided by SCBA mask, face shield, or goggles
- 26. Your helmet musthave… • Eye protection – Face shield or goggles • Chin strap • Label providing manufacturing information • Addition of rubber straps, wooden wedges, flashlights, and other items may void NFPA compliance
- 27. SCBA and PASS •This department uses the Scott Aviation AirPak with 4500 psi carbon fiber wrapped/spun aluminum cylinders • We use the AV-2000 face piece with voice amplifier • Weight is around 30 pounds • Useful air life is approximately 30 to 40 minutes • All frontline SCBA have integrated PASS devices
- 28. When do Iwear my SCBA???
- 29. Turnouts • The departmentissues Morning Pride “tailed turnouts” to every member • Turnout outer material is “Advance” which is a 60% Kevlar and 40% Nomex blend incorporating the heat resistance of Nomex and the tear resistance of Kevlar. • Breakdown temperature of Advance is around 700 degrees F.
- 30. Turnout construction • Consistof three layers: – Outer shell – Vapor/moisture barrier – Thermal barrier
- 31. Outer Shell •The purpose of the outer shell is to provide flame resistance and protection from cuts and abrasions •Our gear use “Advance” material •“Advance” is a Nomex/Kevlar blend
- 32. Vapor Barrier •Prevents transfer of liquid from the environment to the thermal barrier •Our gear uses “Crosstech” which is a Gore product that functions like Goretex
- 33. Thermal Barrier • Thepurpose of the thermal barrier is to absorb perspiration, to provide thermal protection, and to keep body warm in cold weather. • Our gear uses a Nomex E89 hybrid
- 34. All turnouts musthave… • Label attached to the outer shell of coat and pant giving directions for maintenance and use – Includes Manufacturer’s name, address, and country of manufacture; – Lot number or serial number – Month and year of manufacture – Model name, number, or design – Size or size range • Must have at least 235 sq in of reflective material on coat and not less than 125 sq in visible from the front of the coat.
- 35. Boots – Gloves- Hood • Issued boot is standard rubber knee length boot • Personal boot may be any leather boot that is NFPA approved (NFPA 1974) • Issued and personal gloves must meet NFPA 1973 • Hoods must meet NFPA 1971
- 36. Hearing Protection • On-boardIntercom systems – On all large apparatus – Also at pump panel compartment • Ear Muffs – At stationary locations such as air fill station, woodworking and metal shop, lawn mower, etc. • Ear plugs – Issued to everyone with PPE – To be used whenever operating power tools
- 37. Station/Work Uniforms • Ourstation uniforms are NOT fire- resistant!!! • Pants and shirts are 65% polyester/35% cotton – will burn if it gets hot enough… • Boots are not steel-toed or steel- shanked… • Which means that it is EVEN MORE IMPORTANT THAT YOU WEAR YOUR PPE!!!
- 38. Personnel Accountability System (PAS) •The department utilizes a modified Seattle/Fairfax County type accountability system with the addition of a task tracking system. • Used by all adjoining fire departments except Nashville (Franklin, Nolensville, & Rescue Squad) • System incorporates Accountability Tags, PASPorts, and PASBoards. • The system works no better than the individuals using it.
- 39. How it works… •Place your Accountability Tag on the apparatus PASPort each shift at the beginning of the shift (Don’t forget!!!). • During an incident, the company officer carries the PASPort to the primary PASBoard before crew enters the hot zone. • Upon arrival, the Incident Manager obtains the PASBoard and accountability is established at the command post.
- 40. Physical Fitness (withthe Titans!)
- 41. Physical fitness… • TheCombat Test is only a portion of the physical fitness goal • Your ultimate physical fitness goal should be fireground fitness (ability to give that extra effort in an emergency situation) and increased stress resistance.
- 42. On Common Sense… Don’tbe a Clown… Before all else… THINK!!!
- 43. Do’s and Don’tsof PPE Usage • DO wear it whenever you might need it - it’s better to wear it and not need it then to need it and not be wearing it!!!. • DO wear it when operating forcible entry tools and equipment. • DO wear at least your helmet when working on or near a roadway. • DO use a face shield or goggles when operating hand or power tools.
- 44. Do’s and Don’tsof PPE Usage • DO wear gloves whenever working with your hands (raising ladders, testing hose, or reloading hose). • DO wear your helmet whenever working with ladders or hose (training, testing, or reloading). • DO check your PPE on a daily basis before going on duty. IT IS YOUR LAST LINE OF DEFENSE!!!
- 45. Do’s and Don’tsof PPE Usage • DON’T dress out while in a moving vehicle. Wait until you get there if already out of quarters. DO dress out fully before leaving quarters on a fire incident. • DON’T use PPE that’s not NFPA approved. • DON’T rely on PPE to save your life…rely on your training and common sense!!!
- 46. Note on PersonalEquipment The department is not responsible for the repair or replacement of personal equipment…
- 47. Non-Issued Protective Equipment •Non-department issued personal protective equipment will be limited to: – Helmet – Hood – Gloves – Boots • All other items worn must be department issued • “Comply before you Buy!”
- 48. Inspecting your PPE •Since YOUR PPE is YOUR last line of defense, no one but YOU is responsible for ensuring that it is able to provide for your protection. • Inspect your PPE before each shift as if you are guaranteed to have a fire that day!!! • Report problems immediately to your Shift Commander
- 49. Inspecting your Helmet •Criteria for the REPAIR of a helmet include: – Missing face shield nuts and adapters – Face shield excessively scratched – Chin strap and assembly broken or torn – Helmet liner worn, shredded, split or cracked – Webbed suspension broken
- 50. Inspecting your Helmet •Criteria for REPLACEMENT of helmet include: – Severely stained or split face shield – Helmet with visible cracks – Helmet which is warped or bubbled from heat exposure or drop – Helmet which has been exposed to mist or fumes which are known to weaken polycarbons.
- 51. Inspecting your Hood •Criteria for REPLACEMENT of Hoods: – Holes or tears – Not NFPA approved – Stretched out of shape or do not provide adequate coverage of face or neck surfaces
- 52. Inspecting your Turnouts •Criteria for REPAIR of Turnouts include: – Broken snaps – Rivets pulled loose from fabric and from the objects they secure – Stitches missing – Holes or rips in outer shell – Reflective stripes which are burned, cracked, melted, or torn
- 53. Inspecting your Turnouts •Criteria for REPLACEMENT of turnouts: – Coat or pants that are unrepairable – Ripped or torn liners – Charring or evidence of significant fire damage – Improper fit – Soiled with oil, tar, fuels to the point that they cannot be cleaned
- 54. A Note onWashing Gear • DON’T over-wash gear! Twice a year is what is recommended and should be enough. Scrubbing with a brush and soap and rinsing it off with a garden hose should take care of most post-fire contamination. Over-washing causes the gear to lose some of its’ protective qualities. • DO wash it whenever you’ve been exposed to a hydrocarbon (gasoline, diesel, other fuel oil) • NEVER dry clean your turnouts!!! NEVER use bleach or bleach additives when washing turnouts!!!
- 55. Inspecting your Boots •Criteria for REPLACEMENT of Boots: – Severely cracked – Holes or tears – Improper fit
- 56. Additional checks • Flashlight– bright beam? Need batteries? See your Station Officer! • Portable radio – battery charged? Will it transmit? Can you get to it? • SCBA mask – is it clean? • SCBA voice amplifier – check to see if YOURS is working – don’t forget it in the AM! • CHECK YOUR OWN SCBA !!! – the life it saves may be your own (the Engineer won’t be wearing it) !!!
- 57. Final Checks • Areyou physically fit to respond? – Are you injured or otherwise impaired? – Would you pass the Combat Test today? • Are you medically fit to respond? – Are you ill or otherwise impaired? – Would you pass a medical exam today? • Are you mentally fit to respond? – Do you have the proper attitude to respond today?
- 58. A Note onMental Preparedness • The body does not recognize the difference between real stress and perceived stress (fight versus flight). • The best way to emulate real and perceived stress is through intense physical activity. • By exercising, you can increase your resistance to perceived stress by increasing your exposure to real stress. • Don’t avoid stress – seek out stress!
- 59. Mental Preparedness andNutrition • Avoid alcohol • Avoid caffeine • Avoid high fat foods • Tired? Eat a light, low fat that 50% carbohydrate/50% protein • Sleepy? Eat some protein • Wired or nervous? Eat some carbohydrates
- 60. Do yourself afavor… Read either “Stress for Success” by James Loehr or “The Corporate Athlete” by Jack Groppel
- 61. Your Crew • Yourcrew will become your most important “life preservers”. • Team building and teamwork are essential to safe and effective operations. • Know in advance the aptitude and limitations of the crew you work with…emphasize the aptitudes and don’t push the limits! • Know YOUR role within the team! What are you expected to do? And what can you expect from others?
- 62. Your Crew… • Thecrew that PLAYS together, STAYS together!!! • Work and play together enough that you learn each other habits, likes and dislikes;
- 63. Your Crew… Train together enough so you learn each others aptitudes and limitations; and
- 64. Your Crew… Exercise together enough that you learn each others physical strengths and limitations.
- 65. Your Environment… You can CONTROL the environment around you… …or let the environment CONTROL you!
- 66. Our “office” ishazardous!!!
- 67. Your Environment… • Yourenvironment consists of: – Heat – Smoke – Darkness – Panic – Chaos – Disorder
- 68. The environment ischanging! Changing fuel loads… – Maple wood has 8211 BTU’s/lb – Nylon has 15,902 BTU/lb – and it’s toxic, too…
- 69. Toxic Environments • Toxicity – Carbon Monoxide – Hydrogen Chloride – Hydrogen Cyanide – Carbon Dioxide – Nitrogen Dioxide – Phosgene – Ammonia – Chlorine
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- 71. When do Iuse my SCBA? Whenever you are in an IDLH environment!
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- 80. Your Environment… • You can control your environment: – Survive in the heat with your PPE – Thrive in smoke with your SCBA
- 81. Your environment… –Illuminate the darkness with your flashlight, and – Control panic, chaos, and disorder with your ability, aptitude, and mental and physical toughness.
- 82. Your Environment… LOOK UPFirst! (these things will kill you!) – Power lines – Falling walls, roofs, and other debris
- 83. Your Environment… LOOK OUT(these things can kill you)! – Fire conditions – Moving vehicles
- 84. Your Environment… LOOKDOWN (these things can hurt you)! •Trip hazards •Holes in floors
- 85. In Conclusion… • PPEis just one component of your total safety package. • You can increase your safety by knowing your crew and by controlling your environment - Above all, protect your core organs!!! • Physical fitness, stress management, and good thinking/common sense are safety multipliers. • PPE is your last line of defense…check it daily and use it when you need it.
- 86. Welcome to theBrentwood Fire Department and Good Luck with your career…Stay Safe!!!