Talking about leadership style, leadership behavior, and leadership attitude.

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សាកលវ ិទ្យាល័យបញ្ញា សាស្រ្ត កម្ព ុជា
PAŇŇĀSĀSTRA UNIVERSITY OF CAMBODIA

2. Contents
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1. Objectives
2. Introduction
3. The classic dimensions of leadership behavior
4. Task-related leadership attitudes and behaviors
5. Relationship-oriented attitudes and behaviors
6. 360-degree feedback
7. Leadership styles
8. Conclusion

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1). Objectives
 Main objective:
 Explain what is leadership behavior, attitude, and style.
 Specific objectives:
 Explain the key leadership dimensions of initiating structure and
consideration.
 Describe task-related leadership behaviors and attitudes.
 Describe relationship-oriented leadership attitudes and behaviors.
 Explain how leaders use 360-degree feedback to improve their
performance.
 Describe the kinds of leadership styles.
 Present the case for gender differences in leadership style.
 Determine how to choose the most appropriate leadership style.

4. 2). Introduction
Effective
leadership
Behaviors
Attitudes
Skills
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3). Classic Dimensions of Leadership
Behavior
Consideration
 The degree to which the leader is supportive, warm,
friendly, and trusty.
 Three questionnaire items measuring the
consideration factor are as follows:
 Do personal favors for people in the work group.
 Treat all people in the work group as your equal.
 Do little things to make it pleasant to be a member of the staff.

6. 3). Classic Dimensions of Leadership
Behavior (cont’d)
Initiating Structure
 The degree to which leader organize and define
relationships in the group.
 Three self-assessment items measuring initiating
structure are as follows:
 Try our your own new ideas in the work group.
 Emphasize meeting deadlines.
 See to it that people in the work group are working up to
capacity.
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Figure 4-1 Four Combinations of
Initiating Structure and Consideration

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4). Task-Related Leadership Attitudes
and Behaviors
Focus is more on the task to be performed.
1. Adaptability to the situation
2. Direction setting
3. High-performance standards
4. Concentrating on strengths of group members
5. Risk-taking with execution of plans
6. Hands-on guidance and feedback
7. Ability to ask tough questions

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5).Relationship-Oriented Attitudes and
Behaviors
Focus is more on the interpersonal aspects of relationship.
1. Aligning people
2. Openness to worker opinions
3. Creating inspiration and visibility
4. Satisfying higher-level needs
5. Giving emotional support and encouragement
6. Promoting principles and values
7. Being a servant leader

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6). 360-Degree Feedback
 A formal evaluation of superiors based on input from
people who work for and with them, including
customers and suppliers.
 Often referred to as multisource feedback or
multirater feedback.
 Most often used for leadership and management
development.

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Figure 4-2 Example of 360-Degree
Feedback Chart

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7). Leadership Style = Behaviors + Attitudes
Participative Style
Consultative leaders
Consensus leaders
Democratic leaders

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7). Leadership Style (cont’d)
Autocratic Style
 Retains authority for self
 Makes decisions confidently
 Assumes group members will comply
 Not concerned with popularity
 Highly task-oriented
 Can be effective in certain situations

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7). Leadership Style (cont’d)
Entrepreneurial Style
 Strong achievement drive and sensible risk taking
 High degree of enthusiasm and creativity
 Tendency to act quickly when opportunity arises
 Constant hurry combined with impatience
 Visionary perspective combined with tenacity
 Dislike of hierarchy and bureaucracy
 Preference for dealing with external customers
 Eye on the future

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7). Leadership Style (cont’d)
Leadership Grid™ Styles
 The Leadership Grid™ is a framework for
specifying the extent of a leader’s concern for
production and people.

16. 7). Leadership Style (cont’d)
 Benchmark Leadership Grid styles include:
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7). Leadership Style (cont’d)
Gender Differences in Leadership Styles
 One researcher concluded that men tended toward a
command-and-control style. In contrast, women
tended toward relationship-oriented leadership.
 While researchers found leadership style differences
between men and women, on the dimension of
overall effectiveness, the sexes were perceived the
same.

18. 7). Leadership Style (cont’d)
Selecting the Best Leadership Style
 There is no one best or most effective leadership style.
 Leaders who get the best results do not rely on one style.
 Effective leaders need to focus on:
 Structuring the work (task behaviors)
 Supporting and developing good interpersonal relationships
with and among group members (relationship behaviors)
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8). Conclusion
 Two major dimensions of leader behavior are initiating structure
and consideration
 Task-related attitudes and behaviors, as well as relationship-
related attitudes and behaviors of effective leaders have been
identified
 360-degree feedback is commonly used today to provide leaders
with feedback on their attitudes and behaviors
 There are several distinct leadership styles including participative,
autocratic, and entrepreneurial
 Male-female differences in leadership style have been observed
 Managers should diagnose the situation and then choose the
appropriate leadership style to match

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